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II I STORY 



OF 



The 126™ INFANTRY 



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/iV 



THE WAR WITH GERMANY 

2 r 
EMIL B . GANSSER 

Under the iJirection 
oj the /^6th Infantry A s soc iation , A. E. F. 



ILLUSTRATED 



ONE VOLUME 



GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN 



D7b9 

1^0 



COPYRIGHT, 1920 

126th INFANTRY ASSOCIATION, A. E. F. 

GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. 








This volume is dedicated to the memory of 
our fallen heroes and comrades who made the 
supreme sacrifice so that we might live, and 
who are now resting in that final sleep in the 
fields of France and Germany. They shall never 
be forgotten by their comrades who survived 
them. 



PREFACE 



The story of the service, experiences and battles of the 126th 
Infantry, Thirty- second Division (National Guard) , during the World 
War, from July 15, 1917, to the month of June, 1919, when the last 
elements of the regiment were mustered out of military service, is told 
in these pages. Also a chapter of the early history of the regiment 
dating from the Civil War is included. 

This book represents much research work in the investigation and 
examination of orders, battle maps, operations reports, company log 
books, and other documents, as well as personal recollections, and all 
statements herein contained were carefully prepared and verified as to 
their correctness before they were printed, and we can assure the reader 
that the events relating to the regiment are truly stated and authentic 
in every respect. The author fully realizes that when these pages are 
printed they will become a permanent record of the military service 
rendered by the regiment in the greatest war in history, and for that 
reason much more time and labor has been expended than was at first 
anticipated, so that the chief value of this volume may lie in the 
correctness of the facts herein related. Yet, it is recognized that in a 
book of this kind, there may be some discrepancies in details of minor 
importance, but hours and often days, has been spent in collecting and 
preparing material facts, even for a single page. 

The plan of this volume presents the story of the activities and 
experiences of the regiment in a chronological order from day to day, 
from the time of its muster into the military service of this country in 
1917, to the time of its muster out. What is said of the experiences 
of the 126th Infantry in this book is in many respects fairly typical of 
the experience of most infantry regiments which served during the war 



V 



with combat troops on active fronts and no claim of special credit for 
the regiment is made in these pages on account of the service rendered 
by it. To their credit the fighting ability and achievements of the regi- 
ment was never extolled or exploited by its personnel, as was too often 
the case in other organizations, and what is said in this respect about 
the regiment must also be said of the other units composing the 32nd 
Division. Whatever glory, whatever honor or fame was acquired by 
the regiment and division came voluntarily and unsolicited from those 
outside of the division. 

It was at first intended to print the picture of every man in the 
regiment who lost his life in action, but want of space made this impos- 
sible, although it is hoped that this might be done in the future in the 
form of a supplement to this volume. However, the picture of nearly 
one-half of the more than 7,300 members of the regiment are published, 
including the officers killed, of whom pictures could be obtained. The 
battle-maps are reprints of actual maps used during the fighting and 
most of the views are reprints of official army photographs taken by 
the U. S. Signal Corps. 

The late war produced many new weapons and methods of war- 
fare, and while our Government declared war against Germany on 
April 6, 1917, our Regular Army Staff was woefully unprepared to meet 
these new conditions and it was not until late in 1917 that our troops 
began to receive some training and instruction in modern warfare as 
developed in Europe after more than three years of fighting. It was 
said that only about 36 per cent of the officers of the regular army 
reached France and but very few of these saw service in the line on 
fighting fronts, and the front line troops engaged in battle were led 
mostly by officers of the National Guard, Reserve Corps and non- 
commissioned officers of the regular army given temporary officers' 
commissions for the duration of the war. 

If one were to express an opinion on what was the most essential 
to the effectiveness of troops in battle, he would unhesitatingly say 
"esprit de corps," and for the next most essential, "more esprit de 
corps." It is the spirit, loyalty and pride of the troops which carries 
them forward in the stress of battle. If a proper "esprit de corps" 
exists, the other essentials of a good soldier, such as discipline and 
knowledge in the art of warfare, are easily and rapidly acquired, and, 
as developed in this war, our troops respond to this "esprit de corps" 
more readily under a democratic system and administration of army 
government. 

EMIL B. GANSSER, 

December 1, 1920. Formerly Captain 126th Infantry. 



CONTENTS 

CHAPTER I PAGES 

Early History of the Regiment — Service in 1898 — Mexican 

Border Service — Declaration of War with Germany 9- 18 

CHAPTER II 

Period July 15, 1917, to January 26, 1918— Mobilization at 

Grayling — Reorganization of Regiment at Waco 19- 36 

CHAPTER III 

At Port of Embarkation — Overseas on U. S. Transport Presi- 
dent Grant — Submarine Scare — Arrival in France 37- 48 

CHAPTER IV 
Laboring in Service of Supply and Training in France — At 

St. Nazaire — In Tenth Training Area 49- 58 

CHAPTER V 
In Trenches in Alsace — First Casualty — Enemy Raids— Spies 

—Life in Trenches 59- 88 

CHAPTER VI 
From Alsace to Chateau Thierry — Journey to Verberie — Night 

March Into Battle— Under Shell-Fire 89- 96 

CHAPTER VII 
The Aisne-Marne Offensive — In First Attack — Capture of Hill 
212 and Jomblets Woods — Driving Enemy Across the 
Vesle— Cited in General Orders 97-132 

CHAPTER VIII 
Rest Period After Marne Offensive — Moving to Croutoy — 

Attached to 10th French Army 133-139 

CHAPTER IX 

The Oise-Aisne Offensive — Shock Troops— Over the Top — 
Enemy Counter Attack — "Les Terribles" — Colors Dec- 
orated by Gen. Mangin 140-158 

CHAPTER X 
Period Between Oise-Aisne and Argonne Offensive — In Join- 

ville Rest Area— To the Front Again 159-161 

CHAPTER XI 
The Meuse-Argonne Offensive — Attack in the Fog on October 

9th — Piercing Kriemhilde Stellung 162-197 

CHAPTER XII 

Period October 20 to November 16, 1918 — Resting in Mont- 

faucon Woods — Entering Line Second Time — Armistice- _ 198-206 



CHAPTER XIII PAGES 

The March to the Rhine — Marching Through Luxemburg — 

Crossing Into Germany — Crossing the River Rhine 207-218 

CHAPTER XIV 

In the Army of Occupation — Christmas in Germany — Colonel 

Joseph B. Westnedge — Division Review 219-229 

CHAPTER XV 
Departure For the United States 230-232 

CHAPTER XVI 
The Auxiliary Troops of the Regiment 233-235 

CHAPTER XVII 

Comments by Division and Brigade Commanders- 236-243 

CHAPTER XVIII 
Extracts From Some Newspaper and Magazine Articles 245-249 

CHAPTER XIX 
List of Winners of D. S. C. and Other Decorations 251-253 

CHAPTER XX 
Rosters of Regiment 255-347 

MAPS 
France 50 

Alsace and Belfort 60 

Alsace Trench Sector :- 65 

Marne Salient, German Map of 90 

Marne Offensive Sector, Map of 98- 99 

Juvigny, Map of 144 

Verdun and Montfaucon Sector, Map of 164 

Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Map of 168-169 

PORTRAITS 

Colonel Joseph B. Westnedge 7 

Colonel William T. Mollison 215 

Pvt. Joseph W. Guyton and Lieut. Carl A. Johnson 70 

Generals Hann, Covell and McCoy 240 

POEMS 
After the Battle 132 

Love, My Thoughts Go Back to You 158 

March to the Rhine 206 

Our Outermost Guard 218 

A Doughboy's Idea of the Colors 243 

The National Debt of Echternach and How It Was Paid 249 




COLONEL JOSEPH B. WESTNEDGE 

Commanded Regiment from its organization to November 6, 1918, when, through sickness 

brought on by gas burns, he was evacuated to a hospital in Nantes, 

France, where he died November 26, 1918. 



HISTORY OF 
THE 126th INFANTRY 



EARLY HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 
CHAPTER I 



THE One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Infantry, United States 
National Guard, was organized from units of the Michigan 
Brigade of National Guard troops, which was a military organ- 
ization of volunteers. All of the units composing the regiment date 
since the Civil War and many of them are the offspring of organizations 
which existed prior to 1861, and which earned for themselves credit and 
glory during that conflict. However, none of the organizations now in 
service were organized and mustered into State service prior to 1870. 
Soon after 1865, numerous independent military companies were organ- 
ized throughout Michigan, composed chiefly of officers and men who 
had had service in the Great War of the Rebellion just ended. 

Early in the seventies the State began to feel the need for an 
organized force, as the old Militia "training day" system had fallen 
into disuse long previous to the outbreak of the Civil War and nothing 
had been devised to replace it after that war, and the independent 
military organizations then existing began to offer themselves for 
muster into the service of the State. Six of the units of the regiment 
date their organization and muster into State service during the ten 
years succeeding 1870, and the remaining units were mustered in from 
time to time until January 1, 1898, when there existed in the State 
altogether forty infantry companies organized into five regiments of 
eight companies each, which was the organization of the army prior to 
that time. 

The officers for these troops were chosen by the elective system, 
which system had been grafted on them by National legislation in the 
early part of the nineteenth century and tended more towards military 
inefficiency than any other one thing with which the volunteer troops 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

had to contend with in continuously striving for real efficiency. In 
Michigan, even in 1898, the tendency of thought was away from the 
elective system of officers, and by law the term of office for officers 
was extended to three years, with corresponding good results. 

When the Michigan National Guard was called for service in the 
war with Spain, it was composed of the First, Second, Third and Fifth 
regiments of infantry, and the First and Second Independent Battalions. 
The equipment in the possession of the Guard at that time was very 
poor and inadequate. The State had shelter tents and field cooking 
equipment for but one regiment. The infantry was armed with a 
breech-loading Springfield rifle and many of the guns had been in the 
hands of the troops for more than fifteen years, and damage to sights, 
fair wear and tear, and neglect had rendered them unserviceable. The 
weapon had long before become obsolete and should have been replaced 
with a modern rifle using smokeless powder. 

When war was actually declared by President McKinley, he issued 
a proclamation, on April 23, 1898, calling for 125,000 volunteers, Mich- 
igan's quota being 4,104, to consist of four regiments of infantry, each 
of 1,026 officers and men. On the next day orders were issued for the 
mobilization of the entire Michigan National Guard, at Island Lake, 
and the re-organization of the different regiments in accordance with 
the new regulations and requirements was begun at once and the 
Second Independent Battalion was assigned to the Second regiment, 
giving it twelve companies of infantry, four being from Grand Rapids, 
four from Detroit, and one each from the cities of Muskegon, Grand 
Haven, Kalamazoo and Battle Creek. The other regiments were simi- 
larly organized into twelve companies each. The regiments thus organ- 
ized were designated as the Thirty-first, Thirty-second, Thirty-third 
and Thirty-fourth Michigan Volunteer Infantry, following in numerical 
order the infantry regiments raised in the State for the Civil War, and 
the old Second regiment thus became the Thirty-second Michigan 
Volunteer Infantry, and on May 19, 1898, the regiment, under the 
command of Colonel William T. McGurrin, an able and efficient officer, 
left for Tampa, Florida, where it remained in training for several weeks 
and then was moved to Fernandina, Florida, for further training and 
embarkation for Cuba. In the meantime the regiment had been relieved 
of the old breech-loading Springfield rifles and was awaiting new arms 
and equipment in preparation for service in Cuba, orders for which had 
been issued and a U. S. transport was in the harbor when, just before the 
hour for sailing, the order for Cuban service was cancelled and the 
regiment returned to Island Lake, September 16, 1898, from whence the 

10 



EARLY HISTORY 

several companies departed to their home stations and were mustered 
out between October 25th and November 9th following. 

In 1899, the Michigan Guard was reorganized into three regiments 
of twelve companies each, and one independent battalion, and the State 
appropriations for National Guard purposes steadily increased from 
1899 until, in 1917, it was ov:r $300,000, and in 1909 the elective system 
of promotion of officers was abolished and since then the Guard of 
Michigan has been concerned in improving and increasing its own 
efficiency, and in securing National legislation which would Federalize 
the National Guard of the country, which was realized in the much- 
abused but now completely vindicated law of June 3, 1916. 

Upon the reorganization after the Spanish-American war the regi- 
ment was designated as the Second Infantry, and April 22, 1915, it was 
changed to the Thirty-second Michigan Infantry, which designation it 
retained until changed to the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Infantry, 
U. S. National Guard, under which designation it served throughout 
the World War. 

Since 1899 the various units composing the regiment saw service 
in the Durand railroad riot and the prison riot at Jackson and, in 1913, 
the entire regiment saw service in the great copper strike in the Upper 
Peninsula of Michigan. On June 19, 1916, the entire Michigan National 
Guard was called out for service on the Mexican border and the com- 
panies assembled at their armories and arrived at the State mobilization 
camp, at Grayling, Michigan, on June 25th. 

At this time the regiment had twelve infantry companies and one 
machine gun company in conformity with the regulations of organiza- 
tion of the War Department then in force. The various units were 
recruited from the southwestern part of Michigan and the home stations 
of the different companies were as follows: Company A, Coldwater; 
Company B, Adrian; Companies C and D, Kalamazoo, which companies 
comprised the first battalion and was commanded by Major J. Charles 
McCullough, of Lansing. Company E, Ionia; Company F, Grand 
Haven; Company G, Muskegon, and Company H, Big Rapids, com- 
prised the second battalion under command of Major Eli Falardieu, of 
Big Rapids. Companies I, K, L and M, all of Grand Rapids, comprised 
the third battalion under the command of Major Earl R. Stewart, The 
Machine Gun Company and Sanitary Detachment also came from 
Grand Rapids. The regiment was commanded by Colonel Louis C. 
Covell, of Grand Rapids, and Lieutenant Colonel Joseph B. Westnedge, 
of Kalamazoo, was second in command, and Captain Patrick R. Dun- 
nigan was regimental chaplain. 

On the first day of July, 1916, the regiment was mustered into the 

11 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

Federal Service and in a few days left for El Paso, Texas, where it 
arrived on July 12th, and pitched tents at Camp Cotton, which was 
within three hundred yards of the Mexican boundary line. The Thirty- 
first Michigan Infantry had preceded the regiment by a week and were 
already established in Camp Cotton. The Thirty-third Michigan 
Infantry was held at Grayling and did not reach El Paso until the 
first week in October, when it also established camp in Camp Cotton, 
thus bringing the entire Michigan brigade together under the command 
of Brigadier General John P. Kirk, of Ypsilanti, Michigan. 

Camp Cotton was the nearest American camp to the boundary line 
and besides the Michigan brigade, the only other American troops in 
this camp was a brigade of Massachusetts National Guard and two 
infantry regiments of regulars. All the other troops assembled in the 
El Paso district during the Mexican border service were located in 
camps in the vicinity of Fort Bliss, and from five to seven miles from 
the border line. 

After a few days spent in establishing camp, the regiment entered 
upon a program of intensive training. The first four weeks of this 
period was devoted to close order drill during the forenoon in the 
vicinity of the camp, the last hour of which consisted of marching for 
the purpose of getting the men into condition for actual campaign 
service. Details were furnished from the regiment to guard important 
points in the vicinity of El Paso and, on August 15th, the regiment 
took over the entire outpost line along the Rio Grande River and the 
boundary line in New Mexico. This outpost line stretched from Fort 
Hancock, about fifty-one miles southeast of El Paso, to Las Crusces, 
New Mexico, about forty-seven miles to the northwest. On September 
1st, the regiment was relieved from this duty and returned to Camp 
Cotton and the training schedule was again taken up, which consisted 
principally of field tactics and open warfare. The drill ground was a 
limitless stretch of sandy waste land located to the east of Fort Bliss 
and was known as the "Mesa." It was a three-mile hike from camp 
and the troops marched this distance daily, leaving camp at 7 o'clock 
in the morning and reaching the drill area by eight and then trudging 
through the sandy fields for the next three hours when the return to 
camp was made. This program was carried out daily except Satur- 
days, when a thorough show-down inspection was held. The Mesa 
was covered with every known variety of cactus and mesquite bushes; 
horned toads, lizards and other tropical insects infested the drill field, 
all of which was something new to the troops from the North, and the 
memory of this sandy waste cherishes no desire to return to it. The 
afternoons were devoted to schools and athletic work. The regiment 

12 



MEXICAN BORDER 

made rapid progress in its training and the strenuous work soon hard- 
ened the men into well-trained and seasoned troops and ready for any 
service south of the border. 

The city of El Paso was formerly a Mexican and Spanish town 
and was called by them "El Paso del Nord," which translated means 
the pass to the north, deriving its name from the fact that at this point 
the Rio Grande River, upon whose shores the town is located, crossed 
the Rocky Mountain range at its lowest point on the North American 
continent. El Paso lies at an elevation of thirty-seven hundred feet 
above sea level and its climate is rather pleasant. Across the river 
lies the Mexican town of Jaurez, which was connected with El Paso 
by two international bridges. During mid-day it was very hot, while 
the evenings and nights were always cool, due to the high altitude; 
but the dust storms was a disagreeable nuisance. On account of the 
dryness the sand and dust was easily stirred by the slightest breeze 
and when the velocity of the wind increased, the sand and dust formed 
regular clouds and at times were so thick that one could not see more 
than one hundred yards, and the tents and mess halls became filled 
with dirt. 

In the latter part of September, 55,000 troops were stationed in 
and around El Paso, and a provisional division of about 20,000 men 
was formed for the purpose of making a practice march as part of the 
training schedule. The regiment was brigaded with the First and 
Second South Carolina National Guard regiments and the destination 
was Las Cruces, New Mexico, and return. The division included artil- 
lery, cavalry, signal corps and engineer troops, together with the author- 
ized wagon trains, and the marching troops carried full field equip- 
ment, including the packs or blanket rolls. The route of march fol- 
lowed the Rio Grande River valley and, as suitable drinking water was 
not available along the route, it was supplied by means of tank cars 
hauled to each halting place over the Santa Fe Railroad, which also 
followed the river valley. 

On October 1st, the march began, and as the provisional division 
stretched out along the road, it formed a column nearly six miles long. 
The first night out it rained for the first time in a month and camp was 
established in the bottom lands along the river where the soil is com- 
posed of what is called doby mud, and this mud formed a sticky and 
slippery mass and clung to the shoes in large chunks, making walking 
difficult. The daily marches averaged twelve miles and, with the 32nd 
Michigan Infantry regiment in the lead, Las Cruces was reached on 
the afternoon of the fifth day. Here a halt was made for three days 
and another phase of the training schedule was carried out, which con- 

13 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

sisted of field maneuvers, drill in open warfare and establishing and 
constructing trenches. On the third day a cold and drizzling rain fell 
most of the day and night, which interrupted the training, and orders 
to begin the return march the following day were issued, and the return 
hike began in another cold and drizzling rain which stopped about noon 
and began again towards evening and continued all night and every 
day during this return hike was a repetition of the first day. All this 
time the troops lived in shelter tents and the meals were cooked on the 
field buzzycots. The lessons learned and experience gained by the 
troops on this march proved to be of considerable value in the future 
service of the regiment during the World War. 

The training schedule was again taken up within a few days after 
reaching camp and the long daily hikes to the Mesa was resumed and 
the drills in open warfare were continued until shortly before the regi- 
ment was ordered home. During this period the schedule included two 
divisional reviews, which were held at Fort Bliss, and sham battles 
carried out on the Mesa, together with two or three tactical marches. 

During the fall months a football schedule was arranged for the 
troops in the El Paso district- as a part of the training in athletics 
carried out during the afternoons. Nearly every regiment in the dis- 
trict entered a team, which were divided in two sections. The schedule 
provided for a game between every team in each section and the cham- 
pionship for the district was to be determined by a game between the 
winners in each section. Many teams entered had men playing upon 
them who had won fame playing with the best college and school teams in 
the country and the playing throughout was of the highest class. The 
team representing the 32nd Michigan Infantry won all its games in its 
section and the final game for the championship was played January 
1st on the High School stadium ground before a large crowd, with the 
team from the 8th Artillery as its opponents. After some fast and 
skilful playing, our team proved too much for the artillery men and 
defeated them by a decisive score and thereby becoming the champion 
football team of all the troops in the Mexican Border service. 

During the months of December and January, frequent flurries of 
snow fell, and as the weather began to turn cold, lumber was procured 
and the pyramidal tents were provided with floors and the side walls 
built up to a height of three feet, and sibley stoves were installed to 
provide against the cold, which was below freezing every night. Bath 
houses were installed soon after our arrival and these were equipped 
with hot water heating devices. While everything was made as com- 
fortable as could be and no one complained about the service, it was 
realized that the possibility of any active service across the border had 

14 



MEXICAN BORDER 

passed and orders for the return home of the regiment was anxiously 
awaited. These orders came the latter part of January, 1917, and on 
the 18th day of the month tents were struck and the camp site was 
thoroughly policed and cleaned up in a soldierly manner and early the 
next day the regiment entrained for its journey to Fort Wayne, Mich- 
igan, where it was to be mustered out of the Federal Service. The 
movement was made in three trains and the trip required nearly six 
days and Fort Wayne was reached on January 24th. The necessary 
paper work and checking of equipment preliminary to muster out was 
begun at once and by February 4th half of the regiment was mustered 
out and returned to their home stations. The muster out proceedings 
of the remainder of the regiment was stopped on account of an epidemic 
of scarlet fever, which required them to be held in quarantine, and on 
February 9th word was received that the German ambassador had been 
given his passports and that diplomatic relations with Germany was 
broken off by the President, Woodrow Wilson, and a telegram arrived 
directing that muster-out proceedings be discontinued until further 
orders. This new turn in events caused some excitement among the 
remaining troops and speculation was rife concerning its import, and 
the general belief was that war with Germany was imminent and that 
the troops remaining would not be mustered out after all. Three days 
later instructions were received to proceed with the mustering out pro- 
ceedings and the troops were mustered out of the Federal Service on 
February 15th and proceeded to their home stations. It was reported 
that had not a part of the regiment been mustered out before diplo- 
matic relations with Germany were broken the whole regiment would 
have remained in the Federal Service. 

As the various units of the regiment were mustered out of the 
Federal Service they automatically reverted to their former National 
Guard status as provided by the National Guard law adopted by Con- 
gress June 3, 1916. This Act had barely become a law when the 
National Guard was called into the Federal Service for Mexican Border 
service and the provisions of the law were now effective for the first 
time. All companies entered upon the work to recruit up to one hun- 
dred men, as required by the new law, and weekly drills in the home 
armories were held regularly. The training and experience acquired in 
the border service greatly increased the military efficiency of the Guard 
and this training was quickly imparted to the new recruits. Brigadier 
General John P. Kirk's term as commander of the Michigan Brigade 
expired, in accordance with the Michigan National Guard law, on Jan- 
uary 16, 1917, and Colonel Louis C. Covell, who was the senior colonel 
in the brigade, was advanced to the rank of Brigadier General and 

15 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

placed in command of the entire brigade. As the Michigan law pro- 
vided for promotion by seniority, Lieutenant Colonel Joseph B. West- 
nedge, who was second in command of the regiment, was advanced to 
the rank of colonel and became commander of the regiment, and the 
senior major, Eli Farardieu became lieutenant colonel and Captain 
John H. Schouten, who was senior captain in the regiment, was pro- 
moted to the rank of major and placed in command of what was then 
the second battalion. 

During this period the relations between the German Imperial 
Government and the United States were becoming more strained every 
day and the country was drifting towards war as surely as rivers run 
toward the sea. In the month of December, 1916, the Imperial Gov- 
ernment issued an ultimatum to the world that it intended to declare 
a blockade of the entire eastern Atlantic coast and that all waters within 
a certain described boundary line extending some three hundred miles 
out into the ocean to be within the blockade zone and that unrestricted 
submarine warfare would be waged upon all vessels, whether beligerent 
or neutral, sailing within such zone, and that the intended blockade 
would become effective on and after February 1, 1917. This surely 
was a departure from all former established rules of international war- 
fare upon the high seas and a note containing the protest of the United 
States against the proposed action was sent to the German Imperial 
Government, and after an exchange of a series of notes, our govern- 
ment demanded and insisted that all unarmed vessels of neutral coun- 
tries be halted and searched to ascertain if they carried contraband of 
war before they were attacked, and if found not to have contraband, 
they must not be harmed and allowed to proceed on their journey. To 
this demand the Imperial Government agreed and forwarded its 
approval to Washington through its ambassador, but, notwithstanding 
its agreement, its ultimatum was put into effect on February 1st and 
some unarmed vessels were torpedoed by the undersea craft without 
warning and the German ambassador at "Washington was given his 
passports. Further notes were sent to the Imperial Government inti- 
mating that if it persisted in carrying out its unlawful intentions and 
sunk any more ships such acts would be regarded as unfriendly by this 
government, which intimations were ignored by the German Govern- 
ment and its policy of unrestricted submarine warfare was continued 
and on the 6th day of April, 1917, the Congress of the United States 
declared war against the Imperial German Government. The events 
following that eventful day are now history. The abdication of the 
German Kaiser and his flight to Holland to save his own hide are well 
known, as is also the efforts of many of his subjects to exhonorate him 

16 



DECLARATION OF WAR 

from the blame for the ruthless sinking of the Lusitania and similar 
kind of warfare which brought the United States into the war. It was 
not over the Kaiser's protest or contrary to his desire that piracy was 
resorted to, but with his approval and by his direct order, as is proved 
by a document obtained in this country from the files of the German 
foreign office and which reads as follows: 

(Strictly Secret.) 

General Headquarters, Jan. 6, 1917. 

I order the unrestricted submarine war to be started with 
full energy Feb. 1. You must make all necessary preparations 
immediately in such a way that this purpose is not prema- 
turely recognized by the enemy and the neutrals. The essential 
plans of operations are to be submitted to me. A copy of this 
is to be handed to the imperial chancellor. Wilhelm I. R. 

After war was declared the press of the country published an- 
nouncements that our entry into the war did not necessarily mean that 
the young manhood of the United States would be sent to France, but 
that our navy would be used to assist the Allies and that, perhaps, the 
regular army troops may be used, but to military men who followed the 
course of the war in Europe closely, this statement appeared to be 
untrue, as it was well known that what the Allies needed more than 
anything else in the crisis then pending was soldiers, and infantry sol- 
diers at that, and to military men there was never a doubt but that our 
young manhood would sooner or later be thrown into the maelstrom of 
the conflict raging in Europe. Within a few weeks after war was de- 
clared, orders were received to recruit all organizations up to their 
maximum war strength as provided by the new Federal National Guard 
law. The strength for infantry companies was one hundred and fifty 
men, and for the machine gun company it was seventy-two men, and 
for the supply company and sanitary detachment it was fifty-four and 
thirty-two men respectively. The new law made no provision for a 
headquarters company except the regimental band, which was a sep- 
arate unit. The new law required each organization to increase its 
strength approximately one hundred per cent and by July 1st the 
necessary quota was reached. The large number of new volunteers 
obtained during this period required a great deal of work in starting 
each soldier's service records and other data which had to be collected 
regarding each man, so that on June 1st the regimental commander, 
the regimental adjutant and sergeant major, and the battalion com- 
manders and their adjutants, medical officers and every company com- 
mander and first sergeant of every unit in the regiment was ordered on 

17 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

active duty. Regimental headquarters was established at Kalamazoo 
and every armory was a scene of activity. 

The War Department announced that the entire National Guard 
of the country would be called out on two different dates, July 15th 
and August 5th, and the Guard of Michigan was included in the call 
for the first date and the regiment was ordered into active service on 
July 15th, on which day its service during the World War began. 




Upper view : General Pershing on left and General Haan on right. 
French Div. Sentheim, Alsace, June 20, 1918. 

Lower: Inspection in Company street at Waco, Texas. 



Col. Laucagne, 9th 




18 



CHAPTER II 

THE TRAINING PERIOD FROM JULY 15, 1917, TO 
JANUARY 26, 1918 



TRAINING PERIOD AT HOME 

ON JULY 15th, the various units of the regiment assembled at 
their home armories and the equipping and training of the 
troops began in earnest. Government rations were provided 
and the several armories were turned into barracks. Daily drill 
schedules were prepared and every forenoon and afternoon the com- 
panies went through calesthenics and close and extended order drill 
on the home commons. Within a few days every officer and man was 
given a physical examination by newly appointed medical reserve 
officers with the result that many good physical specimens of man were 
rejected for the slightest defect by these barnstormers. Men, phy- 
sically perfect otherwise, were rejected for being a half-pound under- 
weight or for some other trivial defect which did not impair their fit- 
ness for military service in the least. Many of those rejected imme- 
diately enlisted in the regular army and were accepted without ques- 
tion. Some men rejected for being under weight drank a few quarts of 
water or milk or ate weight-producing fruit or other food and submitted 
to another examination within a few hours after being rejected and were 
accepted. All other rejected men were later taken in the draft and 
accepted for military service. The total thus rejected was about eight 
or ten per cent, but their places were quickly filled by volunteers on the 
waiting lists. After the physical examinations were completed, all 
officers and men were vaccinated and everyone received a triple injec- 
tion of anti-typhoid serum, which was administered on three different 
occasions. 

On August 5th, the regiment, in common with all national guard 
troops in the country, was automatically transferred to and became a 
part of the Army of the United States. With these preliminaries out of 
the way, the training at home stations was again taken up and con- 
tinued until August 16th, when the movement of the regiment to the 
mobilization camp at Grayling began. 

In every city where a company was located the home folks turned 
out in great crowds to bid their soldier representatives God-speed on 

19 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

the eventful journey, upon the first lap of which they were now 
embarking. Final partings and farewells, in many cases the last, were 
said between a proud father or a faithful mother with a heavy heart 
and their soldier son, and between the soldier husband and his loving 
wife and children. Many a heart throbbed and tears could not be re- 
pressed when the departing soldier fondly embraced and kissed his 
loved ones for the last time an instant before the train pulled out of 
the station. The farewells said, the trains steamed away amid waving 
handkerchiefs and flags, the ringing of bells and tooting of shop 
whistles, and here and there in the crowds could be seen an anxious 
mother, wife or sweetheart, with bowed head and moist eyes. The day 
will not soon be forgotten. 

MOBILIZATION AND TRAINING AT GRAYLING 

By night all of the Michigan National Guard was assembled at the 
state mobilization camp at Grayling, except the 33rd Michigan Infantry, 
which was retained in the Federal service after its return to Michigan 
from the Mexican border service, and was engaged in guarding important 
industrial points in Michigan; the 3rd Battalion being located at Camp 
Custer during its construction period. Most of the troops were for- 
tunate in arriving at Grayling early enough to put up the pyramidal 
tents before dark, while the late arrivals were forced to spend the night 
in pup tents. The following day was given over to establishing camp 
more permanently and necessary comforts were provided. The camp 
site at Grayling is one of nature's beauty spots and an ideal camp 
ground for troops. It contained nearly thirty square miles of territory 
and a small inland lake three miles long and a mile and a half wide, 
known as Portage Lake, lay almost in the center of the tract. It is 
surrounded by low hills, which slope gradually towards its shores, and 
camp was made on the hill slopes on the eastern and southern side of 
the lake. The entire tract consisted of rolling ground dotted here and 
there by several hills and a considerable portion was covered with 
second-growth trees and brush, making the site ideal for carrying out 
small maneuver problems. The soil was sandy, with a good turf, and 
whenever it rained the water soon disappeared into the ground, making 
marching and drilling more pleasant than it was before. This spot was 
not a stranger to many of us who had the pleasure of attending former 
military camps on these grounds, and the sight of it recalled many happy 
days of former years, and never did the regiment camp on a better or 
more beautiful site than this one. 

The Michigan National Guard consisted of the 31st, 32nd and 
33rd Michigan Regiments of Infantry, which constituted the Michigan 

20 




21 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

Infantry Brigade, four troops of cavalry, the first field artillery, brigade 
headquarters detachment, two companies of engineers, two companies 
of signal corps troops, one field hospital and two ambulance companies. 
The entire Michigan Guard was under the command of Brigadier Gen- 
eral Louis C. Coyell, an officer of long military service, he having been 
a captain of an infantry company of the old 32nd Michigan Volunteers 
during the Spanish-American War and an officer in the Michigan 
National Guard ever since its reorganization after that war. The 32nd 
Michigan Infantry regiment was commanded by Colonel Joseph B. 
Westnedge, who also was a captain during the war of 1898. Lieut.-Col. 
Eli V. R. Falardeau was second in command, and Major Earl R. Stewart 
commanded the third battalion, Major Jay C. McCullough the first, 
and Major John H. Schouten the second battalion. Captain John P. 
DeRight, Kalamazoo, was regimental adjutant, and Captain Patrick R. 
Dunnigan was regimental chaplain. The different companies were com- 
manded by the following captains: Company A, Roscoe L. Graves, 
Coldwater; Company B, John Benner, Adrian; Company C, Robert L. 
Wright, Kalamazoo; Company D, Frank VanLandegent, Kalamazoo; 
Company E, George R, Hogarth, Ionia; Company F, George L. Olson, 
Grand Haven; Company G, Carl M. Field, Muskegon; Company H, 
Charles L. McCormick, Big Rapids; Company I, Louis J. Donovan, 
Grand Rapids ; Company K, James Sinke, Grand Rapids ; Company L, 
Jess W. Clark, Grand Rapids; Company M, Emil B. Gansser, Grand 
Rapids; Machine Gun Company, William Haze, Grand Rapids; Supply 
Company, Walter N. Burgess, Grand Rapids; Sanitary Detachment, 
Ernest C. Lee, Detroit. John Bickert, of Grand Rapids, was band 
leader. The total strength of the regiment was fifty-four officers and 
1,950 enlisted men. 

Hardly had the regiment become settled in its new camp when 
training began in accordance with new drill schedules, which called for 
exercises in the forenoon and afternoon of every day except Saturdays, 
when the usual inspections took place, while Sunday was a day of rest. 
The system of training followed was that prescribed in the army text 
books then in force, supplemented by the experience acquired in the 
Mexican border service, and consisted chiefly in close and extended 
order drill, calesthenics, bayonet exercises, guard duty and the work- 
ing out of problems in minor tactics. Guard mount was held daily and 
every third afternoon the regiment marched in parade. As yet no 
manuals .of instruction in modern warfare as developed in the war in 
Europe had been received and no training was obtained at this camp in 
the use and purpose of new weapons, how to conduct trench warfare, 
new attack formations, defense against gas, and the many other and 

22 



AT MOBILIZATION CAMP 

new methods employed in modern warfare, and neither was any of 
the new weapons and equipment received while at Grayling. Not until 
the latter part of our stay here were any pamphlets received upon these 
new subjects and then too late to receive any instructions therein. 
However, what training was done served to put the troops in a fine 
physical condition and made the strenuous training and arduous work 
through which the regiment was yet to pass, easier to do and endure. 
Instruction in musketry was also given and every man was required to 
fire on the rifle range as many shots as the limited rounds of ammu- 
nition available would permit. Also, medical and vermin inspections 
were held weekly and many a boy fondly cherishes the memory of a 
short sojourn on "scrub hill," when he had his meals brought right up to 
his tent and otherwise lived as independent as a king. 

On a Sunday a review of the entire brigade was held for Governor 
Albert E. Sleeper, and after the review the troops assembled before a 
stand, where the Governor of Michigan delivered a memorable address, 
and reminded the troops of the brilliant deeds our forefathers from 
Michigan had performed in our country's defense in previous wars, and 
wished us well. A large number of people from the vicinity and nearby 
towns, as well as relatives and friends of the soldiers, witnessed the 
review. In fact, during our stay at Grayling there were visitors in 
camp every day, being mostly parents and relatives of soldiers who had 
come to see them once more before they were too far away. A few days 
later a new flag was presented to the regiment, with impressive cere- 
monies. The flag was the gift of the Knights of Columbus Lodge of 
Kalamazoo, Michigan, and was presented to the regiment by Rev. Dean 
O'Brien, in well-chosen words expressing most patriotic sentiments. 

During this period a number of lieutenants were detailed from the 
regiment to attend the army schools at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, for a course 
of instruction in the use and operation of the new weapons which had 
come into use in Europe after three years of war. This instruction was 
in charge of officers and non-commissioned officers of the Allied armies 
sent to this country for that purpose. Each officer was given a course 
of instruction in some particular subject or weapon in which he was to 
specialize with the object that when they had completed the course 
prescribed, they would rejoin the regiment and later become regimental 
instructors in these new specialties. The regiment was fortunate in 
having many officers in its personnel with long military service and 
experience, and under their instruction the training progressed rapidly. 
All the field officers and many of the company commanders were vet- 
erans of the Spanish-American War, as well as many enlisted men, and 
all except the recent recruits, had seen service on the Mexican border 

23 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

and the fostering of Esprit de Corps was not overlooked. A spirited, 
but friendly, rivalry existed between the companies and when on parade 
every man was on his toes doing his level best so that his company 
might have the straightest line when passing in review, and any man 
who made a misstep or was out of line on these parades at once became 
the subject of the severest criticism by his comrades. Every man 
learned to be proud of his company or platoon and swore that it was the 
best in the regiment. It was this spirit that made the regiment what it 
was, and which carried it ever forward through the trying days when in 
action. This spirit and Esprit de Corps prevailed throughout the regi- 
ment, from the Colonel down to the lowest private, and every member 
was proud of the regiment. 

Late in August it became known that under orders of July 18, 1917, 
the 32nd Division was to be organized from National Guard troops of 
Michigan and Wisconsin, and that Camp MacArthur, Waco, Texas, was 
to be the southern training camp of the division, having been changed 
to this camp from Houston, Texas, which had been previously desig- 
nated. It was now the first part of September, and as the days passed 
by an undercurrent of suspense pervaded the regiment, with everyone 
anxiously inquiring when we would start on the second lap of our 
journey. But being up here in the northern wilds of Michigan, where 
everything was so quiet and still, the thoughts of war existing had 
almost faded from our memory. Newspapers, usually a day or two 
old, were eagerly scanned for the latest news from the front. The first 
thing looked for was the headlines for news that the war had not 
ceased, but was still going on, for in such a peaceful place as this camp 
site was, one's thoughts could not be associated with the realization of 
war, and many had expressed a fear that the regiment would never get 
out of the State before the war would be over. After being reassured 
that the conflict had not ceased we just dug in harder and took on 
more muscle so as to insure a knockout when the Hun came within our 
reach. The usual camp stories and rumors went the rounds and many 
a boy spent hours going all over camp for a pail of taps, or to borrow 
a few yards of guard line for his corporal, and other similar missions, 
all of which was very mystifying to the recruit, but yet deemed neces- 
sary by the old-timers as part of the soldier's training. 

About this time a stir was caused in camp when word was received 
that the Michigan Ambulance Company, No. 1, was ordered to proceed 
to some unknown place to join and become a part of the 42nd National 
Guard Division, which had been named the Rainbow Division, on 
account of its being composed of organizations of National Guard 
Troops from fifteen different states. This company was the first unit 

24 



CAMP MAC ARTHUR 

to leave Michigan and was soon to be on its way to France. That the 
regiment would move soon became apparent when instructions were 
received at regimental headquarters to detail a company of infantry to 
proceed to Camp MacArthur to prepare the camp site to be occupied by 
the regiment and to guard material, and on September 8th, Company L 
was detailed on this duty and entrained the following day, arriving at 
Waco, Texas, on September 12th. On the 14th orders were issued by 
Brigade Headquarters to the regiment to entrain on the following day. 
Our regiment was the first to leave and every one worked with a will 
to pack up and load the equipment on the cars, which had been placed 
on sidetracks near camp. The next day, on September 15th, the regi- 
ment entrained and started on the second stage of its journey. It took 
three trains to haul the regiment, and the first train, carrying the first 
battalion and regimental headquarters, left camp at noon; the second 
train, carrying the second battalion and supply company, left late in the 
afternoon, and the last train, carrying the 3rd battalion and machine 
gun company, left camp at 10 p. m. 

TRAINING AT WACO 

The rail route followed took the regiment through the city of Kala- 
mazoo, where it was planned to have the regiment parade, but on 
account of poor train service, only the troops on the first two trains 
paraded. The townsmen of Colonel Westnedge turned out in force to 
greet their distinguished soldier and displayed their high esteem for him 
by presenting him with a thoroughbred riding horse. After nearly four 
days and nights of traveling, which took the regiment through the 
states of Illinois, Missouri, Kansas and Oklahoma, it arrived at Camp 
MacArthur on September 19, 1917, rather a little weary after the long 
trip. Major Mathew Hansen, Q. M. C, Michigan National Guard, 
who was one of the first officers to arrive at Camp MacArthur as 
Constructing Quartermaster, had the camp almost completed when we 
arrived. Row upon row of mess halls greeted our eyes, and innumerable 
large warehouses and hospital barracks had been erected, all scattered 
over a field nearly two miles square. The camp site was near the 
northwestern outskirts of the city of Waco and through it all new roads 
had been laid out and constructed. However, there were no barracks 
for the troops and so they immediately became busy and put up the 
old army pyramidal tents, and the small nine-by-nine tents were used 
by the officers. A bath house and latrine had been erected for each 
company. The following day was employed in getting settled and 
cleaning up and advantage was taken of looking over the new camp 
site. The camp was laid out in sort of a square, the north side of which 

25 



HISTOEY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

was set aside for the 63rd Infantry brigade, which included the Mich- 
igan Infantry, and the west side for the 64th Infantry brigade, and the 
Artillery regiments were on the east side. The space in the center was 
the drill field and large enough for all infantry and artillery troops to 
drill at the same time. The other units of the division occupied other 
portions of the camp. The regiment was about the first troops to arrive, 
with the exception of the individual units sent in advance. 

REORGANIZATION OF THE REGIMENT 

Major General James Parker was assigned to the division and he 
assumed command August 26, 1917, and on September 18th, a day 
before our arrival, he left for France on special duty. Brigadier Gen- 
eral William G. Haan, U. S. A., had arrived at camp to assume com- 
mand of the new artillery brigade to be formed, and being the senior 
officer present, he assumed temporary command of the division after 
Major General Parker left. There had also preceded us to this camp 
about one hundred and fifty newly commissioned officers from various 
training camps, and many of these officers were later assigned to the 
regiment and rendered most efficient service, they serving with the 
regiment throughout the war. Brigade headquarters, under General 
Louis C. Covell, had also preceded us and was soon involved in the 
difficult task of working out plans for reorganizing the infantry brigade 
in conformity with the new tables of organization adopted by the War 
Department and which was modeled after the organization adopted by 
the Allies, except that our units were considerably larger. No oppor- 
tunity was had to recruit our companies to 250 men while in Michigan, 
and which was now required. Under this new system the infantry 
brigade consisted of two regiments instead of three and this necessitated 
the breaking up of one Michigan regiment, and the 31st regiment being 
the junior, was broken up, part going to the 32nd regiment, part to the 
33rd, and part of the 119th and 120th machine gun battalions. The 33rd 
regiment was designated the 125th Infantry and the 32nd became the 
126th Infantry, and Colonel Joseph B. Westnedge was assigned to its 
command and accordingly, by general order number one, dated Septem- 
ber 23, 1917, he assumed command of the 126th Infantry, N. G. The new 
order of things called for twelve infantry companies consisting of one 
captain, three first lieutenants and two second lieutenants and 250 men 
each ; one machine gun company of one captain, two first and two second 
lieutenants and 172 men; one headquarters company (a new unit) of 
one captain, three first and two second lieutenants, and 289 men; one 
supply company of one captain and one first lieutenant and 140 men, 

26 



REORGANIZATION 

and a sanitary detachment of four medical officers and 52 men. Regi- 
mental headquarters consisted of one colonel, one lieutenant colonel, one 
regimental adjutant with rank of captain and one chaplain; the enlisted 
personnel were members of the headquarters company. Each battalion 
headquarters consisted of one major and one adjutant with rank of first 
lieutenant; its enlisted personnel was drawn from the headquarters 
company. In reorganizing the regiment, original company organizations 
was preserved, but consolidation was necessary to bring the companies 
to the required strength from the formerly prescribed strength of 150 
men. The second battalion was broken up and distributed among the 
other two battalions. In the first battalion, companies A, B and C 
remained intact and company E of the second battalion became com- 
pany D of the first; the members of old company D, 32nd regiment, 
were consolidated with company C and the other companies of the 
battalion. This still left the battalion short over 250 men. In the third 
battalion companies K and M remained intact; L company became the 
headquarters company, and I company was consolidated with K and M ; 
company F of the old second battalion became company L in the third, 
and company H became company I, and the members of company G 
were consolidated with the new I and L companies. Men were trans- 
ferred from the newly formed companies to the machine gun, head- 
quarters and supply companies to bring them somewhere near their 
required strength. Five companies were transferred to the regiment 
from the 31st Michigan to make up the second battalion. The com- 
panies transferred were G, H, I, L and M; companies G and H re- 
mained intact, while company I became company E, and company L 
became company F. Company M was consolidated with F and E 
companies. All officers were transferred with the companies and in order 
to have the required number of officers all second lieutenants were pro- 
moted to first lieutenants and a little later examination of enlisted men 
for promotion was held and 29 successfully passed and were commis- 
sioned second lieutenants and assigned to the various companies. The 
31st Michigan Infantry did not reach camp until September 29th and 
final reorganization could not be completed until after its arrival. In 
the final windup of the reorganization it was found that the regiment 
was short a number of first and second lieutenants, as well as about 
1,060 enlisted men. The ranks of lieutenants were filled temporarily 
from among the reserve officers who were attached to the regiment. 
Also a surplus of a major and five captains was caused by the new 
change, and these were attached to the regiment until assigned to other 
units where vacancies existed, some of the surplus officers remaining 
with the regiment until long after reaching France. The regiment was 

27 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

divided into three battalions of four infantry companies each, and each 
infantry company was divided into a company headquarters section of 
18 men and four platoons of 58 men each commanded by either a first or 
second lieutenant. Each platoon was divided in squads or groups of 
hand-bombers, chau-chat rifle teams, grenadiers and riflemen. The 
machine gun company was divided into three platoons of six guns each, 
and the headquarters company consisted of a company headquarters 
section, enlisted staff personnel, band section, orderly section, pioneer 
platoon, signal platoon, trench mortar platoon and a one-pound cannon 
platoon; only the two latter platoons were classed as combatant troops. 
The supply company and sanitary detachment were classed as non- 
combatants. With the reorganization thus effected the new 126th 
Infantry, National Guard, was officered as follows: Commander, Col. 
Joseph B. Westnedge; second in command, Lieut. Col. Eli V. R. 
Falardeau; Adjutant, Captain John P. DeRight; Chaplain, Captain 
Patrick R. Dunnigan. First Battalion, Major Jay C. McCullough, 
commander; 1st Lieut. Edward W. Minier, adjutant. Company A, 
Capt. Roscoe L. Graves; Company B, Capt, John Benner; Company C, 
Capt. Robert L. Wright; Company D, Capt. George R. Hogarth. Sec- 
ond Battalion, Major Albert C. Wilson, Ann Arbor; 1st Lieut. Lewis J. 
Armstrong, Detroit, adjutant. Company E, Capt, Arthur Volland, Ann 
Arbor; Company F, Capt, Richard F. Smith, Jackson; Company G, 
Capt. James 0. Cathcart, Detroit; Company H, Capt. Fred W. Beaudry, 
Detroit. Third Battalion, Major Earl R. Stewart, commander; 1st 
Lieut. Walter L. Cornell, Grand Rapids, adjutant. Company I, Capt. 
Charles L. McCormick; Company K, Capt. James Sinke; Company L, 
Capt. George L. Olson; Company M, Capt. Emil B. Gansser. Machine 
gun company, Capt. William Haze; Headquarters company, Capt. Jess 
W. Clark; Supply company, Capt. Walter N. Burgess, and Sanitary 
detachment, Major Ernest G. Lee. 

No change occurred in any of the commands until after the regi- 
ment reached France, with the exception that Lieutenant Colonel Eli 
V. R. Falardeau was relieved, December 28, 1917, from service with the 
regiment on account of physical unfitness for overseas service and was 
replaced by Lieutenant Colonel George C. Waldo, who became a surplus 
officer on the disbandment of the 31st Michigan regiment. This reorgan- 
ization caused days and days of labor on the part of officers and the 
enlisted regimental and company staff, as the records of every officer 
and man in the regiment had to be changed to properly record the 
transfers made and was entirely a matter of paper work, and there was 
a sigh of relief as it was finally completed. 

The training was again taken up the third day after our arrival 

28 



REPLACEMENTS FROM CUSTER 

under drill schedules which had been prepared by General Parker's 
staff, and the first hour consisted of a march with constantly increasing 
cadency which reached one hundred and forty steps per minute during 
the last ten minutes; the remainder of the schedule was a repetition of 
our training at Grayling, and the work continued regardless of the re- 
organization which was going on at the same time. However, this 
schedule was soon changed and intensive training was begun in accord- 
ance with instructions contained in "Infantry Training," which pamph- 
let prescribed a course of sixteen weeks. An infantry school of arms 
was established by the Division and various officers and non-commis- 
sioned officers of the regiment were assigned to this school for training 
in the new infantry specialties, and upon completing their courses they 
returned to the regiment to instruct companies, platoons and squads in 
the use of the new infantry weapons. The course included instruction 
in field fortifications, musketry, bayonet, chau-chat rifle, hand-grenades, 
gas defense, one-pound cannon, trench mortar, machine gun, and topog- 
raphy. The first four weeks' program was completed shortly after the 
reorganization had been effected; the second four weeks' period was 
more intensive than the first period. The companies were on the drill 
field at 7:30 a. m. and drilled until noon. Then from 1:30 until 4.30 
p. m., leaving little time for recreation. This program was only broken 
on Saturday, when inspections were held in the forenoon, while the 
afternoon and Sundays were holidays. During this same period classes 
for instruction in the various infantry specialties were carried on within 
the regiment, which consisted mostly of non-commissioned officers who 
were to instruct the platoons and squads of their companies when they 
completed their courses. 

REPLACEMENTS FROM CUSTER 

After the reorganization it was found that the Division was short 
several thousand men of its required strength and during the latter part 
of October the first batch of replacements arrived from Camp Custer, 
and about a thousand of these men were assigned to the regiment. A 
large number of these men were foreign born, some of whom could not 
speak our language, and many were aliens of enemy countries. Some 
men were transferred to our Division while patients in the hospital at 
Camp Custer and many others were physically unfit for overseas ser- 
vice or even any other kind of service. Some had applied for exemption 
on valid grounds and their cases were known to the authorities at Camp 
Custer to be pending and they should have been discharged there. Little 
regard was shown by the authorities in charge at Custer for the boy 
physically unfit, or the man with a family of children, who found him- 

29 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

self drafted and taken into the grip of a machine which was incapable 
of differentiation in its rough treatment of humanity. For instance, one 
man had a wife and three small children ; he reported to his draft board 
and not knowing the language, he did not understand his rights for 
exemption and when he learned he was drafted he sought advice and 
made application for exemption and while this was pending he was sent 
to Camp Custer and, in spite of his pending application, the granting 
of which was evident, he was transferred to Camp MacArthur, where 
he was later discharged. Another man had a broken leg which had never 
properly healed or functioned and he was a chronic hospital case and 
was in the hospital at Custer when transferred ; he was later discharged 
for his disability. There were innumerable other cases of a similar char- 
acter but their mention here is not deemed necessary. In one company 
alone nine of these men were alien enemies, most of whom were later 
interned. Their cases should have been disposed of at Custer. Nearly 
twenty per cent of the men received from Camp Custer were discharged 
at Waco mostly for physical disability and they were returned to Mich- 
igan at an expense of seven cents a mile, an inexcusable waste of public 
funds. It seems as if the authorities in charge at Camp Custer had 
purposely sent us all the cripples they could muster, which was later 
admitted by officers who were at Custer at the time; the officials there 
must have known that our Division would see actual fighting before 
their troops could be ready and that the task of giving each man the 
consideration his case deserved at this time would consume much of the 
limited time at our disposal for preparing ourselves for the ordeal of 
battle. It looked like a case of the old army game of "passing the 
buck," but it seems incredable that so little regard could be shown for 
individuals and we are rather inclined to accept the more charitable 
view that efficiency at Custer was at fault. Those replacements who 
were found physically fit and remained with the regiment soon absorbed 
the spirit and esprit de corps prevailing in the regiment, and under the 
superior training received with our troops, they developed into most 
excellent soldiers and many were promoted or decorated for heroism 
in action. After the weeding out process was completed, the regiment 
was still short over two hundred men. Later, in November, another 
batch of replacements was received from Camp Custer, and what was 
said regarding the first batch can be said of this second batch; however, 
there was a sufficient number found fit so that the regiment, for the 
time being, had its required strength of 3,652 enlisted men. 

It should be remembered that our regiment was not housed in 
barracks like at National Army camps, but that they lived under canvas 
during the entire period at Camp MacArthur. At the head of each 

30 



TRAINING AT WACO 

company street was a mess hall large enough to accommodate 250 men 
at one time ; in the forward end a kitchen and refrigerator rooms were 
installed. A row of thirty-three pyramidal tents extended from the mess 
halls, and a short distance from the end of this row a bath house was 
installed. As our stay here would take us into the winter months, 
floors were issued for each tent and a sufficient amount of lumber to 
build a frame and sidewalls three feet high. In order to make the 
quarters more comfortable, additional lumber was bought from com- 
pany funds to build a frame to support the tents without a center pole 
and to increase the height of the sidewalls to five feet, and a tight- 
fitting door was also installed with a device for adequate ventilation. 
This work was completed in November and stoves for each tent were 
issued and every man had a cot and every tent was equipped with an 
electric light, so that, after all, the men were very comfortably situated. 
The officers likewise built small huts for themselves. 

Toward the latter part of November the second four weeks' train- 
ing period was completed and work under new schedules for the third 
training period was taken up. This period included instruction in the 
new infantry weapons and specialties for all troops. The platoons were 
organized into squads and teams to specialize in the new weapons and 
these were given special instructions in the praticular specialty for each. 
New attack formations were taught to bring these new weapons into 
play and were the same as those employed on the battlefields of France. 
The platoon was divided into two sections with each specialty function- 
ing in harmony with the others. The new formations used varied con- 
siderably from our old tactics in extended order, and provided for a 
much greater interval between men and for greater dispositions in 
depth. Every man was given the new instruction in bayonet work and 
target practice on the rifle range, which had just been completed. The 
mechanism of hand-grenades and how to use them was explained and 
all practiced how to throw them in accordance with the method used 
by the French. A certain number of gas masks were available for in- 
struction purposes and every man passed through the gas chamber 
wearing a mask, a small building being used for this purpose, and with 
the doors and windows closed the building was filled with deadly gas 
fumes. Part of the instruction included digging trenches and a trench 
system was constructed about three miles from camp. This was done 
by battalions according to an arranged schedule, each battalion work- 
ing a day at a time. This training was taken up vigorously by every- 
one, the men seeming to realize fully the seriousness of the task they 
were preparing for. The results of this intensive training was soon 
apparent, and the "sick lists" kept dwindling from day to day, until 

31 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

sick call was made up almost entirely of men who would sooner or later 
be transferred to the casuals for physical unfitness. Another feature of 
the training for this period consisted of marching; drilling on Wednes- 
day afternoons was dispensed with and instead night marches of about 
nine miles with full packs was made by battalions. These marches 
were made over the roads outside of camp and usually conducted in 
strict silence ; the purpose of this instruction was to accustom the troops 
to marching at night, which was the usual thing in the war zone, as we 
later learned from experience. The schedule also called for a four- 
hour march with full packs every Saturday forenoon and the usual 
inspections were held in the afternoon. The training of the entire divi- 
sion was closely watched and observed by the Division Commander, 
Brigadier General Wm. G. Haan, and in order to better see the progress 
being made, he reviewed the Division on several occasions and after 
the review he announced in orders the troops making the best appear- 
ance, which honors a majority of the times went to one or the other of 
the battalions of our regiment, our strongest competitor being the 125th 
Infantry, and the contest between these two regiments for the coveted 
honors was always spirited. 

This training surely was a severe test on one's physical endurance 
and one physical examination after another was held, weeding out those 
who could not withstand the contemplated hardships of the service on 
which the regiment had started, taking from us a number of officers who 
had spent many years with the National Guard — officers who had 
proven themselves up to every standard of gentlemen, soldiers and 
officers, with the one exception of physical fitness which had come upon 
them since joining the service. After all these rigid examinations it was 
believed that the officers and men who successfully passed all required 
examinations were perfect specimens of physical manhood. As time 
went on the results of the thorough training became more apparent 
daily. The drills and marches were executed in almost perfect unison 
and rhythm and with clocklike precision; the companies maneuvered 
like one machine. Accordingly, a composite battalion of the regiment 
was selected to give an exhibition drill in the Butt's Manual under the 
direction of Major Earl R. Stewart as a feature of the noted Waco 
Cotton Palace Fair, October 4th to 18th, 1917. The exhibition was 
received with enthusiasm by the thousands of spectators, and won for 
the 126th Infantry a name of respect with the people of Waco and 
vicinity. In fact, the people of this city followed the doings of the 
Division in France with great interest and took as much pride in its 
achievements as the folks in Michigan and Wisconsin. The regimental 
band also helped during the fair to win fame and favor for the regi- 

32 



TRAINING AT WACO 

ment. No band in the Division played any better and when they played 
"Hiram Walker" every officer and man in the regiment was on his toes 
with the same alacrity with which he came to "Attention" at the first 
note of "The Star-Spangled Banner." 

With all the hours spent in intensive training there was still some 
time given over to athletics. The football season brought forth a great 
deal of enthusiasm and a regimental team was formed which included 
a number of the players of the former team which won the champion- 
ship during the Mexican border service and the team easily defeated all 
other regimental teams. After a short time a 32nd Division team was 
organized and the regimental team was broken up due to the fact that 
most of the players had been drafted into the Division team, and their 
hours for practice left no time for regimental team practice. However, 
before the team was broken up a game was played between the Divi- 
sion and Regimental teams which resulted in a tie without either team 
scoring, which was the only time the Division team was unable to 
score on its opponents. With the added strength, the Division team 
finished its schedule by winning all its games with teams representing 
other soldier camps. 

Toward the latter part of December the fourth phase of the 
"Infantry Training Schedule" was begun. The holiday season saw no 
let up in the intensive training, except that Christmas and New Year's 
day were holidays, and the training was carried on as before. During 
the entire four months' stay at Camp MacArthur only four days of 
drill were lost on account of inclement weather. One of these was be- 
cause of rain, and one because of an unusual snow storm for this part 
of Texas called a "Texas Norther;" the other two occasions were caused 
by terrific wind storms which carried the light soil in clouds and caused 
large drifts of dirt to form and we were reminded of the sand storms of 
the western Texas region around El Paso. Also the mud had a similar 
tendency to become slippery and stick to the feet in large clods when- 
ever it rained; this soil was known as "gumbo mud." A portion of the 
fourth phase of the training period included practice in making a trench 
relief; that is, how to relieve troops holding front line trenches by fresh 
troops. This training was performed by the regiment just before the 
holidays, and each battalion did a twenty-four-hour trick in the Bos- 
queville trench sector. Elaborate orders were previously prepared 
which provided for every detail of the march and for making the relief, 
and the battalion marched to a given point where guides were met and 
the different platoons led to their several positions. Every phase of this 
duty as carried on in France was simulated as near as possible, except 
that the relief was carried out in daylight instead of at night. Later on, 

33 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

however, this phase of the training was carried on at night. On Janu- 
ary 5th, the entire regiment, with the exception of the Machine Gun 
Company, began a two-days' tour of trench duty. Regimental head- 
quarters and the headquarters company preceded the regiment and 
established headquarters by 4:00 p. m. Saturday. At dark the battalions 
began the march from camp, each battalion and company moving out 
on the minute prescribed in the orders and marched in single file with 
fifty yards interval between companies and 25 yards between platoons, 
and took over the entire trench system from the 125th Infantry. The 
1st and 2nd battalions were in the advance and took over the front 
line; the 3rd battalion was to be in support but secret orders were 
issued to this battalion and instead it occupied a trench system opposite 
the other battalions and unknown to them, and for the purpose of 
obtaining some idea of real conditions, the 3rd battalion staged a sur- 
prise trench raid during the night against the other battalions. Accord- 
ingly, at 2:30 a. m., the enemy raiding party went over the top and 
across No Man's Land and reached the opposite trenches before they 
were detected and then, with the use of rockets and improvised bombs, 
an exciting little battle followed which developed into a real scrap, so 
earnest were the boys in their work. The raiders having secured a few 
prisoners, returned to their trenches with the booty but almost lost their 
own commander who was saved by several of his men pulling him away 
from the enemy. The raiders made their escape just in time, as the 
noise woke up the whole command and reinforcements were rushed to 
the aid of the raided. Excitement of the greatest intensity prevailed 
for a time, but outside of a few black eyes, gory noses and sprained 
ankles, the casualties were negligible and no one went to the hospital. 
This little maneuver had a tendency to make the troops on both sides 
more vigilant and alert, and further raids were not attempted on 
account of the vigilance of the sentries. At midnight on Monday the 
regiment was relieved by the 127th Infantry and returned to camp. 

During the latter part of November and early in December, the 
entire Division was inspected by officers representing the General Staff 
at Washington, who were making a tour of inspection of all Divisions 
training in southern camps to determine the order in which they were 
to be sent to France, and it was said that the Division making the best 
showing on this tour of inspection would be the first to go. Nothing 
was heard from this inspection and toward the latter part of December 
rumors invaded the camp spreading the information that the 33rd Divi- 
sion, composed of Illinois National Guard troops and training at Hous- 
ton, Texas, had orders to proceed to a port of embarkation about Janu- 
ary 1st, and that it was receiving complete equipment for overseas 

34 



LEAVING CAMP MACARTHUR 

service. Again the skeptics came to the front and prophesied that we 
would never see France. About this time the news of the results of the 
inspections was received in camp, which reported our Division as the 
most advanced in its training and more completely equipped than any 
other division in the United States. It is needless to say that everyone 
felt very proud of this report and rejoiced still more when notice was 
given that we would be sent to France at the earliest practicable date. 
About this time Brig. Gen. William G. Haan was placed permanently in 
command of the Division, which was very pleasing to the entire Divi- 
sion, as officers and men alike had learned to love and respect him. 
He appeared daily upon the drill field and watched the progress made 
and the success of the Division in its training is largely due to his tact- 
ful command and supervision. Being a National Guard unit, some 
doubt existed as to how the troops would fare under the command of a 
Regular Army officer, but General Haan soon dispelled this doubt and 
gained the utmost confidence of every soldier in the Division. He was 
a true soldier and a man of sound judgment and much common sense, 
and his troops were justly proud of him, and his subsequent promotion 
to the rank of Major General was as gratifying to the Division as it 
must have been to him. 

MOVEMENT TO PORT OF EMBARKATION 

After the holidays the training continued without any let up and 
the weather was very cold. There were frequent flurries of snow, which 
usually disappeared by mid-day, but on one occasion the snow re- 
mained for three days and a thick ice formed, causing considerable dif- 
ficulty in keeping the pipes in the bath houses from freezing, as the 
boys used the showers daily. Early in the month the word was passed 
out that the Division had received orders to move to a Port of Embarka- 
tion, and we did not learn until shortly before leaving that we were to 
go to the embarkation port at Hoboken, N. J. An advance party, made 
up of officers from the various units in the Division, left Waco the latter 
part of December. In this party was Lieut. Col. George C. Waldo and 
1st Lieut. Edward W. Minier of the 126th Infantry. Their mission was 
to precede the regiment to France and to arrange for the billeting of the 
regiment in the area assigned to it. On January 2nd, the first troops 
left Waco. Of the Infantry, the 125th regiment was the first scheduled 
to leave and they began leaving Waco January 15th. The following 
day the regiment practiced rolling packs so that all would be uniformly 
rolled; also all equipment that was not to be taken on the journey was 
collected and turned in. This included the stoves, and as the weather 
was freezing, living in tents was rather uncomfortable. By January 

35 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

17th the 125th Infantry had left Waco, so on the following day, January 
18th, the regiment began leaving Camp MacArthur for the third lap 
of its journey to France. It required seven train sections to move the 
entire regiment and these sections were routed over different roads 
enroute to Camp Merritt, N. J. Regimental headquarters, the head- 
quarters and machine gun companies and the 1st battalion left Waco 
on the 18th, and the 2nd battalion and supply company left on the 
19th, and on Sunday, January 20th, the 3rd battalion left Waco. Some 
extremely cold weather was encountered by most of the trains which 
made it necessary to make frequent and long stops to thaw out the 
steam pipes on the trains, but finally on Saturday, January 26th, the 
entire regiment had arrived at their new camp and were comfortably 
housed in well-heated barracks. One soldier contracted a case of 
measles the last day on the train, with the result that his company 
was placed under quarantine as soon as it arrived. The balance of the 
day was spent in getting located in the new quarters, and as the bath 
houses afforded both hot and cold water, due advantage was taken of 
this luxury and after a good hot meal and with spring cots and mat- 
tresses, everyone turned in early and had a good night's rest. 





WINTER SCENE IN WACO 



36 



CHAPTER III 

STAY AT PORT OF EMBARKATION AND TRANSPORTATION 
OF REGIMENT OVERSEAS 



CAMP MERRITT 

CAMP MERRITT was situated about fifteen miles from Times 
Square, New York City, and near the suburban town of Dumont, 
N. J. This camp was established for the purpose of housing 
troops assigned for embarkation through the port of Hoboken, and the 
accommodations provided were the best we had up to this time, but 
the food furnished was not so good. Some complaints were heard in the 
treatment accorded the troops by the authorities in charge but such as 
there was were thrust aside with the thought that those responsible had 
not yet measured up to the big task ahead of Uncle Sam. During prac- 
tically the entire three weeks of our stay here the weather was beastly 
cold and the thermometer hovered around zero most of the time, so 
further drilling and training was dispensed with. After the long railroad 
journey some exercise was essential to keep in condition and so the 
forenoons were devoted to taking hikes of six to ten miles over the many 
roads which existed in these parts. After plodding through deep snow, 
with ice underneath, the men returned to their barracks with ruddy 
cheeks and a ravenous appetite. While these hikes were strenuous, 
they were also very interesting. These roads were as old as the United 
States itself, and as we marched along and surveyed the landscape, the 
rolling hills and the woods covered with snow, our thoughts were carried 
back to the days of Washington and his army during the days of the 
Revolution. The hike to the Pallisades, on the shores of the Hudson, 
was especially interesting and the sight of the beautiful scenery, even in 
winter time, more than repaid us for our effort. 

The afternoons were usually devoted to inspections of quarters and 
equipment, and also to schools in tactics and the French language, 
although the boys made nowhere near the progress in the latter subject 
that they did when parleying with the mademoiselles in France. The 
regiment underwent a siege of measles, scarlet fever and mumps, and, 
in fact, there was more sickness in its ranks of this kind than at either 
Grayling or Camp MacArthur, and this necessitated most of the com- 

37 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

panies to be in quarantine a good share of the time and the opportunity 
to visit the metropolis, which every soldier desired to see, was denied 
to many, and neither were the camp authorities very liberal with passes. 
The only entertainment in camp was that provided by the Y. M. C. A., 
which organization had two excellent huts and they were freely visited 
and very much appreciated. A mail censorship existed during our stay 
at Camp Merritt and no one was permitted to mention or write of our 
location, and also the camp was guarded by a line of sentries and no 
one was permitted to enter without a pass from Camp Headquarters. 
The visitors from home were few, and while some of the folks knew that 
we were scheduled to sail for overseas in a brief time, not a newspaper 
in Michigan or elsewhere published the fact, as our movements were now 
under strict secret orders. While at Camp Merritt, news was received 
of the sinking of the American transport Tuscania by an enemy sub- 
marine, on February 5th, and that thirteen men of the 107th Sanitary 
Train, 32nd Division, had lost their lives, they being the division's first 
war casualties. While the troops were eager to go to France to avenge 
the outrages upon civilization, this news made them more eager than 
ever. 

New clothing, gas masks and arms were issued to the regiment and 
every man was completely equipped for overseas service. Every officer 
had, by order, supplied himself from his own means with enough equip- 
ment to last for an indefinite war. Someone in authority, with a mind 
for elaborate detail and foresight, had somehow acquired knowledge, 
either by instinct or subterranean sources, that all this equipment would 
be necessary and must have labored under the impression that troops 
would go over the top with trunks and at nightfall open their ward- 
robes and enjoy the luxury of garrison life. The order called for white 
collars and cuffs and other similar useless articles of like kind, and how 
combat officers were going to fight with this regalia was a problem to 
them. Perhaps they had a wrong idea of war, and believed this was to 
be a pink tea affair after all. Whatever thoughts they may have had, 
the order governed and there was nothing to do but comply. When 
France was reached, the officers soon learned that a good proportion of 
this elaborate equipment was by order prohibited to be worn in the 
A. E. F. by combat troops, and they were carefully packed away and 
stored, and in many cases never seen again. 

About February 10th, the 125th Infantry had embarked and, 
toward the middle of the month, orders were received to complete appli- 
cations for war risk insurance, to prepare sailing lists and pack barrack 
bags, all of which signified that we would receive sailing orders very 
soon, and at last the order to embark was received. The long days of 

38 



BOARDING THE "PRESIDENT GRANT" 

preparation were over and a long, heavy sigh was cast and all con- 
cerned were heartily glad that the time had come for the regiment to 
move. The long wait at Camp Merritt, with its close confinement, had 
wearied the regiment and the order to embark caused a feeling of joy 
and relief to possess everyone. On Friday, February 15, 1918, an order 
was received designating Colonel Joseph B. Westnedge, Commanding 
Officer of the 126th Infantry, as Commander of Troops aboard the trans- 
port which was to take the regiment to the other side of the Atlantic. 
It was necessary to establish troop headquarters aboard ship in advance 
and Colonel Westnedge, Captain John P. DeRight, Regimental Adju- 
tant, and Regimental Sergeant Major John W. Kramb proceeded to the 
port of embarkation at Hoboken, N. J., on the above date and arrived 
aboard the U. S. S. President Grant at 11 : 00 a. m. An "advance party," 
consisting of one officer from each battalion, one officer, four non- 
commissioned officers and eight privates from each company boarded 
the ship about the same time. When Colonel W T estnedge was designated 
as troop commander aboard ship, Major Earl R. Stewart assumed com- 
mand of the 126th Infantry enroute, with 1st Lieut. Walter L. Cornell 
as acting adjutant. 

BOARDING THE U. S. TRANSPORT "PRESIDENT GRANT" 

On Saturday, February 16th, the regiment marched from camp to 
Dumont, N. J., where they entrained by battalions; baggage and 
barrack bags were hauled to the trains by trucks. The trains left 
Dumont at scheduled hours for Hoboken, where the troops unloaded 
and marched through the principal streets of the city under the eyes of 
the inhabitants, who were mostly of German extraction, to the pier of 
the Hamburg-American Steamship Company, where a short wait was 
made before boarding ship, and while the troops were waiting the Red 
Cross ladies served hot coffee and buns to them. The last troops of the 
regiment went aboard the President Grant at 3:00 p. m., and as each 
man went up the gang plank he received the number of his berth. 

Shortly before the regiment left Camp Merritt, all men sick in 
hospital and unable to travel, were transferred to the various hospitals 
and dropped from the rolls and, unfortunately, some platoons in sev- 
eral of the companies were held in quarantine and these had to be left 
behind, and when the regiment boarded the transport its strength had 
dwindled to 99 officers and 2,836 enlisted men. During the day other 
troops came aboard our ship as follows: The 107th Trench Mortar 
Battery of 3 officers and 175 enlisted men; the 107th Sanitary Train, 
composed of Field Hospital Companies Nos. 127 and 128, with 10 
officers and 147 enlisted men (these organizations were units of the 

39 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

32nd Division) ; a Metrological Service Battalion, with 2 officers and 50 
enlisted men; Headquarters Detachment, A. E. F., consisting of 4 officers 
and 356 enlisted men; 509th Engineers, Service Battalion, with 17 
officers (white), 101 non-commissioned officers (white) and 798 privates 
(colored) ; 8 casual officers and 27 husky army field clerks, which made 
the total number of troops aboard 143 officers and 4,463 enlisted men, 
and the officers and crew of the ship brought the total number of persons 
aboard over 5,300. 

The President Grant was a semi-passenger and freight vessel and 
was one of the largest ships used by the government in transporting 
troops and supplies to France. It was formerly the property of the 
Hamburg-American Steamship Company, a German corporation, and 
at the outbreak of the war it was interned at its docks in Hoboken and 
later, when the United States entered the war, it was taken over by our 
government and put in the transport service. As soon as the troops 
came aboard they were assigned to their sections and after all were 
located in their new quarters a survey was made of the ship which 
was to be our home for the next three weeks, and as no one was allowed 
to go ashore, we began to realize that we had left out native soil and 
naturally we began to meditate over our present situation. Going to 
France was no longer a dream — it was now becoming an actual reality 
and the war assumed a more personal aspect. It is doubtful if any 
regiment ever boarded a transport bound for a battlefield four thou- 
sand miles away with a greater degree of confidence than the 126th 
Infantry. A large percentage of the outfit had seen more or less service 
in the National Guard and had the first nervousness of soldiers worn off 
before they embarked, and yet there was not that feeling of battle-worn 
veterans ; it was more that of seasoned hopefuls, anxious to engage in a 
struggle they all felt themselves to be equal to. The regiment knew its 
Colonel, and had that confidence in him that later reflected so much 
of true soldierly quality and glory on him and on themselves. The men 
knew their immediate officers, and that from almost boyhood, and in 
them recognized qualities they would be willing to follow and if neces- 
sary sacrifice their lives for. They knew each other and felt that their 
spirits were of closer kin than is customary in any other outfit save that 
one which comes from free spirit and from long acquaintance. They 
loved their homes and those who lived close to their hearts, but each 
knew he could not love those dear ones half so much did he not also love 
the honor of his country. To spur them on, they had the solid support 
of those who remained behind; those at home knew that some would not 
return and if much can be said for the men of the 126th Infantry for 
their valor, courage and devotion to country, as much can be said for 

40 



ON THE TRANSPORT 

the parents, wives and sweethearts who, in their true American loyalty, 
sent them on their way, realizing that such a parting is truly the 
sweetest sorrow. 

The men spent the remainder of the day promenading the decks of 
the ship and gazing in wonderment at the imposing skyline of New 
York's skyscrapers, and the constant shipping activity in the harbor, 
and on the river Hudson, until late into the night, when all retired to 
their bunks for the first night's sleep on an ocean liner. Bunks in tiers 
three high, for the sleeping quarters of the troops, had been erected in 
every available space on the two decks below the main deck, while the 
hold below was set aside for baggage and freight, which was being loaded 
on the ship. The next day, Sunday, was a repetition of the previous 
afternoon and the deck of the ship resembled a kakhi-colored blanket. 
A short distance away from the pier was the Jersey terminal of some 
Hudson River ferry lines to Manhattan, and the ferry boats were con- 
stantly crossing back and forth in plain view, and each time crowded 
with passengers who bid us farewell by the waving of arms, hats and 
handkerchiefs, which greetings were returned by our men. It was no 
secret to these people that this particular boat was loaded with Amer- 
ican troops preparatory to sailing for overseas. Shortly after noon the 
loading of baggage and freight was completed and at 3 o'clock in the 
afternoon a small tug pulled us out of the slip and into the center of the 
river, where the ship proceeded under its own steam out into New York 
bay. As soon as the ship began to move away from its pier all troops 
were ordered below decks and as we passed down the river not a soldier 
appeared anywhere on the decks, the only sign of life being the blue- 
jackets. This was in line with the secrecy surrounding troop movements 
and, of course, we did not see anything of New York on our trip down 
the river. Arriving in the bay, the ship dropped anchor several miles 
from shore and the freedom of the decks was again permitted. Several 
other transports and one U. S. cruiser were also anchored here and were 
to be a part of our convoy. All of them were painted in every con- 
ceivable fashion and color to camouflage their appearance and make it 
more difficult for submarines to recognize them. This was also true 
of nearly every ship which passed up and down the bay, and the various 
schemes of camouflage was a source of interest and amusement. The 
following morning a heavy mist overhung the bay, which cleared some 
by noon, and enabled us to see the "Statue of Liberty" in the distance. 
Its outline was barely visible, but every one strained their eyes and 
gazed long and wistfully at it and wondered if they would ever see it 
again. Somehow this statue now took on a different and more serious 
significance to us than ever before; it appeared like the last thread 

41 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

which tied us to our native land and homes, and this was soon to be 
broken, as that night, Monday, February 18, 1918, at 11:45 p. m., 
anchors were lifted and the transport began to move out to sea and we 
were once more on our way over there, this being the fourth lap of our 
journey. The three-mile boundary limit was not passed until after mid- 
night and so our foreign service dates from February 19, 1918. 

Upon arising next morning, we found to our surprise that we were 
well out to sea and land was nowhere in sight. We also discovered, for 
the first time, the ships which made up our convoy. These were the 
transports Covington, Manchuria, Pastores, Susquehanna, El Sol, and 
our own transport. The U. S. cruiser Huntington was the only escort 
for the convoy, and it was to accompany the convoy across the Atlantic 
as far as the danger zone. Its mission was not so much to protect the 
convoy from submarines, but more especially to protect it from any 
surface German raider that might be roaming the high seas. The ships 
were a miscellaneous group, some looking like rusty old trampers, while 
others were up-to-date liners. The disparity was just as great as to 
size, the smallest ship being a two-thousand ton vessel, while the 
Covington and President Grant were ships of over twenty-thousand 
tons. The speed of the convoy was regulated by the speed of the 
slowest ship, and as our transport was about the slowest, we did not 
make more than nine to ten knots an hour during the entire trip. The 
convoy sailed in two lines, each line consisting of three ships abreast of 
each other and about one-half mile apart, and about a half-mile be- 
tween lines. 

LIFE ON BOARD THE TRANSPORT 

A rough sea was encountered on this, our first day out, and many 
men succumbed to a touch of seasickness before night and the number 
increased the following day when the waves still continued to roll 
unabated, causing our ship, which was heavily loaded, to pitch about in 
an uncomfortable manner. But regardless of the seasickness, everyone 
had to take some training for coping with the submarine, as someone 
conceived the notion that we might become one of their victims, and so 
we must indulge in a game called "Abandon ship drill." It might be 
said in all fairness that there were some aboard who by this time 
arrived at that point of human happiness when they did not care if the 
ship was torpedoed, and if they could not get off the ship and walk, 
they preferred to stick to their bunks. In fact, life had lost all charms 
for them. We had the first of the "Abandon ship drills" the very first 
day out. First of all, every officer and man was issued a life belt, which 

42 



LIFE ON BOARD TRANSPORT 

he had to wear at all times when away from his bunk. Life boats were 
assigned to certain groups, each under an officer. There were not 
enough of these boats and more than half the troops were assigned to 
rafts, each set of rafts being under an infantry officer. The drill con- 
sisted in each group going to its station when the siren rang. When 
assembled, roll was called, and after about fifteen minutes standing to, 
the boatswain's mate hornpiped us down and the drill was over. This 
drill seemed merely a trifle to us, but later we found that this little drill 
could be done at any time of the day or night, for after the fifth day 
out the alarm for "Abandon ship" was sounded every morning before 
daylight, and we stood at our stations until daylight, and every evening 
as soon as it started to get dark the alarm sounded. Suffice to say that 
none of us fell in love with the early morning drill but as someone in- 
sisted on sounding the alarm every morning we had something to look 
forward to. There were also other orders and regulations to which we 
had to accustom ourselves, which were prescribed as further measures 
of safety. All transports maintained a system of lookouts for sighting 
submarines. On our transport sentry boxes were erected in various parts 
of the ship, which were connected with the bridge by telephones. The 
lookouts were selected from among the sergeants of the regiment and 
they worked in pairs; the lookouts in each sentry box had a definite 
sector of the horizon and surface of the sea for observation, with instruc- 
tions to keep these under close observation all the time, no matter what 
may be going on in any other sector. Each lookout was furnished with 
field glasses and the tour of watch was limited to an hour at a time. 
One of the forward masts contained a basket for a lookout station and 
the lookouts for this station were selected from among the lieutenants 
of the regiment, among whom their sprung a spirited contest for the 
honor to be assigned to this duty. Experience had shown that the most 
dangerous time for submarine attack was at break of day and just before 
sunset, and the lookouts were instructed to keep a sharp lookout and to 
report quickly any unusual occurrence, as the safety of the ship de- 
pended upon quick maneuvering as soon as a periscope, or the track of 
an approaching torpedo is sighted. 

Other rules prohibited smoking on decks between sunset and sun- 
rise, and officers only were allowed to carry matches and none were per- 
mitted to light a match on an open deck after sunset. All lights were 
extinguished at sunset, except lights in places that could not be seen 
from the outside, and the sailing at night was made in utter darkness. 
By Thursday morning the sea had moderated considerably and almost 
a calm prevailed; also, the weather had changed and it was much 
warmer. This we found was due to the course we took after leaving 

43 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

New York, which was southeast, and we had now arrived in the Gulf 
Stream and were sailing due east. This was known as the southern 
course and our latitude was practically that of Madrid, Spain. But few 
vessels were met on this course and the first one sighted was a French 
steamer with the most weird camouflage seen so far, and as it was headed 
for the United States, many men cast longing glances after her. The 
following morning, which was Saturday, February 23rd, two more trans- 
ports caught up with us and joined the convoy. They were the George 
Washington and the De Kalb. The first ship was almost a sister ship 
of the Covington. It was a little larger and had excellent quarters and 
staterooms, so we were informed. Our Division Commander, General 
Haan, was aboard with other troops of our division. Later this trans- 
port was used by President Woodrow Wilson on his two trips to France. 
The other transport excited our curiosity, as she was none other than the 
famous German raider Prince Eitel Friedrich, which made such a re- 
markable record and one day appeared in Newport News, where it was 
interned. She looked to be built for speed and it was claimed she was 
capable of making thirty knots per hour. With the arrival of these 
two vessels, the order of formation of the convoy was changed and the 
four speediest boats, the George Washington, Covington, De Kalb and 
Pastores, were placed in the first line and the remainder of the ships 
were in the second line. The cruiser Huntington lead the column. Our 
convoy now consisted of eight transports with about 17,000 troops, all 
on the three larger ships. This was the largest convoy sent across the 
Atlantic up to this time. The meals served were quite up to the stand- 
ard. The officers were served three times a day in the ship officers' 
wardroom, and the enlisted men were served a late breakfast and a late 
dinner in the mess halls below the main deck. The food was well 
cooked and each man had all he desired. The work of feeding the large 
number of men aboard was quite a problem and was well done; some 
balancing and juggling was necessary to keep one's food on the army 
meat can when the ship was rolling, especially when slum was served. 
For entertainment, the band played during the afternoon; and in the 
evening, moving pictures were shown in the mess halls and music was 
furnished by the band. 

SUBMARINE SCARE 

On the eighth day out, the convoy almost stopped still, and as 
the ships floated lazily in a calm sea for about four hours, the various 
gun crews engaged in a little target practice, which elicited consider- 
able interest on the part of the troops. While it was not known to us 
why the convoy stopped, it was surmised that it was part of the Navy 

44 



SUBMARINE SCARE 

plan for transporting troops and done to deceive some waiting sub- 
marine which may have information of the convoy, its rate of progress 
and course, and selecting a point from which it could attack it. At 
4 o'clock in the afternoon of Friday, March 1st, while the regimental 
band was giving one of its daily concerts on deck, the boom of a gun 
was heard coming from the cruiser, which at the same time blew its 
whistle and immediately followed by more cannon fire and the shrill 
shriek of the siren sounded, followed by the sounding of the alarm on 
our ship. This happened so quickly and without warning that every 
one was taken by surprise, and as the troops hurried to their abandon 
ship stations, visions of a plunge in the ocean was in everyone's mind. 
Taking an occasional glance at the other ships in the convoy while 
hustling to our stations, told us something was astir, as they scattered in 
different directions with clouds of black smoke pouring from the funnels 
and their guns firing at some object in the water, which could be nothing 
else but the periscope of a dreaded submarine. By the time our ship 
arrived abreast of the object all the other ships had made good their 
escape and were quickly increasing the distance between us, and we 
believed we were to be the victim. As our gun crews were training their 
guns on the object, a close examination revealed it to be a barrel and 
the suspense was lifted, to the great relief of everyone. This incident 
created considerable excitement for a few moments, but excellent dis- 
cipline prevailed and there was no confusion in going to our stations, 
except that some of the colored troops, who were below decks at the 
time, fell on their knees and implored their creator to save them, and 
they had to be brought on deck by force. After remaining at our 
stations some minutes, the boatswain's mate sounded his "canary" and 
the scare was over. This scare had all the elements of reality in it and 
many a soldier aboard will stoutly affirm that a real submarine was 
the cause of it all. This experience revealed another bit of the Navy 
plan against submarine attack, and that was that every ship in the 
convoy in case of attack was to make its own get away as best it can, 
without regard to its sister ships, and no aid would be rendered any 
ship which may be attacked, on the principle that the loss of one ship 
was better than the loss of two or more, which may be the case if the 
more fortunate ones loitered in the vicinity of the submarine. We knew 
from this experience that our ship was too slow to get away, and this 
bit of information was very consoling to us to say the least. It goes 
without saying that this scare made us more alert than ever. 

We were now approaching the danger zone and word was passed 
out that a destroyer fleet would meet us by morning, and sure enough, 
early the next morning the little destroyers were sighted and in a very 

45 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

short time ten of them surrounded the convoy, and a little later four 
more appeared. These little craft were built on long and slender lines 
and in sailing the tempestuous waters of the Bay of Biscay, which we 
were now entering, they fairly jumped from wave to wave, sometimes 
showing daylight beneath their keels, their bows frequently pointing 
skyward, or plunging deeply into heavy seas, and their sides occa- 
sionally plowing along under the foamy waves. They darted hither 
and thither with marvelous speed, and when the sunlight fell upon their 
graceful sides and steel decks, they appeared like brilliant objects upon 
the water and gained the admiration of every doughboy. Their business- 
like appearance gave us all a feeling of security with them as our 
escorts. Upon their arrival the cruiser Huntington left the convoy and 
returned to the United States. During the remainder of the trip, as we 
were now traversing the submarine zone, the convoy sailed in a zig- 
zagged course, every ship changing direction at the same time. 

The next day, March 3rd, we had rough weather with a strong wind 
accompanied by a heavy mist, which continued throughout the night. 
The usual abandon ship drill was held just before daylight and at dusk. 
As we stood at our stations we realized that we were now in the most 
dangerous part of our voyage and, looking down into the cold water, 
which appeared black and uninviting in the darkness, all expressed a 
silent wish that there would be no occasion to take to the life rafts. At 
6 o'clock in the afternoon the convoy split; the George Washington, 
Covington and President Grant, which carried troops, continuing on to 
Brest, while the remainder of the ships which carried only freight, 
headed for St. Nazaire. Six of the destroyers went with the latter 
group and eight continued as our escort. As darkness came on, the 
wind became stronger and it began to rain. The night was so dark that 
the sentries walking their beats along the decks could not see each other 
and frequently collided. Neither could the other ships be seen, although 
they were not over eight hundred yards away, and it seemed as if they 
must become separated in the darkness and mist. Most everyone was 
anxious, and sleep was impossible for many. The usual boat drill, our 
last one, was had just before daylight, and as dawn broke, everyone 
felt relieved and, as it was expected to make port within a few hours, 
we looked anxiously eastward for the sight of land. At about 8 a. m., 
March 4th, fourteen days since we left New York Bay, a lighthouse 
was sighted some twenty miles straight ahead, and as we approached 
nearer, the welcome sight of land could be made out; it was a happy 
moment for us. That we had passed in close proximity to submarines 
on our voyage was known. While we were still two days out, an S. 0. S. 
message was received on board ship from a tanker that had been 

46 



ARRIVAL IN FRANCE 

torpedoed about fifty miles ahead of us, and the course of the convoy 
was changed to go around the spot where the submarine had been. 

ARRIVAL IN FRANCE 

By 10 o'clock we approached the narrow entrance to the channel 
which led to the landlocked harbor of Brest. We were met just out- 
side the entrance by three hydroplanes acting as a patrol in search of 
hidden submarines. A little later the first dirigible airship was seen, 
which was engaged in a similar duty. The ships, in single file, steamed 
up the channel at reduced speed. The tension of the past few days had 
lifted and we again felt at ease and enjoyed the scenery spread out 
before our eyes. Less than twenty days before we were living in 
winter's icy blast and now everything had changed to beautiful spring. 
The hills bordering the channel were green, and patches of new crops 
appeared here and there, and fruit trees were already in bloom. Small 
fishing smacks were heading out to sea to gather the day's catch. Soon 
the town itself came in view and we entered a bay of considerable size 
almost surrounded by land. On the shores of the bay lay the town of 
Brest, with its quaint walls and buildings, which gave it a most pictur- 
esque appearance. The bay was lined with vessels of every description, 
coasting vessels predominating. At exactly 11:30 a. m., March 4, 1918, 
the anchors were dropped in the bay about two miles from the town. 
Our sea voyage over there had come to an end. The customary cour- 
tesies between the army commander of troops and the naval officer 
commanding the ship were extended, as we expected to make land in a 
few hours, but in this we were disappointed. At 2 o'clock in the after- 
noon, anchors were lifted and we were taken inside the breakwater, 
where the ship was made fast to a concrete buoy. Hardly had this 
been done when U. S. army officers came on board, some to take charge 
of the unloading of the ship, and others in connection with different 
branches of the "paper work," so necessary and unending in the army. 
Lighters also began to pull alongside, and very soon the work of unload- 
ing the vast cargo of freight and supplies was under way. This work 
continued uninterruptedly until the task was completed, and it was 
surprising the number of lighters and how much work was actually 
necessary to get the baggage of the troops and the freight out of the 
hold of the ship. Later, when this baggage was received, we discovered 
that the Navy crew had gone through our baggage and helped them- 
selves to what they wanted, and left the contents scattered about the 
hold, which conduct on the part of the crew lessened our estimation of 
them. 

The next morning the American Consul at Brest visited the ship 

47 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

and during the evening representatives of the Y. M. C. A. came aboard 
with French entertainers and gave an entertainment in the mess room. 
During the day 1st Lieut. Ford Gilleo, of Company B, together with 81 
enlisted men, 36 of whom were members of the 126th Infantry, were 
taken from the ship and transferred to the Base Hospital at Brest for 
treatment for various ailments. Some amusement was furnished by 
natives, mostly girls, who rowed out to the ship and asked for pennies 
and cigarettes, holding out their aprons to catch the coins which were 
tossed at them. The regiment did not begin to go ashore until Wednes- 
day, March 6th, when at 7:00 a. m., the Headquarters Company and 
1st Battalion went aboard lighters and were taken to the docks at 
Brest. The 2nd Battalion and sanitary detachment debarked in the 
afternoon and the 3rd Battalion and Machine Gun Company went 
ashore the following morning, March 7th. A. E. F. orders specified that 
after debarking, incoming troops should proceed to the rest camp at 
Brest for a few days before going to their assigned training areas. 
This was not the case with the greater part of the 32nd Division, how- 
ever, as the 125th, which preceded us in France by a week, and the 126th 
and 127th Infantry regiments were assigned as temporary labor troops in 
the Service of Supply known as the S. 0. S., while the 128th Infantry 
and remaining elements of the Division, less the artillery brigade and 
the 107th Engineers, were assigned to the 10th Training Area, When 
the different battalions of the regiment arrived on shore they marched 
direct to waiting trains and after a brief halt, boarded the trains and 
were taken to St. Nazaire. These French trains were a revelation, and 
the locomotive and cars afforded no end of amusement and jokes on 
account of their miniature size as compared to the engines and coaches 
in the United States. The engines are about one-fourth the size of an 
American engine ; the largest box cars are twenty feet long by eight feet 
wide, and each are stenciled with the now familiar phrase, "40 Hommes 
et 8 Cheveaux" (40 men or 8 horses) . Most of the passenger coaches 
are small affairs compared to our Pullmans, and all are divided into 
compartments with side entrances. All the cars have only four wheels. 
While waiting to entrain, one humorous Michigan boy instituted a 
search for the key to wind it up, while the officers were busy preventing 
the boys from purloining the cars for watch-charms or souvenirs. 



48 



CHAPTER IV 

LABORING IN THE SERVICE OF SUPPLY AND TRAINING 

IN FRANCE 

WITH a shrill shriek from the tiny engines, the miniature 
trains pulled out of Brest on the journey to St. Nazaire, 
which lay through the ancient province of Brittany. For 
the first part of the trip the route followed closely the shores of the 
bay, which formed the landlocked harbor of Brest, and ran along 
between hills and through towns and villages where were located many 
plants in which war munitions was being manufactured for the use of 
the armies. The majority of workers in these factories were women, 
dressed in bloomer overalls. At every station they stopped their work 
and gave us a hearty cheer as we passed through. The hills and valleys 
were clothed in the green of new growing crops, and sprouting fruit 
trees dotted the landscape. It was only the first week in March and 
feasting upon this scenery, with memories of the frigid weather in the 
states still fresh in our minds, the country presented a most delightful 
appearance to us. While it rains almost incessantly in France during 
the spring months, it seemed to add to Nature's beauty. The well- 
kept roads appeared like white ribbons against the green background as 
they wound their way through the ever-winding valleys and up and 
down gentle sloping hills. The towns and villages either nestled in the 
valleys or were perched on the top of a hill. These villages were 
mostly inhabited by the farmer population of the country, and con- 
sisted of a cluster of houses grouped together into small communities 
and surrounded by open fields. There were no isolated farm houses, 
like we are accustomed to in the states. The whole scene presented a 
beautiful picture and the difference in the customs of the people exacted 
no end of interest to us, who were seeing a European country for the 
first time. On closer scrutiny we could see that the houses were built 
of stone and cement, with roofs of red or green tile, and some of them 
appeared to be centuries old. The streets were narrow and ran through 
the villages like cow-paths. The quaint dress worn by the natives 
added to the picturesqueness of the scenery. Among the larger towns 
through which we passed were Rennes, Angers and Nantes. 

The journey to St. Nazaire required about eighteen hours, which 
necessitated spending a night on the trains. The soldiers' box car Pull- 

49 




50 



ST. NAZAIRE 

mans were so small that only a few of the men could lie down at a time, 
and the officers' cars were no better; on account of the crowded condi- 
tion, sleep could only be secured while in a sitting position. The four 
trains arrived at St. Nazaire between Thursday morning, March 7th, 
and Friday morning, March 8th, where the troops, stiff and sore after 
the night's ride in a cramped position, unloaded and marched about four 
miles to Camp No. One. This camp was established by the French 
early in the war and was used for housing their Colonial troops while 
in transit to the front. The French barrack buildings were built out of 
wood and without floors, and were old and leaky ; in them two rows of 
wooden bunks were erected three tiers high. Two fairly good "Y" huts 
were also located in camp. 

St. Nazaire was the chief American Supply Base, while Brest was 
the principal port for landing troops for the American Expeditionary 
Forces. The Princess Pat's Regiment of Canadians landed at this camp 
and a regiment of the 41st American Division (National Guard) had 
been here. The 15th New York National Guard Infantry Regiment 
(colored) was here when we arrived. Those mentioned and the 126th 
Infantry were the only American combat troops that passed through 
this camp up to this time, the camp being used mostly to house troops 
of the S. 0. S. and labor battalions working at this base. Fishing and 
coastwise trading was the principal industry of St. Nazaire and when 
we arrived many of the shop windows were boarded up and business 
was about at a standstill. The town itself was beautifully located where 
the "Loire River" emptied into the ocean, and one of the principal 
thoroughfares of the town, the "Rue de la Oceon," ran parallel with 
the ocean front. The early spring crops seemed farther advanced than 
in the vicinity of Brest, and garden vegetables were already being sold 
on the public market. The weather throughout the month of March 
was warm, with little rain, and much like the month of June in the 
States. The waters of the river formed a basin near the heart of the city 
and this was being rapidly converted into a completely equipped harbor, 
with docks and warehouses capable of handling the large quantity of 
supplies for the American Army coming through this port. An Amer- 
ican locomotive assembling plant was located here, and miles of new 
railroad track and switching yards were being constructed. 

The 32nd Division was the sixth division to join the American 
Expeditionary Forces in France, and upon our arrival orders were 
received organizing the First American Army Corps. This corps con- 
sisted of six Divisions, the 1st, 26th, 2nd and 42nd Divisions as combat 
divisions, and the 41st as a training division, and the 32nd Division, 
which was designated a replacement organization for the First Corps. 

51 



HISTORY OF THE 126 th INFANTRY 

The Division functioned as a replacement organization for four weeks, 
during which time nine captains and nearly all the privates 1st class 
and privates of the 128th Infantry Regiment, which had gone to the 
Divisional Training Area near Prouthoy, were assigned to the 1st 
Division as replacements. The other infantry regiments of the Divi- 
sion continued to labor in the S. 0. S'. for four weeks. The day fol- 
lowing our arrival at St. Nazaire, the first work details were drawn from 
the regiment. The 17th Engineer Regiment was in charge of the work 
to be done in and around St. Nazaire, and they were not a bit backward 
about asking for details to help with the work of Americanizing France. 
The men worked in day and night shifts and seven days a week. Sun- 
day was stricken from the calendar as a day of rest. Some of the 
details worked at unloading transports; others worked on new roads, 
new railroad yards and dock facilities. Warehouses were constructed 
at Montoir, and a concrete warehouse four hundred feet long was con- 
structed in two weeks. Before it was jealized, practically the entire 
regiment was on detail, here and there, helping with the work in the 
same spirit as that displayed during the training period at Waco. This 
work assisted in putting the troops through a "hardening process," 
which had become necessary after the trip across the ocean. On March 
11th, a detail of one hundred men took out an animal train to La 
Valdahon, a town near the Switzerland border, and within thirty miles 
of the front. Thereafter many more details were sent to various points 
in France, mostly to guard the supplies being shipped to American 
bases in the interior, from being stolen by the citizens along the route. 
The men on these details returned with a grist of stories of the activity 
going on in the interior of France, and these stories were listened to 
with much interest by those who had not yet got any farther than 
the coast. 

March 20th was the beginning of officers and non-commissioned 
officers going to the various army and corps schools. On this day one 
officer and two sergeants went to the 1st Army Corps School, at Gondre- 
court. Two days later, another officer and nine non-commissioned 
officers went to the Infantry Specialty School, at Langres. March 24th, 
thirty-two non-commissioned officers from the regiment went to Langres 
to attend the Army Candidates School to study for commissions as 
second lieutenants. The following day more officers and non-commis- 
sioned officers were sent to the 1st Army Corps School. Every com- 
pany officer was required to attend one of these army schools, where 
a month of instruction in new formations and the use of new weapons 
was received. The Corps Schools were mainly for the infantry branch 
of the service, and while some of the instruction applied to this branch, 

52 



ST. NAZAIRE 

other instruction did not and was of little account. The instructors 
generally were officers who never had active service at the front and 
their theories were sometimes complexing to the veterans just in from 
the line. One thing we doughboys did learn, however, was that the 
varioys technical branches of the service existed mostly to assist every 
other branch except the infantry and that, when in the line, the 
infantry had to provide its own protection and to construct its own 
trenches, dugouts, camouflage, or the like, and that no aid was to be 
expected from the troops specially trained in these technical branches. 
On the whole the instruction was beneficial, but one month of it suf- 
ficed. These schools were continued during hostilities and long after 
the armistice; officers were detailed every month to attend these schools, 
being taken away from their companies while engaged in battle and 
when they could least be spared, notwithstanding that a great shortage 
in officers always existed in line companies, and when officer instruc- 
tors could have rendered a greater service by being utilized at the 
front where they were so badly needed. Many officers attended two 
or three terms at these schools. If a non-commissioned officer attend- 
ing a candidates school was unfortunate enough to displease one of these 
safety zone Looeys, his chances for a commission was doomed, regard- 
less of his previous good service and record. 

On March 14th, Secretary of War Baker and General Pershing 
visited St. Nazaire and our camp on a tour of inspection. Although our 
band, and an honor guard from the regiment, had marched all the way 
to the station to appropriately meet the distinguished guests and escort 
them to the camp, our guests had not the time for these formalities and 
hurriedly drove to camp by automobile and departed long before the 
procession reached camp. While at St. Nazaire we saw our first "boche 
prisoners." They were mostly big, strapping men and appeared well 
fed, and to all appearances not a bit displeased to be prisoners of war. 
However, the French kept them busy doing all sorts of the most menial 
labor. About the latter part of March the news reached camp that on 
March 21st the Germans had begun their long heralded Spring push. 
The daily communiques of this offensive were eagerly sought and read, 
and as the progress made by the Germans against the English 5th Army 
grew from day to day, a crisis developed and considerable anxiety pre- 
vailed among the French people. When announcement of General 
Pershing's offer of American troops to the Allies, to help stem the Hun 
tide, reached camp, it put a new phase on the war and accordingly 
raised the hopes of the regiment for early service at the front, which 
was much more preferable than service in the S. 0: S. While the labor 
duty required of the regiment was unfortunate in that it took some of 

53 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

the edge off discipline, the work which it accomplished in the S. 0. S. 
was of great importance to the A. E. F. The 32nd Division arrived in 
France at a time when the completion of warehouses, depots and the 
like was imperative in order to supply the increasing flow of American 
troops. Owing to the high state of discipline acquired by its previous 
training and the possession of the requisite ability, the regiment was 
able to complete its work quickly and in a satisfactory manner and for 
which it was highly commended. 

TRAINING IN TENTH TRAINING AREA 

Upon recommendation of the Division Commander, the 125th, 
126th and 127th Infantry Regiments were ordered relieved from labor 
in the S'. 0. S. and sent to the Divisional Training Area, This order, 
no doubt, was influenced by the enemy offensive of March 21, 1918, 
which made it imperative that all the available American troops in 
France be used for combat duty, and accordingly the 32nd Division 
was made a temporary combat division. In pursuance of the above 
decision Company E was ordered to Is sur Tille, on March 27th, for a 
tour of Guard Duty. When the company reached there its orders 
were changed and it proceeded on foot to Champlitte, covering a dis- 
tance of twenty-eight miles. In compliance with orders from Division 
Headquarters the regiment began its movement in four sections to the 
tenth training area on April 5th. The Regimental Headquarters and 
auxiliary companies, making up the first train section, and each 
battalion following in separate trains in the order of their number, the 
last to leave being the 3rd Battalion, which left St. Nazaire at 8:00 
p. m. on April 7th. The route followed ran in a general easterly direc- 
tion toward the eastern part of France. This route was the main 
American railroad line from the coast to its interior supply base near 
Dijon, and the General Army Headquarters in Chaumont. Later, 
American passenger trains were run daily over this line. Important 
cities passed were Nantes, Tours, which was headquarters of the S. 0. S., 
and Bourges. Several large aviation fields were passed and as many as 
a dozen planes could be seen in the air at one time, performing all the 
stunts a student aviator is required to know before he can obtain the 
coveted commission as an army flyer. On this trip we observed our 
first real evidence of war, when several trainloads of wounded French 
soldiers were passed on their way to hospitals in southern France. 
Some French and Belgium refugees were met. In a few towns they, 
as well as the native inhabitants, had made habitations by cutting into 
the solid rock on the hillsides, where they lived like the ancient cave 
dwellers. The Regimental Headquarters and auxiliary companies 

54 



TENTH TRAINING AREA 

reached Champlitte on Sunday at noon, April 7th, where headquarters 
was established; the 1st and 2nd Battalions arrived the following day. 
All these organizations were billeted in Champlitte, except the Machine 
Gun Company, which billeted at Boussenois, where all the Divisional 
Machine Gun units were assembled for special instruction. The 3rd 
Battalion reached Champlitte in the morning, April 9th, and Com- 
panies L and M proceeded to the village of Orain, about four miles west 
of Champlitte, and Battalion Headquarters and Companies I and K 
were billeted at Percy le Grand, two miles west of Orain. 

Champlitte was a town of some importance, being the county seat. 
It had achieved considerable fame during the early history of this sec- 
tion of France. At one time the Romans governed the town and built 
a stout stone wall around it, part of which still stands. Way back in 
the 16th century, so the inhabitants told us, the Spaniards overran this 
section and the French peasantry, becoming incensed at their over- 
bearing conduct, drove them out of the country. One building with 
ten-foot walls of solid stone, still stands, being the only building that 
withstood the rage of the populace. The Hotel de la Center, which is 
the principal hostelry in the town, and covers a considerable area of 
ground, was first built by the Spaniards as a castle about the time of 
this raid, and fell a victim to the fury of the people and later it was 
rebuilt. A Spanish nobleman had his residence here and some of the 
old furniture is still in daily use. The village folk point with pride to 
a room in this hotel, which they claim was frequently occupied by 
Henry the IV of England. There is still standing, in a good state of 
preservation, the chateau of the Count de Champlitte, the founder of 
the town, besides other buildings bearing a date mark of 1578. The 
citizens proudly relate that this section of France has been the scene 
of more battles down through history than any other section of France. 
These facts may be interesting to the historian, but to a doughboy who 
crossed the ocean to fight for democracy and world peace, it made no 
great appeal, yet these tales of ancient conflicts were indeed interesting. 

Orain and Percy le Grand were small peasant villages with noth- 
ing to distinguish them. The general terrain of this region was rolling; 
the valleys were under cultivation and woods and open fields covered 
the hill tops. The hills were mostly formed by rock, covered by a 
thin turf, and made trench digging, which was a part of our instruc- 
tion, a long and tedious task. The rainy season was on and hardly 
a day passed that the clouds did not let down their floodgates. The 
continual rains made roads and fields wet and muddy, but this did not 

55 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

interfere with the intensive training schedule which was carried out 
day after day, rain or shine. 

The week following our arrival, a number of officers from other 
Divisions of the 1st Army Corps, with previous school instruction, 
reported to the regiment as instructors in the new specialty weapons. 
About the same time the new weapons and equipment was issued to the 
regiment, and April 15th the four weeks' training schedule commenced. 
The march from billets to drill fields, usually a distance of over two 
miles, was made with the full packs, including 100 rounds of rifle 
ammunition, two gas masks, and helmets, which were worn. Practice 
in wearing gas masks was had while on these hikes. The drills con- 
sisted of bayonet practice in the English method, the French attack 
formations; the French method of throwing hand-grenades and shoot- 
ing rifle grenades. During the latter part of the training period, small 
trenches were dug and live hand and rifle grenades were used. Rifle 
ranges were constructed and target practice had with the American 
rifle and the French automatic rifle, known as the "chau-chat" gun, 
making the vicinity sound like a section of the battle line. French 
infantry companies gave exhibition drills in attack and patrol forma- 
tions. Six hours every day, except Sundays, was devoted to this kind 
of work, in addition to the hike to and from the drill field. Running up 
and down hill while carrying the full field equipment, with some one 
warning "gas" every now and then, made every day a strenuous one, 
and when night came everyone sought their bunks early. The weekly 
inspections were held Sunday forenoons, and the remainder of the day 
was given over to rest. Some men from each organization attended 
Divisional schools, where special instruction in gas warfare, liaison, 
intelligence and scout duty was received. New equipment and weapons 
were received for the specialty platoons in the Headquarters Company 
and the pioneer and signal platoons, the 37 mm. cannon and trench 
mortar platoons followed a special schedule of training in their par- 
ticular branches. The Machine Gun Company was also equipped with 
new guns, carts and animals and had a three weeks' special course of 
training with other Machine Gun units of the Division, and on May 
5th, it joined the regiment at Champlitte. 

As stated, when the Division was first designated a replacement 
division, all the privates 1st class and privates of the 128th Infantry 
were transferred as replacements to the 1st Division, practically fur- 
nishing one-fourth of the combat troops in that organization which 
later made such a good record in the battles that followed. This left 
the 128th with only its non-commissioned personnel and cooks, and 
when the status of the 32nd was changed to a combat division it be- 

56 



THE WAR HOPELESS FOR ALLIES 

came necessary to equalize the strength of the regiments, which was 
done by transferring men from the other three regiments to the 128th 
Infantry, and April 17th, 124 1st class privates and 248 privates were 
transferred to it from the 126th. While the necessity of this transfer 
was regretted by all, it could not be helped. The men transferred from 
the 125th were assigned to the 2nd Battalion of the 128th, and those 
from the 126th were assigned to the 3rd Battalion. This transfer made 
the combat infantry troops in the Division two-thirds Michigan and 
one-third Wisconsin, with an average strength of 140 men per com- 
pany. A week later about 550 replacements were received for the regi- 
ment, bringing the average strength per company up to about 200 men 
per company. These replacements represented nearly every state in 
the Union, and most of them were inducted into the military service the 
first of 1918, and they had received very little training before they 
arrived. They soon absorbed the Esprit de Corps existing in the regi- 
ment and proved themselves most excellent soldiers and pals. A very 
few replacements came from the 41st Division, nearly all of them 
having been sent to the 1st and 2nd Divisions. About this time a rumor 
which caused some uneasiness, spread that G. H. Q. contemplated 
transferring troops of National Guard Divisions to National Army 
Divisions. The men in the regiment preferred to fight with men they 
had come to know as intimate pals and had acquired confidence in each 
other, and their effectiveness as combat units would have suffered 
accordingly by a separation. Agreeable to all, this rumor, like many 
others, did not materialize. 

About the 20th of April the Allied cause had reached a crisis and 
officers from G. H. Q. inspected the 32nd Division with a view of rush- 
ing it to a quiet sector to relieve French troops for service on the active 
fronts and orders to be ready to move April 25th were received at Divi- 
sion Headquarters, but before the time to move came, the conditions 
at the front had improved and the orders to move were canceled; the 
regiment continued its four weeks' training schedule as at first planned. 

THE WAR HOPELESS FOR ALLIES 

We were the first Americans billeted in this section of France and 
the local citizens gave us a very friendly and cordial welcome, and 
were exceptionally kind to us. Ever since our arrival in France, there 
was a desire to know the exact conditions at the front — what the state 
of war was and if the Allies were holding their own or losing. Advan- 
tage was taken of every opportunity for conversation with officers of 
our Allies to get some definite information of the true status of the 
war. Many Allied officers frankly admitted, in response to questions 

57 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

on the subject, that so far as the Allies were concerned, the war could 
not be won without the help of the United States. That the Allies had 
long since exhausted all their resources in manpower, while the Ger- 
mans now had available all the troops released by the Russian debacle 
on the Eastern front. That the Allied cause was hopeless and that 
it was but a matter of time when their defense would collapse, as their 
troops were disheartened. Some of the citizens, while greeting us cor- 
dially, in frank statements stated they wished we had not come, as our 
aid could not change the result, but would only prolong the agony. 
These people were thoroughly convinced that the "Boche" was unbeat- 
able, and after four long years of hardship with nearly every home 
recording a sacrifice on the battlefield, they were discouraged and had 
reached a stage where they had little interest in the final result of the 
war and prayed for its end. However, all the people had not yet lost 
their patriotism for France, and a majority expressed different senti- 
ments and looked upon the Americans as their saviours from the 
despised Hun. 




READING SHIRTS FOR COOTIES WHILE HOLDING FRONT LINE IN 

CHATEAU -THIERRY. 

(Pen sketch by a soldier who was there.) 



58 



CHAPTER V 

MOVING FROM TRAINING AREA TO THE FRONT, AND 

SERVICE IN THE TRENCHES IN THE ALSACE 

DEFENSE SECTOR 



JOURNEY TO BELFORT 

ON MAY 14, 1918, the training of the regiment came to an 
abrupt end and the regiment prepared to take its place in the 
long battle line extending from the English Channel to the 
borders of Switzerland, where it was destined to stay until the end of 
the war, except for a brief ten days in the month of September. In 
the early hours of May 15th, the movement from the 10th Training 
Area to the front was begun. The first detachment, consisting of the 
Machine Gun, Headquarters and Supply Companies, and the First Bat- 
talion, left Champlitte at 2:30 o'clock in the morning and, carrying 
full field equipment, marched to the entraining point at the village 
of Vaux, a distance of thirteen and one-half miles. Here dinner was 
served and the Regimental Headquarters and auxiliary companies 
entrained at 4:00 p. m., and the First Battalion entrained four hours 
later. The Second Battalion left Champlitte at 8:00 a. m., and 
entrained at Vaux at midnight, while the Third Battalion assembled 
at the village of Percy le Grand, which village this detachment left at 
1 o'clock on the morning of May 16th and entrained at Vaux at 6:30 
a. m. The inhabitants of the towns in which the regiment had been 
billeted had become our fast friends, and they lined the roads as the 
troops marched away and bid us a most affectionate farewell. They 
regretted our going and some marched along with us for a short dis- 
tance. The conduct of the men toward the inhabitants was always 
courteous and respectful and they won the hearts of the people of these 
communities who appeared to take as much pride in the regiment as if 
we were their own folks. While the troops hated to part with their 
newly-made friends, yet they rejoiced in the fact that they were soon 
to take their place alongside of our Allied comrades to help turn the 
tide of battle, and make the world safe for democracy. As usual, our 
destination was a secret, but rumor had it that we were to take over a 
sector of the front line trenches in a quiet sector, to acquire some front 
line experience before going into an active front. This rumor proved 

59 



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60 



JOURNEY TO BELFORT 

to be correct and we soon found ourselves heading for Belfort, which 
is near the border of Alsace. The trains consisted of the usual spring- 
less box cars, labeled "40 Hommes or 8 Cheveaux," but as there were 
not enough of these, some flat cars were added. The journey took us 
through a beautiful section of France and as we neared the eastern 
border, the countryside fairly breathed of historical romance and mem- 
ories of centuries past. The landscape was a panorama of green 
meadows and growing crops, and the orchards were loaded with fruit. 
It was a peaceful scene which met our eyes, as the ravages of war had 
not touched this region. Not until Belfort was reached did we see 
any evidence indicating the presence of war, for here a few buildings 
near the railroad station were partially wrecked by bombs dropped by 
enemy aircraft in an attempt to blow up the station. 

The first detachment reached Belfort at midnight, May 15th, from 
where the Regimental Headquarters, and the Headquarters, Supply 
and Machine Gun Companies marched to the village of Etueffont- 
Haut, a distance of fifteen kilometers, while the First Battalion, upon 
arrival, marched twelve kilometers to Rougegoutte. The Second Bat- 
talion arrived at Belfort about 10:00 a. m., May 16th, and marched to 
the village of Grosmagny, a distance of twelve kilometers. The Third 
Battalion passed through Belfort and detrained at Fontaine, the rail- 
head of the Division, at 9:00 p. m., May 16th, from where it was to 
march to Guevenatten, which was eight kilometers distant, but in leav- 
ing Vauthiermont in the darkness, the wrong road was taken and after 
marching fifteen kilometers this detachment reached its destination 
about 3:00 a. m. the following morning. The little village of Gueve- 
natten is located in Alsace, then a German province, and this battalion 
was the first American troops to enter German territory. 

The plans of the High Command provided for the 32nd Division to 
take over this sector of the front from the French, thereby relieving their 
experienced troops for duty on active fronts where they were so badly 
needed, and also to give our troops actual trench experience before 
entering the lines on active fronts. The sector the 32nd Division was 
to take over, was the only portion of the battle line which was within 
German territory. In the first few weeks of the war considerable heavy 
fighting occurred in this region. Within a few days after war was de- 
clared the French massed an army here and on August 9, 1914, attacked 
the Alsacian city of Mulhouse, which was opposite the trenches we 
were taking over and thirteen kilometers distant. The city fell to the 
French, who held it for a day, when they were driven out by the 
Germans. Again in September, 1914, the French took the town and 
this time held it for two days, when they were again driven out and 

61 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

forced back to a line a few kilometers inside the Alsacian border, 
where the line remained with but slight change to the end of the war. 
This part of the front was used by both sides, ever since 1914, as a rest 
sector for troops engaged in the big battles on other parts of the line, 
and it had become a quiet sector by common consent. The Alsacian 
city of Mulhouse and the French city of Belfort are known to the 
natives as the sister cities. They are connected by an international 
railroad and highway, and also by a canal which runs from the River 
Rhone to the River Rhine. In peace times, extensive commercial 
trading was carried on between them. The city of Belfort is a his- 
torical, as well as a beautiful city. It is situated in the center of an 
open and rolling stretch of country separating the Alps and the 
Vosges Mountain ranges. This stretch is some twenty miles wide and 
over 3,000 feet above sea level, and is known as the pass between 
southern Germany and France. Several high and rocky hills surround 
the city and these are all fortified, making it one of the strongest 
positions of defense on the French frontier. Some centuries before, 
the city withstood a siege of several months against invading Teuton 
tribes, which is commemorated by a huge lion cut out of the solid rock 
of the hill overlooking the city. Napoleon used this pass on his sev- 
eral invasions and expeditions into southern Germany and Austria, 
and long before his day the Romans and Teutons also passed through 
here on their trips of conquests in the land of the Gauls, and many a 
sanguinary battle was fought in this historical region, and now, for the 
first time in history, American soldiers camped upon these ancient 
battlefields. 

The orders provided for a tour of instruction in trench service in 
conjunction with French troops, consisting of. twelve days' duty for 
each battalion in the front line trenches. The Third Battalion was 
the first designated for this duty and therefore it was billeted close 
to the support position, being only six kilometers back of the front 
line. The villages occupied by the remainder of the regiment were 
about twenty kilometers back of the front, which permitted them to 
receive further training without interruption from hostile observation 
or artillery fire while waiting for their first tour in the trenches. On 
the following day, May 17th, the men in the regiment had their first 
opportunity to hear the sound of cannon at the front, and to see some- 
thing of the conflict of which they had heard and talked about so much. 
French and German planes were battling in the air behind the Allied 
line. This battle lasted for some time and it was very interesting to 
watch them as each maneuvered for positions from which they could 
train their machine guns upon their antagonist. When more French 

62 



IN ALSACE 

planes appeared, the Boche plane made for his side of the line and the 
battle was over without damage to either side. French batteries of 
artillery were located near the front and these fired many shots during 
the day. Beginning early in the morning, the sound of the guns send- 
ing their shells of high explosives behind the German lines impressed 
all with the seriousness of war. Some enemy shells fell near to the 
town where the Third Battalion was billeted and gave these men a still 
greater realization of what was in store for them. 

During the night of May 17th, Regimental Headquarters and the 
Headquarters Company moved from Etueffont-Haut to Soppe-le-Bas, 
arriving there early on the morning of May 18th. This town was three 
kilometers behind the front line and close up to the front line sector 
to be occupied by the regiment, and here the Regimental Post of Com- 
mand was established. The following day the First Battalion moved 
from Rougegoutte to Etueffont-Haut, occupying the billets evacuated 
by the Regimental Headquarters and Headquarters Company. On the 
afternoon of May 19th, the Machine Gun Company moved from 
Etueffont-Haut to Guevenatten preparatory to going into the line with 
the Third Battalion. The following day the Supply Company moved 
from Etueffont-Haut to Lariviere. During these few days the troops 
not designated for immediate trench duty perfected themselves in the 
many new things relating to trench warfare under French instructors. 
The usual aerial activities attracted no end of attention and whenever 
•an enemy plane appeared in sight, the troops took cover under trees or 
stood still to avoid being observed. The enemy planes flew over our 
lines every day, and sometimes they flew over us several times during 
the day. These were mostly observation planes seeking information 
of what was going on in the rear of the Allied front. They came over 
singly or in pairs and every time they hove in sight the French anti- 
aircraft guns opened fire on them from every direction in an endeavor 
to hit them or drive them back to their own lines. When these guns 
commenced firing the planes would rise or dip, according to how good 
the gunner's range was, and at times they were up over two miles, 
from which height observation of the ground was almost out of the 
question. The shells from these anti-aircraft guns were either shrapnel 
or high explosive, the burst of the shell emitting either a white or black 
smoke indicating the kind of shell used. The explosion of the shells in 
the air resembled a small puff of smoke, and sometimes they went so 
high that the sound of the shell exploding could not be heard on the 
ground. As these little puffs of smoke appeared all around the hostile 
plane, we looked intently heavenward at this new thing in warfare, 
every moment expecting to see the shell reach its mark and send the 

63 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

unlucky avion crashing to earth. While we watched similar battles 
almost every day while in this sector, no shell ever found its mark, and 
our only consolation was the development of the muscles of our necks 
by the extra work put upon them. The boys soon had a name for these 
anti-aircraft guns and dubbed them "archies." The artillery on both 
sides did some firing every day and night, and the ominous sound of 
the boom of the guns in the distance always tended to make us hark 
and think during these first days near the front. 

ENTERING THE TRENCHES 

The time for our troops to enter the front line trenches, the event 
that we had trained for so earnestly and diligently, and which marked 
the beginning of our long and almost unbroken service at the front, 
was now close at hand. The sector of the trenches in which the regi- 
ment was to receive its initial experience in modern warfare was held 
by troops of the 9th French Infantry Division, to which organization 
the regiment was temporarily attached. On May 19th, the company 
commanders and platoon sergeants of Companies I and L made a 
reconnaissance of the trenches occupied by companies of the 329th 
French Infantry Regiment, which these two companies were to relieve 
the following night. The next day, May 20th, the headquarters of 
the Third Battalion, Major Earl R. Stewart commanding, was moved 
to the little village of Hecken, which was close to the front. During 
the day orders were issued to Company I to relieve a company of 
French troops in the line during the night of May 20th-21st, and accord- 
ingly this company, Captain Charles L. McCormick commanding, 
which was the first company in the regiment to see front line service, 
left Guevenatten at 11:00 p. m. and marched by way of Hecken to 
Gildwiller, where guides met the different platoons and guided them to 
their platoon sectors in the front line. The men carried full field equip- 
ment, with gas masks at the alert position. This precaution was taken 
as the road followed passed through woods occupied by French artil- 
lery, and the Germans had a habit of throwing gas shells into these 
woods, as well as in the woods where the front line trenches were 
located. The company marched with a distance of one hundred meters 
between platoons, until Gildwiller was passed, when each platoon 
marched in single file. The sensations and thoughts which possessed 
these men on this first march to the front line, as they trudged along 
in deep silence, with nothing to disturb the stillness of the night except 
the steady "crunch, crunch, crunch" as the feet struck the gravel pave- 
ment and an occasional gun shot or the deep boom of a cannon, were 
sensations and thoughts which every man experienced on his first hike 

64 



ENTERING THE TRENCHES 




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65 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

at night to the front line. During our service here, there were nights 
that were so dark that men passing each other on opposite sides of the 
road did not see each other. On other nights the moon and stars would 
shine brightly, and on this night the moon and stars were out in all 
their splendor, throwing their soft light on the green fields and meadows 
and causing the trees in the woods to cast ghostly shadows upon the 
ground. It all sent a thrill through every man, and as he marched 
onward to a place from which he might not return, his thoughts would 
turn, in spite of himself, to other equally beautiful spring nights with 
loved ones at home, and where the joys of peace reigned. These 
moments were short lived. The sound of a shot, or exploding grenade, 
or the light of a flare floating high in the air, caused his thoughts to 
revert to the present mission at hand and thus reminded, each took a 
silent oath to do his best in this grim business to eradicate the cause 
which threatened the world. 

On the eastern outskirts of Gildwiller, the company was met by 
the French guides who led the different platoons into the southern end 
of "Biich-Wald" (Beech-Forest). The way led through the woods 
toward the front, part of it taking the platoons designated to take over 
the front line, through barbed wire entanglements and trenches. After 
stumbling about in the darkness for an hour or so, the front positions 
were reached and here the standing orders were transmitted, through 
an interpreter, from the officers of the French company being relieved 
to the company and platoon commanders of I company. The neces- 
sary details to occupy the night outpost positions were sent out to 
relieve the French outpost, and the relief was completed by 4 o'clock 
a. m., May 21st, and the French company moved out. The standing 
trench orders required the troops to stand-to during the hour preceding 
daylight to guard against an early morning surprise attack or trench 
raid, and the platoons took up their various positions designed for the 
defense of the position and stood on the fire step peering over the 
parapet into the darkness in the direction of the enemy until daylight, 
without anything happening. During the day of May 20th, the Head- 
quarters of the Machine Gun Company, Captain William Haze com- 
manding, was established at Hecken and the Second Platoon accom- 
panied Company I into the trenches, relieving a platoon of the French 
Machine Gun Company. The relieving of troops in front line trenches 
at night is always a more or less confusing operation to the soldier, and 
this is especially true when the relief is made by green troops, or by 
troops unfamiliar with the lay of the ground. In the darkness all 
appears to be confusion, as little can be seen of ones immediate sur- 
roundings. The system of trenches is most mistifying, to say the least. 

66 



ENTERING THE TRENCHES 

One can't tell where they lead to, nor whether they parallel the enemy 
line, or how far away his line is. The trees and posts of the barbed 
wire entanglements are strange to the newcomer, and soon he feels as 
if he had lost all bearing of his location, and a strange feeling steals 
over one as to what would happen if the enemy should decide to attack 
in the darkness. In this state of affairs, daylight is always welcome, 
and so it was with the men of Company I and the Machine Gun 
Platoon. Some of the officers and non-commissioned officers of the 
French company relieved, remained in the trenches for the purpose of 
assisting in the instruction of the company in trench duty. After day- 
light, these instructors pointed out the various duties required. The 
officers and men inspected the trench system for the purpose of be- 
coming familiar with their location, and the location of the different 
company and platoon posts of command and the day and night obser- 
vation posts. Life in the trenches not only means constant observation 
of the enemy, but continued improvement of the trenches, outposts and 
dugouts, with the view of constantly strengthening the defensive posi- 
tions. During the day a few men were on watch while the others 
obtained rest and sleep in the dugouts so they would be fresh for the 
many duties connected with trench service, which was habitually per- 
formed during the night. Guards were continually on duty at every 
dugout to give the occupants warning against poisonous gas attacks, 
and at each company and platoon headquarters, and day and night 
observation posts, men were stationed to relay rocket signals from 
the front to the rear in emergencies. With all these details made and 
posted, those men not required for day duty were given an opportunity 
to obtain some sleep. 

The sector taken over by this company extended from the southern 
end of "Biich-Wald" forest north about a half mile. The defensive 
system consisted of a trench running across the sector and about fifty 
yards inside the eastern edge of the woods. It was seven feet deep, 
with a fire step on the side nearest the enemy, so its defenders could 
fire from the top of the parapet. The trench was constructed with 
traverses every twenty feet for protection against flanking fire, and 
the spaces between were called "fire bays," and duck-board walks 
were laid along the bottom its entire length. This trench was the first 
line of resistance and from it, and about four to six hundred yards 
apart, two zigzagging communicating trenches ran out into No Man's 
Land toward the German lines. The end of these were occupied during 
the day by a few men as observation and listening posts. These 
advance observation posts, together with that portion of the resistance 
trench from which they extended, were called "Petty Posts," and 

67 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

were numbered from right to left, and the petty posts occupied by- 
Company I were numbered 8 and 9. The company was disposed with 
one platoon occupying each petty post, one platoon slightly in rear in 
support, and one platoon in reserve near the company post of com- 
mand. Each company sector was called a "Post of Action," or "P. A.," 
and likewise numbered from right to left. Company I occupied "P. A." 
1. The Battalion sector was known as "Center of Resistance, Gild- 
wilier," or "C. R. G." Machine gun emplacements were established in 
the company sector, and these were also numbered and one gun was in 
position in each emplacement. During the afternoon, May 21st, the 
Trench Mortar Platoon of the Headquarters Company occupied their 
position in the sector. At midnight on the night of May 21st to 22nd, 
Company L, Captain George L. Olsen commanding, and one platoon 
of the Machine Gun Company, left Guevenatten to relieve another 
French company in the trenches and to take its place alongside of and 
to the left of Company I. These troops marched by way of Sternen- 
berg to Dieffmatten, where guides were met who conducted the platoons 
into the woods to the trenches to be taken over, and the relief was 
completed by 4 o'clock a. m., May 22nd. The same procedure was 
followed by this company and Machine Gun platoon as was followed 
by the troops preceding them into the trenches. The company sector 
occupied was numbered P. A. 2 and P. P. 10 and 11. Outside of some 
aerial activity, which caused the anti-aircraft guns to expend consid- 
erable ammunition without results, and some intermittent enemy shell- 
fire, the day passed quietly. During the day the Machine Gun Com- 
pany moved its headquarters to Hecken, and a first aid dressing station 
was established at Hecken by the Sanitary Detachment, some members 
of which accompanied the companies into the front line. The three 
37 millimeter guns of the cannon platoon of the Headquarters Com- 
pany, occupied positions in the front line during May 23rd. 

FIRST CASUALTY 

The advance observation posts extended into No Man's Land 
from four to seven hundred yards, and because of their isolated posi- 
tions, the troops occupying them during the daytime were withdrawn 
after dark to positions nearer the line of resistance, where they re- 
mained as outposts during the night. It was about midnight on the 
24th of May that the first casualty in the regiment occurred, which 
was also the first casualty in the 32nd Division. Private Joseph W. 
Guyton, of Company I, was one of the group in the night outpost posi- 
tion in Petty Post 9. He was an automatic gunner and his instructions 
were to fire his gun intermittently, and while discharging his duties, 
the Germans sent over a machine gun barrage and a bullet struck him 

68 



FIRST CASUALTY 

in the temple and killed him instantly. He was the first American 
soldier to fall in action on German territory. This incident caused the 
Commanding General of the 9th French Infantry Division, to which 
our regiment was attached, to issue the following order: 

"9th Division of Infantry. The 25th of May, 1918. 

Divisional Order No. 297. 
General Gamelin, commanding the 9th Infantry Divi- 
sion, cites in the Divisional Order: 

The soldier, Joseph W. Guyton, of the 126th American 
Infantry Regiment, 'on guard in the first line was killed by 
a machine gun bullet. He is the first soldier of the 32nd 
American Division to fall fighting for the cause of right and 
liberty, on Alsacian soil, beside his French comrades.' 

General Gamelin, commanding the 9th Infantry Division." 

(Signed) Gamelin. 
The Commanding General of the 9th French Infantry Division 
conferred the "Croix de Guerre" upon Private Joseph W. Guyton, 
which was forwarded to his wife by our Division Commander, Major 
General William G. Haan, and a duplicate of this, the first decoration 
awarded to any member of the 32nd Division, was furnished to the 
regiment and accepted in its behalf by Colonel Joseph B. Westnedge. 
Private Guyton was buried with full military honors by his comrades 
in the little churchyard in the village of Gildwiller, Alsace, less than 
a mile from where he fell. 

The first tour of duty for each company in the front line lasted five 
days, and so at midnight, May 24th-25th, Company K, Captain James 
Sinke commanding, left Guevenatten by way of Sternenberg-Hecken 
and Gildwiller to relieve Company I in P. A. 1. The relief was com- 
pleted by 3:30 a. m. and Company I moved back to the village of 
Gildwiller, where it was held in support. At midnight of May 25th- 
26th, Company M, First Lieut. Edward B. Strom commanding, left 
its billets in Guevenatten and marched by the south road to Hecken 
and Gildwiller to relieve Company L in P. A. 2, which was completed 
at 3:50 a. m. and Company L moved back to Hecken in support. As 
the American troops went into the line, the hostilities in this sector 
became more active. The boche must have suspected that a change 
was taking place in the Allied line, or perhaps he had already received 
information from the inhabitants, who were distinctly German, of our 
presence. At any rate the firing from our lines into the enemy position 
had increased, and the "boche" was retaliating, as during the day of 
May 26th there was considerable rifle fire from enemy snipers, and 
one French soldier, who remained on duty with our troops, was shot in 

69 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 




1ST LT. CARL A. JOHNSON, CO. M 

First officer of 32nd Div. killed in action 

June 23, 1918 



PVT. JOSEPH W. GUYTON, CO. I 

First soldier of 32nd Div. killed in action 

May 24, 1918 



the arm. Also enemy planes flew low over our lines in the hopes of 
gaining some definite information. The numbers of the Petty Posts 
were changed so that Company K was occupying 1 and 2, and Com- 
pany M occupied 3 and 4. About 4:30 o'clock in the morning of May 
27th, the detachment from Company K designated to occupy the 
advance day position in P. P. 2, was proceeding along the communi- 
cating trench to its post with Sergeant Charles E. Cunningham, the 
detachment commander, in the lead. As the detachment neared the 
day post, Sergeant Cunningham was separated from his detachment by 
some Germans, who were members of an enemy raiding party, and 
concealed in a recess in the trench. They attempted to make him 
prisoner, but Sergeant Cunningham opened fire on the enemy, who 
returned the fire, knocked him down and rushed along the trench. 
The first shot struck the sergeant in the chest, severely wounding him, 
but despite his wound, he climbed upon the parapet and, single-handed, 
attacked the enemy raiding party, fired six shots at them from his 
pistol and drove them off, but not before he had received two more 
gunshot wounds and fell unconscious in the trench. Sergeant Cunning- 
ham was immediately given first aid and taken to a hospital, but the 
wounds he received in this early morning encounter proved fatal, and 
he died on the afternoon of July 3, 1918. 

For his exceptional bravery, Sergeant Cunningham was cited in 
Divisional orders and awarded the French "Croix de Guerre." The 
order is as follows: 

"Order of the Division No. 302. 
General Gamelin, commanding the 9th Infantry Division, 

70 



A COMPANY LOG BOOK 

mentions in the Orders of the Division: Sergeant Charles E. 
Cunningham, "K" Company, of the 126th Infantry Regiment, 
U. S., 'Has bravely conducted himself at the head of a patrol, 
who, meeting an enemy detachment placed in ambush, has 
succeeded in making it take to flight. Although gravely 
wounded twice, earned the admiration of all by continuing 
to fire on the enemy until, exhausted, he fell unconscious in 
the trench.' 

General Gamelin, commanding the 9th I. D." 

(Signed) Gamelin. 
This decoration was conferred upon Sergeant Cunningham by 
Major General Haan, of the 32nd Division, while he was in hopsital, 
and the sergeant's only comment on the engagement was a fear that, 
when he recovered, he might not get back to his own company. 

When this enemy patrol reported back to their own lines they 
satisfied the German Command that American troops were in the 
trenches opposite them, and the boche no doubt had in mind to 
"straff" us, as during the remainder of the day, and the day follow- 
ing, he was very active and sent many shells of different caliber, and 
some of gas, into our lines. The enemy activity was unusual for a 
quiet sector and is best shown by the record from the log book taken 
from one of the companies in the line for the 28th day of May: 

"At 5:00 a. m. one enemy observation balloon appeared and at 
5:30 a. m. two more appeared. At 6:45 a. m. two boche planes flew 
over our lines, and about a half-hour later a French plane was seen 
flying toward the enemy lines. During early morning, there was some 
machine gun firing by both sides. 7:00 to 8:00 a. m., very little activ- 
ity by either infantry, artillery or air service. No gas. 8:00 a. m. 
until noon, artillery very active on both sides. 11:30 a. m., two French 
planes observed flying low over our company sector. 12:05 p. m., 
twenty-nine high explosive shells fired at Company Headquarters. No 
casualties or damage done. Enemy artillery fire continues on our 
right. Some gas shells. Several shells struck within a few yards of 
'line of resistance trench,' and on road in rear. Between 9:00 and 
10:00 a. m., our artillery destroyed some buildings in Burnhaupt-le- 
Bas. At 1:50 p. m., one high explosive shell burst in the air directly 
over the Company P. C. At 3:50 p. m., 43 high explosive shells and 
3 duds fell from 5 to 50 yards of P. C. At 2:10 p. m., a shrapnel shell 
exploded 20 yards from day post in P. P., slightly damaging com- 
munication trench. Enemy has correct range on P. C. and P. P. — a 
shell exploding 5 yards to right. Other shells exploded directly over 
them. Telephone wires broken by bombardment and immediately re- 

71 





1. Sentry Post in Hecken, Alsace. American and French sentinels on duty. Note road screen on 
left of picture. 

2. Soldiers sleeping on fire-step in front line trench. Alsace trench sector. June 2, 1918. 

3. Church at Gildwiller, Alsace, partially destroyed by German artillery fire. The grave of Pvt. 
J. W. Guyton, the first soldier in regiment killed in action, is shown by plain wooden cross in 
lower left-hand corner. 

72 



A COMPANY LOG BOOK 

paired by Sergeant . Enemy sniper's post observed in a bush 500 

yards away, 135 degrees N. E. of P. P. Message received at 12:55 
p. m. from P. C. on right, stating gas shells exploded on right of their 
sector. Plane seen directly over P. C. at 1:50 p. m., at same time 
enemy shell exploded in vicinity; believed to be enemy plane in dis- 
guise. At 5:28 p. m., 62 enemy shells landed within 100 yards of 
P. C. sector on right, heavily shelled at same time. 6:00 to 7:00 p. m., 
heavy shelling to right and left of sector. 7:00 to 8:00 p. m., shelling 
by friendly and hostile artillery. 

"P. P. and P. P. day positions occupied during night 

per order. 8:45 p. m., large caliber hostile shells began falling to left 
of sector. At 8:30 p. m., a working party of one sergeant, three cor- 
porals and twenty-four privates went out in wire and erected 75 yards 
of new wire entanglement. At 8:50 p. m., a patrol of one American 
platoon, and French sergeant, five French corporals and five French 
privates, proceeded to point between 55.16 and 56.15 with orders to 
attack enemy patrols and take prisoners. At 9:00 p. m., another patrol 
of one American platoon, and one sergeant, one corporal and three 
privates (French) proceeded to intersection Spechbach Creek and Gild- 
willer-Burnhaupt road, with same orders. No enemy encountered by 
either patrol and both patrols returned at 3:30 a. m. by way of P. P. 
. No casualties." 

The foregoing is fairly descriptive of the daily experiences of every 
organization in the regiment while in the front line trenches, and also 
some shells fell in the support positions to the rear. On May 27th, a 
piece of an enemy anti-aircraft shell went through the roof of the dug- 
out occupied as headquarters for the Machine Gun Company, striking 
Lieut. Clark H. Apted in the leg and inflicting a severe wound which 
required him to be taken to the hospital. He was the first officer in 
the Division to be wounded. On the night of May 29th, Company K 
was relieved by Company I in P. A. 1 and moved into a support posi- 
tion at Gildwiller, and on the next night, May 30th, Company M was 
relieved by Company L and went into support in the village of Hecken. 
On the night of May 29th, the First Battalion, Major J. C. McCullough 
commanding, which was to relieve the Third Battalion in the front line, 
left their billets in Etueffont-Haut and marched to Guevenatten, arriv- 
ing at the latter village the next morning about daylight. 

On the night of June 1st, a raid was carried out by a company of 
the 4th French Infantry Regiment, on the German lines in the village 
of Ammerttzwiller. Twelve American soldiers, detailed from the 125th 
and 126th regiments, accompanied the raiding party, whose mission 
was to secure information and enemy prisoners. At 9:00 p. m., five 

73 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

French planes flew toward the enemy lines and upon a given light 
signal, sent up by a rocket from the French lines, they separated and 
immediately American and French artillery began bombarding the 
enemy trenches in an area about 600 yards square. The barrage, which 
was the most intensive shelling we had heard up to this time, lasted 
about five minutes, and then a curtain of shell-fire preceded the raid- 
ing party as it went over the top and advanced toward the German 
lines. The "boche" troops caught in the barrage signaled frantically 
for help, sending a number of rockets of various kinds and colors. The 
distance across No Man's Land at this point was about six hundred 
yards and rapid progress could not be made on account of the great 
quantity of wire entanglements, through which the troops had to pass. 
No hostile fire was encountered on the way across and no sooner were 
the enemy trenches reached when the various groups entered them at 
different points according to a prearranged plan, and its work com- 
pleted, the raiding party returned to its own lines, bringing three Ger- 
man prisoners with them. The casualties on our side were two French 
privates killed by the enemy counter barrage, which began to fall as 
the party reached its own lines. For their part in this raid, 1st Lieut. 
Sidney Eleveld and Sergeant Edgar C. Taylor, Company K; Sergeant 
Edward Horrigan, Company I, and Sergeant Daniel Gerber, Company 
M, were each decorated with a Croix de Guerre and cited in French 
Divisional orders, which read as follows: 

"On the 1st day of June they took part in a raid with 
troops from the 4th Infantry Regiment (French). They have 
shown, to the admiration of their comrades, fearlessness of 
danger when under fire for the first time." 

During the day of June 2nd, which was on Sunday, reconnoitering 
parties from Companies A and B visited the sectors held by the Third 
Battalion, preparatory for their first hitch in the trenches. In the first 
part of the night of June 2nd-3rd, Company M, in support at Hecken, 
and Company K, in support at Gildwiller, were relieved by two com- 
panies of the 329th French Infantry Regiment, and marched to 
Guevenatten, where they went into billets. At 12:30 a. m., Company B, 
Captain John Benner commanding, left Guevenatten, accompanied by 
a part of Company D of the 120th Machine Gun Battalion, and 
marched through Hecken to Gildwiller, where guides were met and 
Company B relieved Company I in P. A. 1, and the Machine Gun units 
relieved two platoons of the 126th Machine Gun Company. The relief 
was completed at 4:15 a. m. The Headquarters of the First Battalion 
moved from Guevenatten to Hecken on the night of June 2nd, where 

74 



BATTALION RELIEF 

it relieved Third Battalion Headquarters, Major Stewart remaining 
with Major McCullough, commanding First Battalion, until 10:00 
a. m., June 3rd. On night of June 3rd-4th, Company A, Captain Roscoe 
L. Graves commanding, and one platoon of Company D, 120th Machine 
Gun Battalion, left Guevenatten and marching by way of Dieffmatten- 
Chemin des Disque road, relieved Company L in P. A. 2, and the re- 
maining platoon of the 126th Machine Gun Company, the relief being 
accomplished by 4:30 a. m. Similar reliefs were made by the Sanitary 
Detachments attached to each battalion. As soon as relieved, Com- 
panies I and L moved to Guevenatten. On June 3rd, the 2nd Bat- 
talion moved from Grosmagny to Etueffont-Haut and occupied the 
billets vacated by the 1st Battalion. Early on the morning of June 4th 
the 3rd Battalion and 126th Machine Gun Company moved from 
Guevenatten to Rougegoutte, a distance of eighteen miles, for further 
training and work on the positions in the rear. On June 5th, the Supply 
Company moved from Lariviere to Bellemagny, where it was stationed 
during the remainder of our stay in this sector. 

Pursuant to orders issued by the French Commander, dated June 
5th, a change was made in the trench sector to be held by the regiment 
from the "Center of Resistance, Gildwiller," to the "Center of Resist- 
ance, Buchwald," which was immediately north of our first sector. 
Three companies were to hold the front line, while one company re- 
mained in support at the town of Soppe-le-Bas. Accordingly, on the 
night of June 6th-7th, Companies C and D left Guevenatten by way of 
Dieffmatten, and Company C, First Lieut. Otto K. Buder commanding, 
relieved that part of Company A occupying P. P. 4, and the French 
company occupying P. P. 5 just to the north. This company sector 
was called P. A. 1, C. R. Buchwald. At the same time, Company B 
was relieved in part by a company of French troops and in part by 
portions of Company A, this latter company occupying P. P. 2 and 3, 
and B company, when relieved, moving to Soppe-le-Bas in battalion 
support. Company D, First Lieut. Edward W. Minier commanding, 
relieved a French company in a new company sector farther to the 
north and located in the Schwebelhurst woods and southern end of 
Langlittenhag Forest. This new company sector was designated P. A. 
3, C. R. Buchwald, under the new dispositions of the regiment. All 
these reliefs were completed before daylight. First Battalion Hear- 
quarters was moved from Hecken to Soppe-le-Bas on the night of June 
6th to 7th. On the night of June 7th to 8th, Company A was relieved 
by a company of French troops and moved to Soppe-le-Bas, and on 
the night of June 8th to 9th, Company B relieved a company of 

75 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 




ADVANCED OBSERVATION POST IN PETTY POST No. 4 NEAR DIEFFMATTEN, 
ALSACE, JUNE 27, 1918. LOOKING ACROSS NO-MAN'S-LAND. 

French troops in the company sector between Companies C and D, 
which sector was designated P. A. 2, containing P. P. 6 and 7, and 
P. P. 8 and 9 were occupied by Company D. The first aid station was 
established in the vicinity of Dieffmatten. The one-pound cannon 
platoon and Stokes mortar platoon of the Headquarters Company, 
changed their positions on the night of June 6th-7th to conform to the 
new dispositions, except that one cannon was moved back to Soppe-le- 
Bas, while the Machine Gun Company changed position on June 9th 
and Company Headquarters was moved from Hecken to Dieffmatten. 
Regimental Headquarters and the band were moved, on June 9th, 
from Soppe-le-Bas to La Chapelle, which was some distance to the 
rear, and here the office force was much more able to function, as it 
was not necessary for them to spend so much of their time watching 
airplane battles and barrages, and ducking artillery fire. The re- 
mainder of the Headquarters Company remained at Soppe-le-Bas. 
During the night of June 9th, the 2nd Battalion moved from Etueffont- 
Haut to Guevenatten, preparatory to entering the trenches. 

At 11:00 p. m., on June 11th, Company E, First Lieut. Joseph L. 
Backus commanding, left Guevenatten and relieved the 5th Company, 
4th Regiment of Infantry (French) in the Gildwiller Center of Resist- 
ance vacated by the 1st Battalion, occupying the middle P. A., while 
Company F, Captain Richard F. Smith commanding, left Guevenatten 
a half-hour later and relieved the 9th Company in support at Hecken. 

76 



TRENCH SECTOR ENLARGED 

On the same day 2nd Battalion Headquarters, Major Albert C. Wil- 
son commanding, moved from Guevenatten to Hecken. At 11:00 p. m. 
the following night, June 12th, Company G, Captain James Cathcart 
commanding, left Guevenatten and relieved the 7th Company in Gild- 
wilier Center of Resistance, occupying the front to the right of Com- 
pany E. A half-hour later the same night, Company H, Captain Fred 
W. Beaudry commanding, left Guevenatten and relieved the 6th Com- 
pany in the P. A. between Company E and Company C. Company C, 
120th Machine Gun Battalion, took over the machine gun emplace- 
ments in the Battalion sector. All the reliefs were made in good order 
and without incident. During the night of June 12th to 13th, Com- 
pany A moved from the support position in Soppe-le-Bas and relieved 
Company B in P. A. 2, Center of Resistance, Buchwald, while Com- 
pany B moved back to Soppe-le-Bas. At 6:00 p. m., June 12th, the 
3rd Battalion and 126th Machine Gun Company and Sanitary Detach- 
ment left Rougegoutte and Company K, First Lieut. Sidney Eleveld 
taking command when Capt. Sinke was detailed to the 1st Corps 
School, and Company L and Machine Gun Company and Sanitary 
Detachment, marched to La Chapelle, and Company I and Company 
M, Captain Emil B. Gansser, who returned from school, commanding, 
marched to Angeot, where this battalion was billeted in the front sup- 
port position of the regimental sector. With these moves and new 
dispositions made, the regiment occupied a complete regimental sector 
with six companies holding nearly seven kilometers of the front line, 
two companies in battalion supports and one battalion in regimental 
support. Regimental Headquarters remained at La Chapelle and the 
3rd Battalion Headquarters was also established there. 

While the original plan contemplated a thirty-five days' course of 
instruction for each regiment in the Division, each battalion to remain 
in the line twelve days, the success of the several German spring 
offensives caused a speeding up of the training, resulting in a shift of 
previous plans in each infantry regiment of the Division, and by June 
15th eight battalions were placed in the front line with four battalions 
in support, the Division thus taking over a front of twenty-seven kilo- 
meters, from Aspach-le-Bas to the Swiss border. Upon recommenda- 
tion of General Pershing, the French undertook to rush the training of 
the 32nd Division so that it could be placed on the active battle line 
without delay. Up to June 15th the Division Commander and his staff 
had not functioned in command of the Divisional troops, and after an 
investigation the 7th French Army Commander ordered General Haan 
be placed in tactical control and command of the 32nd and also of the 
9th French Division occupying a part of the same sector, from Aspach- 

77 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

le-Bas to the Rhine-Rhone Canal, with all the troops therein, both 
American and French, the latter forming the major portion of the 
second line and reserve. On June 16th the regiment was again placed 
under the immediate command of Colonel Westnedge, without any 
supervision or control by the French commanders, but training was con- 
tinued with French officers and non-commissioned officers. 

On the night of June 16th, Company F relieved Company H in 
P. A. 3, Center of Resistance, Gildwiller, and Company H moved back 
to Hecken in support, and five days later relieved Company E in 
P. A. 2, which company in turn relieved Company G in P. A. 1. The 
plan of relief in the battalions in the line provided for a tour of five 
days in support for each company, and this plan was followed in the 
1st Battalion also. In the early morning hours of June 19th the Ger- 
mans sent over a heavy bombardment on P. A. 3, Center of Resistance, 
Buchwald, occupied by Company D. The shelling lasted about twenty 
minutes and included a number of gas shells, besides heavy explosive 
and shrapnel shells. One shell entered the dugout in one of the platoon 
Petty Posts, where it exploded and killed two privates and wounded 
or gassed one officer and seven enlisted men, one of whom, Corporal 
I. V. Boursaw, died four days later from the wounds he received. 
Company A also had two men wounded by this bombardment. On 
the night of June 20th the 3rd Battalion and Machine Gun Company 
relieved the 1st Battalion and Company D, 120th Machine Gun Bat- 
talion in the Center of Resistance, Buchwald. M company went into 
P. A. 1, Company I in P. A. 2, and Company K in P. A. 3, while L 
company went into support at Soppe-le-Bas. The 1st Battalion went 
back into regimental support at La Chapelle and Angeot. On this same 
day, June 20th, Lieut.-Col. George C. Waldo was placed in temporary 
command of the 2nd Battalion. 

HOSTILE RAID ON OUR LINES 
The first raid in force against our lines was made by the Germans 
in the early morning hours of June 23rd. The hostile raid was directed 
against the advance observation post in P. P. 5 occupied by the 4th 
platoon of Company M. The enemy raiding party had come over in 
the night and lay in waiting in the trench composing the observation 
post, and in shell-holes nearby. This advance post was occupied by 
our troops in the daytime only, and at 5:30 a. m. and as the day relief 
with the platoon commander, First Lieutenant Carl A. Johnson, in 
the lead, approached its post, Lieutenant Johnson was shot in the 
abdomen and fell. The report of the pistol shot was the signal for the 
enemy to open the attack. The enemy were camouflaged with grass 

78 



ENEMY RAID ON OUR LINES 

covering their helmets and bodies, and resembled the turf as they lay- 
in ambush along the top of the trench parapet, and as they stood up it 
looked to the men in the trenches as if the whole parapet was lifted up. 
The enemy at once commenced throwing grenades (German potato- 
mashers) at the bend in the trench as a sort of a barrage, and cut off 
Sergeant Dewey F. Slocum, Private Newton Bell and Corporal John C. 
Phillips, who were following in single file behind Lieutenant Johnson in 
the order named, from the rest of the detail, who were driven back to 
the night post by enemy following on parapet and throwing grenades 
at them. The men cut off were surrounded and their surrender de- 
manded, but instead, they fought the enemy with grenades and rifle 
fire, firing upon a "boche" every time he showed himself and throw- 
ing grenades over the parapet in their direction, all the time sustain- 
ing a fusilade of enemy grenades. This heroic trio obtained four 
casualties in the enemy raiding party. One big German fell from the 
parapet into the trench when hit by a rifle bullet which killed him 
instantly. Another threw his hands in the air and fell backward from 
the parapet dead. Two others were wounded, how seriously was not 
known. The fight put up by these three Yanks, attacked from all sides, 
from the parapet and from in the trench, caused confusion and extreme 
excitement among the enemy raiding party, who were in turn sur- 
prised by this unexpected show of resistance, and shouting all kinds of 
commands. The three Americans finally managed to fight their way 
-back through the trench to the night post, which was still on duty, but 
in so doing they had to pass over the body of the dead boche stretched 
out full length in the bottom of the trench and Private Bell, who be- 
lieved he saw some signs of life still remaining, made liberal use of 
his iron rifle grenade discharger, the only weapon he had, upon the 
skull of this boche to make certain that he would be a good Hun soldier 
forever after. This particular advance day post extended six hundred 
yards from the main line of resistance into No Man's Land, and the 
night post was three hundred and fifty yards back. 

Immediately after the attack began, the enemy dropped a heavy 
box barrage on the line of resistance and to the rear in the entire sector 
held by Company M, which began about 5:30 a. m. and lasted thirty- 
five minutes. That the Germans had mastered the art of warfare down 
to the finest details, is best illustrated by a description of the mechanism 
and plan of this attack, which was a small enemy raid, and made for 
the purpose of obtaining prisoners for information. Their 77 mm. 
artillery guns dropped shrapnel shells on the night position in P. P. 5, 
and along the entire line of resistance, and on a perpendicular line on 
both sides of the communicating trench leading to the day post, form- 

79 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

ing a box with three sides, from which the name of a "box barrage" 
is derived. At the same time, high explosive shells were dropped in 
the company sector in rear of the line of resistance, and the day posts 
in the P. P.'s on both sides of P. P. 5 was subjected to a machine gun 
barrage from the enemy trenches; the. whole plan being to prevent re- 
inforcements from the rear, or aid from the posts on the flanks going 
to the relief of the troops attacked. When the day party started for 
their post, the platoon in the front line were in their positions in the 
line of resistance "standing to," and while the shells fell thick and fast 
on this line, not a man was injured. Signal rockets calling for a night 
counter barrage were sent up from the night post and relayed to the 
rear as soon as the shelling commenced, but no barrage was delivered 
by our artillery until nearly two hours later. Runners were sent to the 
Company Post of Command through all this shelling with messages 
from the front, and a small counter attack from the night post advanced 
along the trench and on both sides of the parapet, but the enemy had 
gone. The day relief in P. P. 4, which was 400 yards to the right of 
P. P. 5, were advancing to their post about the same time, and the men 
in this relief saw the enemy raiding party which numbered from 30 to 
50 men, as they were leaving, and fired upon them until they disap- 
peared in a sunken road about one hundred yards in front and to the 
left of P. P. 5. They were observed dragging two bodies and carrying 
two more, and two more enemy soldiers were seen to fall as if hit from 
the fire from P. P. 4. When the counter attacking party reached the 
place where Lieutenant Johnson fell, they found him lying on his back, 
but no trace of any dead enemy was found, they having taken all their 
dead and wounded with them. Besides being shot in the stomach, 
Lieutenant Johnson had received another- shot in the forehead. All 
sorts of explosives, including grenades and dynamite, were attached to 
his body with cords in such a manner that if his body was lifted, fuses 
would be ignited and all blown to atoms. The sides of the trench were 
similarly wired with explosives, but fortunately it was noticed in time 
and all explosive removed. The lieutenant's uniform was stripped of 
articles of indentification and his leather leggins taken, presumably as 
proof to secure the bonus which it was understood German soldiers 
received for killing an Allied officer. Some enemy articles of identifi- 
cation was left in the trench, and were turned over to the regimental 
intelligence officer. 

Lieutenant Johnson was the first officer in the Division to be 
killed, and his death was mourned by all, as no officer in the regiment 
was more popular and respected than he, and the officers and men of 
his own company who knew him best admired and idolized him and 

80 



ENEMY RAID ON OUR LINES 

to them his death was like a personal loss. He was prepared for burial 
by men of Company L, and men of Headquarters Company made a 
concrete vault for him. The pine box containing his body was covered 
with an American flag and placed on a one-pound gun carriage and 
drawn through the streets of S'oppe-le-Bas to the little burial ground on 
the side of a hill on the outskirts of the town and laid to rest beside the 
graves of a French and German aviator. Chaplain Dunnigan officiated 
at the ceremony at the grave, which was conducted while enemy shells 
were whizzing and whining through the air just overhead and exploding 
on the hill top a hundred yards away. Brother officers were his pall 
bearers, and among them was Colonel Westnedge. Another life sacri- 
ficed so that democracy and freedom may not perish from the earth. 

The defense made by the three soldiers in this raid against an 
enemy ten times their number, was an inspiration to the men of the 
regiment. Their refusal to surrender, when it would have insured their 
safety, showed the stuff the Yanks were made of. Their conduct in- 
creased the morale and confidence of the regiment and demonstrated 
that the "boche" was not invincible. These brave men who made such 
a gallant fight, were thrice recommended by their officers in the regi- 
ment for the coveted cross for heroism in action, but the best the 
powers that were deemed they deserved was a "citation" by the Com- 
manding General of the A. E. F. A regretable procedure when "Croix 
de Guerres" were awarded for work which never brought the recip- 
ients within the danger zone. But such is the fortunes of war. 

During this period an epidemic of trench fever, called by the 
French the "three-day fever," broke out among the troops in the line, 
placing nearly half of them temporarily out of action. Also, about this 
time, scout units were formed in each battalion, the personnel being 
drawn from the infantry companies, which reduced their strength to 
about 160 men per company. This was a serious situation when it is 
remembered that some companies were holding nearly a mile of front, 
and it necessitated all available troops being used in the front positions 
continuously during the company's tour of duty. That the enemy did 
not relish the reception handed to his elaborately planned raid on 
P. P. 5, was shown when a few days later he attempted to "straff" 
American impudence for not following the rules of combat as laid down 
by him. During the morning of June 26th, three enemy planes could 
be seen flying over No Man's Land in front of "Center of Resistance, 
Biich-Wald." After circling about a few times, the leader was seen to 
glide down from the sky straight toward the day post in P. P. 5, and 
when within a few hundred yards of it he opened fire on the men in 
the post with his machine gun and then glided up and away to his 

81 



HISTOEY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

own line. The other two followed him and repeated the performance. 
Company L was occupying the post, having relieved Company M, 
which moved into support for five days. No casualties were caused. 
On the night of June 30th to July 1st, the 1st Battalion relieved the 
2nd Battalion in the Center of Resistance, Gildwiller, the 2nd Bat- 
talion moving back to the regimental support position in La Chapelle 
and Angeot. About 9 p. m., on June 30th, the 125th Infantry made a 
raid on the German lines near Burnhaupt le Haut, and at 3 a. m., on the 
morning of July 1st, and just as the 1st Battalion had completed the 
relief of the 2nd, the enemy attempted a raid on the right of the bat- 
talion sector and sent over a terrific barrage of 8-inch minnenwerfer 
shells, boxing in our extreme right and a portion of the French line on 
our right, at the same time shelling our line to the right and left. A 
counter barrage was signaled for immediately and this time it came 
without delay, and it was more terrific than the enemy's and their raid- 
ing party did not reach our line, nor were any casualties sustained by 
our men. On the night of July 10th to 11th the 3rd Battalion was 
relieved in Center of Resistance, Biich-Wald, by the 2nd Battalion and 
moved back to the support position. During the morning of July 8th 
there was considerable activity by airplanes on both sides, and one 
enemy plane flying at a great height, was seen to burst in flame. He 
was heading for his own line with a French plane in pursuit. Sud- 
denly the enemy aviator, all aflame, was seen to jump from his 
machine and he came crashing to earth. A moment after he jumped, 
an explosion occurred, and the machinery, with a trail of black smoke, 
came down with the frame of the plane wobbling after. The aviator 
and plane fell in No Man's Land near the enemy line. This was the 
first aerial combat witnessed that had any result. On the night of 
July 8th, Second Lieutenant James M. Wilson, Battalion Scout Officer, 
led a patrol to the enemy line to ascertain if his front line trenches 
were occupied at night. The mission accomplished, the patrol re- 
turned to our line, when it was discovered two members of the patrol 
were missing. The lieutenant, with two members of the patrol, re- 
turned across No Man's Land and found a missing member taking 
refuge in a shell-hole near the enemy wire, and as he crept over to the 
shell-hole he was wounded by two rifle bullets; a third shot went 
through his canteen cover in which he carried hand grenades, but 
luckily none exploded. He brought this man back with him, for which 
act of gallantry he was awarded a distinguished service cross and made 
a member of the "Legion of Honor." On the night of July 15th, the 
enemy's front line trenches were heavily shelled by our artillery with 
gas shells,, to which the enemy retaliated by a heavy counter barrage 

82 




1 French 37 mm. gun, or one-pound cannon, in firing position on trench parapet. Gun crew of 

Headquarters Co. Near Dieffmatten, Alsace, June 25, 1918. 
2. French chau-chat, or automatic rifle, in firing position on parapet of an advanced observation 

post. Near Dieffmatten, Alsace. 
3 Platoon Petty Post, Co. E. Dugout and first line trench near Gildwiller, Alsace, June 27, 1918. 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

upon most of the regimental sector. One enemy shell burst directly- 
over a dugout occupied by a squad of Company C, killing Privates 
Walter R. Miller, Jessie D. S'tegall and Ernest Williams, and seriously 
wounding six other men. 

SPIES 

It was during the early summer months that the regiment was in 
the lines in Alsace, when all the land in rear of the lines was under 
cultivation. The inhabitants were German citizens, and most of them 
German sympathizers, and consequently their villages were immune 
from enemy shells. Our front line was on the eastern edge of a wood, 
almost a mile deep east and west, and the land was tilled right up to 
its western edge. The villagers could be seen daily working in the 
fields, giving no apparent concern to the shells continuously landing in 
our woods or flying overhead to artillery positions a mile to the rear. 
Schools were conducted as before the war and little tots walked to 
school carrying their books and also a gas mask. It was here, without 
a doubt, that some enemy spies went through the lines and delivered 
their information to their masters. Unfortunately, it was difficult to 
prevent it, as our line, over four miles long and held by six companies 
with reduced strength, was too thinly held. For safety against sur- 
prise attack, men were required to be placed in groups sufficiently 
strong to offer some resistance, and this left wide gaps which were 
covered by patrols. That this spy activity existed was evident from 
events that transpired during our service here, some of which we will 
relate. A large German police dog was kept by a family in Dieff- 
matten. He was an ugly brute and frowned upon all efforts at friend- 
ship made by our men, who offered him huge chunks of meat and other 
dog delicacies, but without success. During the day they kept him 
chained, but at night he was turned loose and daylight always found 
him chained to his accustomed place. On several occasions he was 
detected going through our lines over to the enemy's line. He was a 
cunning brute and seldom went through the lines at the same place 
twice, and cleverly evaded our guards and patrols. He was fired at 
several times, but always got away unscathed. It was believed he 
carried messages to the enemy, and guards were stationed to watch 
him and his masters in an endeavor to catch them with the goods. 
This effort brought no results during our tour in the sector and the 
information and suspicion was passed on to the new troops who relieved 
us. All the local inhabitants were required to be in their homes at 
dark, and any civilian caught on the streets after dark was closely 
questioned. A man in civilian clothes was discovered a few times after 

84 



SPIES 

hours going through the back yards of the town and to disappear in 
the darkness before he could be overhauled. One night guards heard 
a man moving through the brush near a company P. C., and an imme- 
diate combing of the vicinity revealed nothing. On another night, 
during a severe electrical storm, a flash of lightning disclosed the figure 
of a man in civilian clothes near a platoon headquarters, and when 
commanded to halt by the guard, he vanished in the inky darkness. 
A half-hour later his presence was again disclosed approaching the 
headquarters, and when fired upon he could be heard running away. 
A search for him was unsuccessful. Early in July an American battery 
of large caliber guns was moved into the woods held by the front line 
companies and began bombarding an enemy battery of large guns 
located near Mulhouse. The enemy tried in vain for several days to 
locate its position. One afternoon two German officers dressed in the 
uniform of French officers accosted a detail of men carrying supper to 
the men in the front line, and in broken English, nervously inquired the 
location of this American battery, without obtaining the desired in- 
formation. The entire sector was immediately scoured, but these spies 
had vanished as if swallowed by the earth. Similar occurrences as 
above related were frequent during our service in the trenches of 
Alsace and added spice to the daily activities on this front. 

Opposing the 32nd Division in this sector were three German Divi- 
sions — the 30th Bavarian Reserve Division, the 44th Landwehr, and 
the 25th Landwehr Divisions. The 30th Bavarian Reserve Division 
occupied the trenches opposite the 126th Infantry, and it was com- 
posed of the 4th Irsatz (new draft) Regiment on the north, the 8th 
Landwehr Regiment in the center, and the 15th Landwehr Regiment 
on the south. The German Spy and Intelligence Service was most 
highly organized and trained. They knew, as we afterwards learned, 
what organizations composed the 32nd Division, and the names of all 
the officers down to and including company commanders of infantry 
and machine gun units. They also had advance information of changes 
in the higher command of the Division and Brigades, and of troop move- 
ments long before it was generally known in the Division. After a 
week of effort, the Germans very nearly spotted the location of the 
American battery and began dropping large shells just behind it, one 
of which hit a house in Dieffmatten, almost wrecking it. Battalion 
Headquarters in Soppe-le-Bas and Hecken were known to them, and 
toward the latter part of our tour in this sector, the enemy shelled the 
3rd Battalion Headquarters in Soppe-le-Bas and also dropped some in 
the village of Hecken, several striking the house in which Captain Robert 
Spear, of the Medical Detachment, was billeted, completely destroying 

85 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

his domicile. Fortunately for the Captain, he was absent at the time. 
This was the first time in three years that the Germans dropped any 
shells in the Alsacian villages behind our lines, and no doubt it was 
actuated by the Yankee activity, which picked up from the time the 
Yanks entered the sector and changed to a fairly active one by the 
time we left it. 

LIFE IN THE TRENCHES' 
The regiment entered the Alsace sector in high spirits, every sol- 
dier being anxious to see real trenches and No Man's Land. They were 
diligent students of trench warfare, and made rapid progress. While 
in the sector, no pretentious operations were undertaken, and few 
offensive raids of any size were attempted by either side, yet there was 
plenty of action, and patrols went out into No Man's Land almost- 
nightly. The narrow strip of ground lying between the enemy's line 
and ours, called "No Man's Land," had been without cultivation 
almost four long years, and had grown into a desolate territory of 
weeds, bushes and other wild vegetation, where formerly fields of fine 
growing crops stood. Hard stone roads crossed No Man's Land in 
every direction, being the links that connected the villages on both 
sides of it, but now they were overgrown with grass and weeds and 
entirely disappeared, except that the cuts and fills remaining showed 
where the road grade used to be. No Man's Land was literally pox- 
marked with shell-holes, and old abandoned and caved-in trenches cut 
up the ground in front of the occupied trenches. Band after band of 
barbed wire entanglement stretched everywhere, almost coming to- 
gether where the opposing lines were closest. The stillness of the night 
was like the silence of the grave, broken now and then by an occa- 
sional put-put-put of a machine gun, or a lone rifle shot, or the distant 
boom of a cannon, or the explosion of a hand grenade thrown by a 
nervous sentinel, every shot or explosion sounding ten times louder 
than normal in the awful stillness. When at night the sentinel, for 
the first time, stood his lonely watch and peered out into No Man's 
Land, trying to penetrate the darkness before him, his imagination 
made things, after a brief time, look uncanny. Every object took on 
the shape of men, and in a few minutes more they were moving, and 
soon a whole regiment was on the move. To assure himself that his 
eyes were not deceiving him, over would go a grenade and when the 
object did not move, he knew it was nervousness, and the army he had 
imagined was but the weeds, bushes and wire entanglement posts. 
Listening with all intensity for the slightest sound, something moving 
in the grass brought a shot from his rifle, and a rat would scamper 
away into the tall weeds. Suddenly a rocket is sent up from the 

86 



LIFE IN THE TRENCHES 

enemy's line, leaving a bright light floating high in the air, lighting up 
No Man's Land. A nervous boche has sent up a flare. After two hours 
of this a kick awakened his buddy who continued the silent vigil for 
two hours more. The patrols who went out into No Man's Land on 
missions of ambuscade, or to secure information, lay out in the night 
for hours without moving a limb. Sometimes they met an enemy patrol, 
who scampered away in the darkness before they could come to grips ; 
other times while in the enemy wire, a flare would light up the ground 
as bright as day and not a muscle was moved from the instant the flare 
burned until it went out, or all would be lost. After lying still for 
hours and chilled to the bone, the return to our lines was welcome. 
Sometimes these patrols penetrated far into the enemy lines and re- 
turned with valuable information. Daylight was always welcome for 
the relief it brought to the mental strain which grew during the night. 
Such was a doughboy's first experience of life in the trenches. 

By the time our tour had ended in this sector, every man had fired 
at least one shot in the direction of the boche line, whether he saw 
anything or not; just so he could truthfully say that he had shot at the 
Huns. The boche was always busy and many mornings his planes 
circled low over our lines an hour before daylight, and not a day or 
night went by without the enemy dropped shells in our sector, many 
of which were duds. Besides the Germans, we encountered other 
enemies in the trenches, namely, the rats and cooties. The former 
were not molested much by the French, as they looked upon them as 
instruments of warning against the presence of poisonous gas, for a 
slight dose made them turn up their toes. As a consequence, they were 
quite numerous and some nearly attained the size of a cat. They were 
not welcomed by our men and were disposed of at every opportunity. 
The cooties were a pest that hung on almost up to the time we started 
on our return journey to the states. They made life miserable and 
shirt reading was a daily routine. Incidentally, our great holidays, 
Memorial Day and the Fourth of July, were spent in the trenches by 
the greater part of the regiment. In this service the regiment acquired 
confidence in its ability to cope with the enemy, and now that the tour 
of duty in Alsace was nearing its completion, the officers and men of all 
ranks felt certain that they could give a good account of themselves 
anywhere. 

On July 18th, preparations began for the withdrawal of the 32nd 
Division from the Alsace sector. On the night of July 18th to 19th, the 
1st Battalion was relieved in the Center of Resistance, Gildwiller, by 
a Battalion of the 319th Infantry Regiment (French) and moved in 
billets in Bellemagny and St. Cosme. On the night of July 20th to 

87 



HISTORY OF THE 12 6 th INFANTRY 

21st, the 2nd Battalion was relieved in the Center of Resistance, Biich- 
wald, by a Battalion of the 205th French Infantry Regiment and moved 
to Eteimbes and Bretten. On the night of July 19th, the 3rd Battalion 
moved to the woods near Vauthiermont and the Machine Gun Com- 
pany moved to La Riviere. That part of the Headquarters Company 
stationed at Soppe-le-Bas also moved to Vauthiermont, where French 
barracks were occupied. These shifts were preparatory to the removal 
of the regiment to some other front, and it was assembled in the vicin- 
ity of Vauthiermont, where it was to entrain, and at the same time to 
make room for the French troops who were to take over the sector, 
and which was soon to be taken over by the 29th National Guard Divi- 
sion, advance units of which were beginning to arrive. The casualties 
of the regiment while in the Alsace sector was one officer and eight men 
killed, and three officers and 27 men wounded. On July 22, 1918, just 
after the 63rd Brigade was withdrawn from the Alsace sector, Brig- 
adier General Louis C. Covell was ordered to a Field and General 
Officers' School and Brigadier General William D. Connor (formerly 
Colonel Connor, Chief of Staff of the 32nd Division) , was assigned to 
command the Brigade. The loss of General Covell was very keenly 
felt by every man in the Brigade. He was the former Colonel of the 
old 32nd Michigan Infantry Regiment, and had an attachment and 
interest in the welfare and good of the organization, which was well 
known to every member of the regiment. General Covell was the 
victim of that army machine, which decreed that none but generals 
of the regular army should command troops in the line. 




IN FRONT LINE NEAR THE VESLE RIVER. (Pencil Sketch.) 



CHAPTER VI 

FROM THE ALSACE DEFENSIVE SECTOR TO CHATEAU- 
THIERRY 



"JOURNEY TO VERBERIE" 

DURING the early morning hours of July 24, 1918, the regi- 
ment began to entrain at Vauthiermont for a secret destina- 
tion, but the French Poilies were kind enough to inform us 
secretly that we were going to the active front at Chateau-Thierry. 
Four trains were required to move the regiment, Headquarters and the 
Auxiliary companies going on the first train, which started on its 
journey at 3:00 a. m. with the usual complement of "40 Hommes or 8 
Cheveaux." The three battalions followed in order of number, the 
3rd Battalion, the last to leave, moving at 9:00 a. m. Flat cars were 
added to each train and machine guns were mounted on them with a 
section of the machine gun company to man them. This precaution 
was taken to guard against possible attack by some overzealous enemy 
avion when the trains neared the fighting zone. The route traveled 
extended from eastern France across the country to north of Paris, 
passing through Belfort, Langres, Chaumont, Troyes, Sens, Monte- 
reau and Paris. At the latter city the trains pulled part way into the 
railroad yards, and then were switched over to another track which 
led out of the city to the north, just giving us a glimpse of the ancient 
walls surrounding the city, the Eiffel tower and other prominent build- 
ings. The people of Paris were in high spirits at the news from the 
Marne front, where the great counter offensive was driving the Hun 
away from their back doors, and handkerchiefs and flags were waved 
from every window and doorway as our trains sped through the city. 
From Paris the route was northeast to Verberie, where the regiment 
detrained the morning and afternoon of July 25, 1918. This town was 
about 40 kilometers from Paris and in the rear of the Compiegne front, 
and was one of the railheads for General Mangin's Tenth French 
Army. It was less than 15 kilometers from the front line and many 
French observation balloons could be seen. Upon detraining, the 
Regimental Headquarters, Headquarters and Supply Companies, and 
1st Battalion marched to Villeneuve-sur-Verberie, the 2nd Battalion 

89 ' 




90 



JOURNEY TO CHATEAU- THIERRY 

to a woods three kilometers south of Villeneuve, the Machine Gun 
Company to Noel-St. Martin, and the 3rd Battalion to Villers-St. 
Frambourg, at which places the various organizations were billeted or 
bivouacked. 

As we settled in our new billets everyone expected that we would 
have a nice rest for at least a week before going to the front, although 
we knew that we were destined to enter the great battle going on in 
the Marne salient, where the American soldiers were forcing the 
"Boche" to backstep for the first time in many months. However, our 
rest proved to be very brief, for on the night of July 26th-27th, runners 
were out with orders to prepare to move in the morning, and after a 
hasty breakfast, which turned out to be our last warm meal for seven 
days for most of the organizations and longer for others, the regiment 
assembled along the Senlis road south of Villeneuve-sur-Verberie, and 
were loaded into French trucks with twenty-five men per truck, and 
at 12 o'clock sharp the entire regiment, except the Supply Company, 
Company kitchen personnel, kitchens and ration carts, machine gun 
and one-pound cannon carts, and regimental wagon train, was moved 
to Chateau-Thierry. Our destination at the start was still unknown 
to us, and our knowledge of what was going on in the Second Battle of 
the Marne was vague and indefinite. The distance was over sixty kilo- 
meters and our journey took us through Villers-Cotterets and La Ferte 
Milon. At the latter town we saw many German artillery pieces of all 
calibers, captured during the Allied counter offensive then in progress. 
These pieces were assembled in the town square and numbered close 
to a hundred. Beyond La Ferte Milon, the route passed through terri- 
tory within the battle zone of the present counter offensive, and the 
evidence of recent fighting had not yet been cleared away. Battered 
villages and shell-holes covered the landscape, and the fox holes used 
by the combatants could be seen, as well as abandoned war material, 
chief among which were German helmets. A few dead Germans still 
remained unburied. The worst shelled town we passed was the little 
village of Vaux, about four kilometers west of Chateau-Thierry. While 
many walls remained standing, the houses not completely demolished 
were roofless and windowless. Every hundred square feet of the yards 
and ground adjacent to the village had at least one large shell-hole, 
the result of American artillery fire, and it is a safe conclusion that no 
German came out of it unscathed. The now famous town of Chateau- 
Thierry was reached at 7:00 p. m., July 27th, where the regiment de- 
trained in the square on the north side of the Marne River, and 

91 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

marched through Brasles to the Bois de Barbillon, about three kilo- 
meters northeast of Chateau-Thierry, where we rested for the night. 

CHATEAU-THIERRY 

Chateau-Thierry was a city of considerable importance and prom- 
inence in the history of France. In 1914 the Germans' rapid advance 
into France carried them to the town and the Marne River, from where 
they were forced to retire to the Aisne River by the admirable counter 
attack of General Joffrey's French army. Again, in June, 1918, the 
Germans occupied the town, but were unable to cross the Marne. 
During their short stay in the town, the Germans ransacked every 
building and house, and everything of value, including priceless art 
treasures, was either removed or destroyed. The interior of houses, 
unharmed by shell-fire, were complete wrecks. The Hun had torn to 
shreds the bedding, clothing and carpets, and furniture and dishes were 
broken to bits. The streets were littered with the debris of fallen walls, 
and the southern arch of the ancient bridge was blown up by the Huns 
when they evacuated the town as a result of the Allied counter offensive 
of July 18, 1918. 

Our temporary home in the Bois de Barbillon gave us plenty of 
evidence that we were nearing the scene of actual conflict, as these 
woods had been subjected to considerable shelling. Shell-holes ap- 
peared in all directions, and many trees were shattered, leaving only 
stumps of what was once full-grown oaks and maple trees. These 
woods had been drenched with gas, much of which in liquid form was 
still standing in shell-holes. These places were appropriately marked 
with danger signs. The odor from human corpses filled the woods, and 
upon investigation it was found that some of the enemy dead had been 
only partially buried, so a burial detail was organized and the dead 
given a more decent burial. We rested here just one night, as on the 
next day, which was Sunday, July 28th, orders came at 3:00 p. m. to 
be ready to move, and at 6 o'clock in the afternoon the regiment pro- 
ceeded toward the front. As no wagon transportation was available, all 
company baggage and records were left behind, and the march made 
on foot, the troops carrying all their equipment. The route was through 
Mont St. Pere and Beuvardes to the Foret de Fere, a distance of eleven 
kilometers. 

FIRST NIGHT MARCH TO ACTIVE FRONT 

After passing Mont St. Pere the road followed ran almost due 
north and always nearer the front. The night was cloudy and very 
dark, which made the flashes from the big guns in the distance appear 

92 



UNDER SHELL-FIRE 

more vivid against the black skyline, as our batteries sent shell after 
shell into the German positions. Still farther in the distance the flashes 
of light from the German guns appeared like distant lightning flashes. 
Toward this scene the troops marched in deep silence, thinking hard to 
penetrate this veil of mystery which was before them and which they 
were slowly approaching. After a few hours we arrived within our own 
artillery positions, and all of a sudden and without warning, out of the 
darkness alongside of the road, our heavy batteries boomed forth a 
salvo of shots which almost threw us off our feet. Then the warning 
of "gas," given by the leading elements, was passed down through the 
column, and gas masks were quickly adjusted. After a few minutes 
of this it was discovered that the gas alarm was due to some nervous 
soldier, who whiffed the burning powder of our own cannons, and the 
masks were removed. As we neared the front, these false gas alarms 
became more frequent, but as the thoughts of cloud gas was always 
present, these alarms were always heeded until the gas officers were 
satisfied there was no gas. Also, progress of the march became more 
and more interrupted as the road congestion increased. The road we 
were on was also being used for wagon and truck transportation of 
ammunition and supplies, and the column was forced to make repeated 
halts. On approaching Beuvardes, the first American dead soldier was 
passed. He was on a litter, and died while being carried to the field 
hospital. A little farther on, the dead body of a doughboy was lying 
in the gutter, his head having been blown off by a shell. It goes with- 
out saying that this night's march, the regiment's first experience in 
going to a front where a battle was raging, made a deep impression on 
everyone, and brought home to all more vividly the hazard and serious- 
ness of war. 

UNDER SHELL-FIRE 

In passing through Beuvardes the column swung into single file, 
with intervals between companies and platoons, as this village was 
well within the range of the enemy's artillery. This • formation was 
maintained as the regiment marched two kilometers farther on the 
Beuvardes-Fresnes Road into the Foret de Fere, where it arrived at 
3:00 a. m., July 29th, and bivouacked the remainder of the night. In 
general, the troops were in ignorance of their position, and we did not 
know where the front line was until daylight, when we learned we were 
within three kilometers of it. Hardly had packs been unrolled when 
the Germans commenced to shell the woods. The woods contained 
considerable undergrowth and bushes, and in the darkness one could 
not see beyond a few feet; neither was there any cover against shell- 

93 







94 



UNDER SHELL- FIRE 

fire, and as the shells fell and exploded among us, there was nothing to 
do but lie still and take the bombardment. This shelling lasted until 
daylight and resulted in four men being killed and fifteen wounded, as 
follows: Company D, 3 men wounded; Company E, 3 men killed and 
5 men wounded; Company F, 1 man wounded; Company G, 2 men 
wounded; Company H, 1 man killed and 3 men wounded; Company M, 
1 man wounded. Total casualties, 19. As soon as the regiment arrived 
in its place in the woods, one gas guard to each platoon was posted 
with orders to relay all gas alarm signals, which was three rifle shots. 
Considerable nervousness was manifested by the gas guards, as not 
less than nine alarms were sounded between 3:00 a. m. and daylight, 
and these alarms, together with the bombardment, made sleep out of 
the question, in spite of our fatigue after being on our feet nine hours 
and carrying heavy packs. Our present situation made all realize that 
we were now under fire in one of the great battles of the war, but still 
inexperienced in facing bayonets and bullets from rifles and machine 
guns. The vision of this ordeal caused all to hope that our courage 
would remain steadfast in the trial soon to come, and not a few silent- 
battles, of mind over body, was fought as we lay in these woods. 

When daylight came, it was deemed advisable to move the regi- 
ment to a safer part of the woods, and at 7:00 a. m. the regiment moved 
back two kilometers in a southernly direction just west of the Croix 
Rouge Farm and in the Bois de Beuvardes, which was a part of the 
Foret de Fere, where we remained until the next evening. The 42nd 
Division had fought through these woods and the American and Ger- 
man dead had not yet been buried. Some ghastly sights met our eyes. 
One American doughboy was killed while firing his rifle from a kneel- 
ing position. His head was split in two, one-half remaining erect and 
the other falling on his raised arm, while his body remained in its 
former kneeling position. 

The woods were full of American and French artillery and during 
the day and night kept up a constant fire on the enemy, and conse- 
quently drew enemy artillery fire, many shells being gas shells, and 
our slumber was repeatedly disturbed by gas alarms as on the pre- 
vious night. During the day of July 30th, orders to take over the front 
line that night were issued to the regiment. The Supply Company and 
Regimental Wagon Train, which came overland from the Verberie sector, 
did not arrive until towards evening. We had been separated from our 
kitchens almost four days now, and had no warm meal since the break- 
fast on the morning of July 27th, and their arrival was surely welcome 
and it was hoped we would be able to get another warm and cooked 
meal before moving up to the front. In this we were disappointed, as 

95 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

the kitchens were stalled on the road about a kilometer away on 
account of the traffic congestion, and were unable to move up to our 
position before the regiment marched away to the front. All this time 
we had been living on field rations, which consisted of canned corned 
beef, canned baked beans and hard bread, which were carried in the 
haversacks, and as only two days' rations are carried by each man, 
this supply was about exhausted. 



^*$^Mt, 




Village of Vaux after its destruction by American and French artillery. Road 
leads to Chateau-Thierry, four kilometers away. 




Stretcher bearers carrying wounded to first aid dressing station of 1st Battalion, 
126th Infantry, near Courmont, Aug. 1, 1918. 



96 



CHAPTER VII 
THE AISNE-MARNE OFFENSIVE 



A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF AMERICAN PARTICIPATION IN THE 
SECOND BATTLE OF THE MARNE 

BEFORE entering upon a statement of the part taken by the 126th 
Infantry in the now historically great Aisne-Marne offensive, it 
may be opportune to give a brief account of the part taken in 
this offensive by the American Divisions which participated in the first 
allied counter-offensive in many months, and which turned the tide of 
war in the Allies' favor. 

On July 15th, the date of the last German offensive, the 1st, 2nd, 
3rd and 26th Divisions, were on the Chateau-Thierry front, with the 
4th and 28th in support; the 42nd Division was in support of the 
French east of Rheims. The enemy had encouraged his soldiers to 
believe that the July 15th attack would conclude the war with a German 
peace. Although he made elaborate plans for the operation, he failed 
to conceal fully his intentions, and the front of attack was suspected 
at least one week ahead. On the Champagne front the actual hour for 
the assault was known and the enemy was checked with heavy losses. 
The 42nd Division entered the line near Somme Py immediately. 
Southwest of Rheims and along the Marne to the east of Chateau- 
Thierry the Germans were at first somewhat successful, a penetration 
of eight kilometers south of the Marne being effected against the French 
immediately to the right of our 3rd Division. 

The initial plan for the counter-attack involved the entire western 
face of the Marne salient, from Chateau-Thierry to west of Soissons. 
The 1st and 2nd American Divisions, with the 1st French Moroccan 
Division between them, attacked eastward to the heights south of 
Soissons. The advance began on July 18th and broke through the 
enemy's infantry defenses and overran his artillery, interrupting the 
German communications leading into the salient. A general with- 
drawal from the Marne was immediately begun by the enemy. The 
1st Division in four days advanced eleven kilometers and captured the 
heights south of Soissons, when it was relieved by a British Division. 
The 2nd Division in two days advanced ten kilometers and was facing 

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HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

Tigny when it was relieved the night of the 19th by a French Division. 
A little to the south of the 2nd Division, the 4th Division was in line 
with the French and was engaged until July 22nd. The 1st American 
Corps, consisting of the 26th American Division and a French Division, 
acted as pivot of the movement toward S'oissons, capturing Torcy on 
the 18th, and reaching the Chateau-Thierry-Soissons road on the 21st, 
having advanced twelve kilometers. At the same time the 3rd Divi- 
sion crossed the Marne east of Chateau-Thierry and took the heights 
of Mont Saint Peter and the villages of Charteves and Jaulgonne. 

In the 1st Corps, the 42nd Division relieved the 26th Division on 
July 25th and extended its front on the 26th, relieving the French 
division. From this time until August 2nd, it fought its way through the 
Foret-de-Fere and across the Ourcq, advancing toward the Vesle until 
relieved by the 4th Division on August 3rd. Early in this period 
elements of the 28th Division participated in the advance. 

Further to the east the 3rd Division forced the enemy back to 
Roncheres Wood, where it was relieved, on July 30th, by the 32nd 
Division. The 32nd, after relieving the 3rd and some elements of the 
28th Division on the line of the Ourcq River, advanced abreast of the 
42nd toward the Vesles. On August 3rd it passed under control of our 
3rd Corps, which made its first appearance in battle at this time, while 
the 4th Division took up the task of the 42nd and advanced with the 
32nd to the Vesles River, where, on August 6th, the operations for the 
reduction of the Marne salient terminated. 

GOING INTO THE FRONT LINE 

When the enemy was driven from the positions he held at Chateau- 
Thierry and the Marne River, he determined to make a stand along 
the Ourcq River. The 3rd and elements of the 28th Divisions had fol- 
lowed him to the river, and were constantly engaged with his rear-guard 
elements. On July 30th, the American troops reached a line extending 
from Fere-en-Tardenois to Roncheres. That part of the river from 
Sergy to Courmont was still within the German line. It was here that 
the 32nd Division first met the enemy in a major battle. The Ourcq 
River has its source near the southern outskirts of the little village of 
Roncheres, and winds its way in a northwesterly direction, passing to 
the south of the villages of Cierges and Sergy, until it reaches Fere-en- 
Tardenois, where it turns in a westerly direction. The American sector 
covered the center of the salient from west of Fere-en-Tardenois to 
southeast of Roncheres, and stretched out in a sort of semi-circle. The 
Ourcq River, near its source, is a small stream and drains the surround- 
ing high lands. In the vicinity of Cierges and Sergy it is not over eight 

100 



GOING INTO THE FRONT LINE 

feet wide, with steep banks. At Fere-en-Tardenois it becomes con- 
siderably wider, and beyond that town it blossoms into a river of some 
size. Wooded hills lined the northern bank of the river, and Hill 212 
lay east of Sergy, with Jomplets Woods east of this hill and north of 
Cierges. Planchett Woods and the Pelger Woods lay directly north. 
The country south and west of the river was rolling and open ground 
and under direct observation of the high ground and woods north of 
the river. 

On the morning of July 30th, a conference of all unit commanders 
of the 63rd Infantry Brigade was held and orders and instructions 
issued for relieving the 28th Division during the night and covering 
the dispositions of the battalions of the two regiments. In the after- 
noon the battalion and company commanders made a personal recon- 
naissance of the positions to be taken over, and at 7:30 p. m. the regi- 
ment marched from its reserve position in the Bois de Beuvardes in the 
following order: 1st Battalion, Machine Gun Company, 3rd and 2nd 
Battalions went by paths and trails through the eastern portion of the 
Foret de Fere until the road to Fresnes was reached, and at the latter 
village the 1st Battalion turned east and passed through Courmont, 
while the Machine Gun Company halted south of Fresnes and con- 
tinued to Courmont in the morning. The 3rd Battalion went through 
Fresnes and took up a support position northeast of the town, while 
the 2nd Battalion, which was in reserve, halted south of Fresnes. The 
1st and 2nd Battalions of the 125th Infantry and the 1st Battalion of 
the 126th relieved the 109th Infantry, and the 2nd and 3rd Battalions 
of the 126th Infantry and the 3rd Battalion of the 125th relieved the 
110th Infantry, the several reliefs being accomplished before daylight. 

At the time of making this relief, one battalion of the 109th 
Infantry was holding a position along the left bank of the Ourcq 
River and facing east, with its right flank near the northern limits of 
Courmont. Another battalion extended the line on its left in a north- 
erly direction. The 110th Infantry had two battalions in line and to 
the left of the 109th Infantry, extending the front in a northwesterly 
direction, so that the left battalion of the 110th Infantry was facing 
northeast, with its left just southeast of Sergy. The 42nd Division was 
in line to the left, holding the village of Sergy, at which point the Ourcq 
had been crossed. Two battalions of the 125th held the front on the 
right of the brigade sector, with the 1st Battalion of the 126th in sup- 
port and temporarily assigned to the 125th Infantry. The 3rd Battalion 
of the 125th held the left of the brigade sector, with the 3rd Battalion 
of the 126th in support near the Chateau de Fresnes, and the 2nd 
Battalion of the 126th in Brigade reserve near the town of Fresnes. The 

101 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

front held by the Brigade was three and one-half kilometers in length. 

THE FIRST ATTACK 

The following day, July 31st, an attack in the brigade sector was 
ordered. The zero hour for the attack was 2 o'clock in the afternoon, 
but some battalion commanders did not receive the attack orders until 
after the zero hour. The plan of attack was to cross the Ourcq River 
and take Hill 212, the village of Cierges, and Jomblets Woods. This 
plan required the right flank to execute a turning movement toward the 
north. The attack was carried out by the three battalions of the 125th 
Infantry, with the 1st and 3rd Battalions, 126th Infantry, in support, 
and the 2nd Battalion in Brigade reserve. The attack was made with- 
out artillery preparation. On the right, the attacking troops moved 
east and crossed the Ourcq River at a point just north of Courmont. 
The right battalion moved through the northern half of Grimpettes 
Woods, and when the left battalion reached the top of the hill north- 
west of these woods, the direction of advance was changed to north, 
and its left became a pivot on which the line swung to the left, and the 
attack continued north toward the village of Cierges, which town was 
taken. When the advance on this part of the brigade sector halted for 
the night, the 1st Battalion of the 125th Infantry was in line along the 
east and west road leading east out of Cierges, with its left in the 
center of the town and its right extending beyond the village limits. 
The left battalion of the 125th had advanced about 400 yards farther 
and halted on the Cierges-S'ergy road, its right resting at the fork of 
the road which leads to Chamery. 

The 1st Battalion, 126th Infantry, which was in support, advanced 
with the front line with Company C on right and D on left as battalion 
first line, and Companies A and B in support, and by dark had moved 
on a line with the right battalion of the 125th Infantry and halted on 
the Cierges-Fere en Tardenois road, its right in the center of Cierges 
and its left extending about 300 yards beyond the western edge of the 
town. During the first half of the night the 2nd Battalion of the 125th 
Infantry, which was in advance, withdrew to the rear to reorganize and 
later took up a support position. While going down the northern slope 
of the hill north of Cierges, Company A passed through a heavy 
artillery barrage, which passed over the troops in advance, and as a 
consequence suffered many casualties. Company B, which was the 
right company of the battalion support line, instead of turning to the 
north with the remainder of the line, continued to advance east and 

102 



IN FIRST ATTACK 

lost connection with the battalion and halted for the night in the 
northern edge of Grimpettes Woods. 

The enemy had placed a large Red Cross flag in the steeple of 
the church in Cierges, indicating the location of a first-aid dressing 
station, and as the line approached the town, it was discovered that 
enemy snipers were located in the church steeple and causing many 
casualties to our troops. These snipers were soon brought to account 
when our troops entered the town, no quarter being asked and none 
given to these enemies. 

The road occupied by Companies C and D had a high bank on 
the side toward the enemy and afforded excellent cover. Company A 
was not so fortunate. It was slightly in rear in support and had to 
seek cover behind the banks of a small creek which emptied into the 
Ourcq a little further west, where the men stood in the water all night 
and suffered many casualties during the night from the enemy shells 
which exploded in their midst. 

In the left brigade sector the 3rd Battalion, 125th Infantry, made 
the attack, with the 3rd Battalion, 126th Infantry, supporting the 
attack. At the jump off the attacking battalion was in line on the 
northern slope of the hill just east of the La Mott farm. The direction 
of attack was northeast and the objective was Hill 212. The attack 
was made over exposed ground covered by enemy fire from this hill, 
Jomblets Woods, and the town of Cierges. The Ourcq was crossed and 
the line nearly reached the crest of Hill 212, finally halting on a line 
facing northeast on the southern slope near the hill crest, while the 
enemy still occupied the top of the hill. The 3rd Battalion, 126th 
Infantry, followed the advancing battalion with Companies I and K 
in the first line, and Companies M and L in support. In passing over 
the open ground south of the Ourcq, the battalion was in plain view 
of the enemy, with only shell-holes for cover. The last kilometer was 
made through a heavy artillery fire, which was densest at the Ourcq 
River, and while some casualties were had, they were remarkably few 
considering the density of the shelling and lack of cover. It is need- 
less to say that shell-holes were in great demand and, in fact, the 
advance was made from shell-hole to shell-hole. The 3rd Battalion 
crossed the river just before dusk and found some shelter from the 
enemy's artillery fire behind the high bank on the Cierges-Fere en 
Tardenois road, where it halted for the night, its right connecting with 
Company D's left, and the left with troops of the 42nd Division, which 
was on the left of the American front. The 2nd Battalion advanced in 
reserve and halted for the night a kilometer northeast of Fresnes. 

The 1st and 3rd Battalions were shelled all night long and sleep 

103 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

was out of the question for most of us. An old mill, called "Min. 
Caranda," was located to the rear of our front position and on the 
banks of the Ourcq River. The 125th Infantry used this mill as a 
first-aid dressing station and while it was filled with wounded men, it 
was wrecked by a direct hit by a shell, and two medical officers and 
fourteen wounded men were killed. 

This was the regiment's first experience in a battle. It was the 
first time it came under the direct fire of the enemy in battle, and while 
thus far we had only been acting in support, yet a sufficient initiation 
into the fury and hell of modern warfare was received from this day's 
action to convince all that this affair was no church picnic. As we 
endured the shock and crash of the everlasting screaming shells 
throughout the night, always with a feeling that the next shell would 
be your last, many a brave heart prayed for the morning dawn for 
relief from this dreadful nightmare. 

The distance gained in the advance for the day averaged two kilo- 
meters, and the casualties of the regiment were 5 killed and 53 wounded, 
as follows: Company A, 3 killed and 9 wounded; Company B, 6 
wounded; Company D, 2 wounded; Company G, 3 wounded; Company 
H, 6 wounded; Company I, 1 wounded; Company K, 8 wounded; Com- 
pany L, 2 killed and 8 wounded; Company M, 7 wounded; Machine Gun 
Company, 2 wounded, and 1 officer in Headquarters Company wounded. 

OVER THE TOP THE FIRST TIME 

August 1. This day is one of the most memorable days in the 
history of the regiment. It was the first time that the regiment had 
the advance in an attack, and the events of the day brought forth that 
it was to be the hottest scrap the regiment had during the entire war; 
its casualties was the greatest for any one day — nearly one-fifth of its 
personnel actually engaged in the battle were either killed or wounded. 

About 1 o'clock a. m., word was received that orders would be 
issued for a renewal of the attack of the previous day, and in due time 
orders were received that the 1st and 3rd Battalions of the 126th 
Infantry were to attack the enemy and drive them out of Jomblets 
Woods. The plan of attack provided for the 1st Battalion to advance 
due north from its positions and attack the woods from the south. The 
3rd Battalion was to move toward Sergy and advance from this position 
across the southern slope of Hill 212 and attack the woods from the 
west. Maps were furnished to the battalion commanders concerned, 
but they availed little for the reason that there was no place where the 
maps could be studied by candlelight for fear of exposing our position 
to the enemy ; coats were thrown over a fox hole for protection against 

104 








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CM CD 







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105 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

showing any light and the map was studied by the light from matches, 
but little information was obtained from the maps. 

In the orders delivered to the 1st Battalion, the zero hour for the 
attack was set for 3:30 a. m., while in the orders delivered to the 3rd 
Battalion the zero hour was changed at the last minute to 4:30 a. m. 
A short artillery preparation, commencing at 3:30 a. m., preceded the 
attack, our shells falling in the woods, which was strongly held by the 
enemy. The 1st Battalion, less Company B, which had not yet re- 
joined it, commenced the attack at 3:30 and while it was still dark; 
Company C was on the right and Company D on the left, with Com- 
pany A in support. The Machine Gun Company was assigned to this 
battalion with orders to support the advance. The entire battalion 
moved forward in battle formation, consisting of several skirmish lines, 
one behind the other. It advanced until within 100 yards of the 
southern side of Jomblets Woods, when a brief halt was made until our 
artillery fire ceased, when it continued the advance and encountered 
strong machine gun fire, which did not stop the advance and the first 
line soon came to grips with the enemy and forced him out of that 
portion of the woods with the bayonet and reached the southern edge 
of the Planchette Woods about two hundred yards north of Jomblets 
Woods. In compliance with its orders, the 3rd Battalion advanced 
upon the woods from the west at 4:30 a. m. It also advanced in battle 
formation with the platoons extended in skirmish lines, which formation 
was a deployment in depth. I Company was on the left and M Com- 
pany on the right, with L Company in support. The night previous two 
platoons each from Companies I, K and M went forward to assist the 
3rd Battalion, 125th Infantry, in a contemplated night attack to push 
the enemy off of Hill 212, but the artillery preparation did not 
materialize and it was abandoned, and all the platoons returned to 
their companies by midnight, except the 3rd Platoon of Company M, 
which remained temporarily attached to the 3rd Battalion, 125th 
Infantry. During the night K Company was sent to the rear and did 
not come up in time to take part in the attack. One company of the 
120th Machine Gun Battalion was assigned to the 3rd Battalion. The 
advance of this battalion began in the grey of the morning and was 
somewhat protected from the enemy by the crest of the hill until the 
Sergy-Cierges road was reached, when it encountered enemy machine 
gun and rifle fire from Jomblets and Planchette Woods, but the ad- 
vancing lines continued straight on to its objective and entered the 
woods, which was now filled with the smoke of battle and visibility 
became very poor. Here we observed a lesson in German military 
efficiency and co-ordination. At this early hour, an enemy observation 

106 



OVER THE TOP 

balloon was up not over five kilometers behind their first line and was 
able to clearly see the movement of this battalion, and the first line 
had hardly reached the woods when two enemy planes flew low over 
the troops and sent messages back to their artillery by wireless of what 
was going on and before the second lines of the leading companies had 
reached the woods, the enemy began shelling the ground between the 
road and woods, but the battalion continued on and reached the Cierges- 
Chamery road and dug in along the northern edge of Jomblets Woods. 
Company L took up a support position along the Sergy-Cierges road, 
and later a platoon of this company entered the woods to mop up 
behind the advance companies and then reported back to its company. 
No sooner was the enemy cleared out of the woods when he prepared 
for a counter-attack and drenched the western portion of the woods 
with a terrific shell fire which lasted an hour. This artillery fire was 
so heavy that our troops withdrew from the woods, except Companies 
I and M, who were in the eastern part of the woods and virtually cut 
off. After the shelling stopped, the enemy counter-attacked in solid 
formation from two flanks. He advanced in columns of four abreast 
from Planchette Woods on our left, and from the vicinity of Reddy 
Farm on our right, and extending his lines when entering the northern 
edge of the woods. Only the two companies remained to meet this 
attack and the contending forces were so close to each other that 
pistols and bayonets were used. The few troops remaining were greatly 
outnumbered by the enemy, and after suffering many casualties, and in 
danger of being surrounded, the two companies fought their way out 
and occupied the lines established by our troops just outside the woods, 
where our line remained until the following morning. 

While our casualties on this day, August 1, 1918, was the heaviest 
of any day during the entire war, the casualties of the enemy was 
several times greater than ours. The southern slope of Hill 212 and 
the slope south of Jomblets Woods was covered with dead enemy bodies, 
and in some places they were so thick that we had to pick our way 
through them in advancing toward the woods. There were over 385 
enemy dead in the woods itself, 17 enemy corpses being counted in a 
space one hundred feet square, and they were as thick in many other 
places in the woods. 

Many brave deeds were performed on this day which will never be 
recorded. One little corporal and a big burly "Boche" engaged in a 
bayonet duel. The Boche entered the fray with all the confidence his 
superior size and strength could give him, but the corporal was not 
undaunted, and met and parried every thrust of his big antagonist and 
quickly taking advantage of an opening, drove his bayonet into his 

107 




108 



HOW THE ENEMY FOUGHT 

opponent, and withdrew it by a quick yank. The bayonet came out 
easier than he expected, and before the corporal could recover himself, 
he had turned two complete back somersaults. Sergeant Dougald 
Ferguson, Machine Gun Company, was leading his machine gun squad 
in the attack when they were stopped by an enemy machine gun nest 
directly in front of them. Sergeant Ferguson crawled forward alone 
and got in behind the three enemy gunners, rushed their position and, 
single handed, disposed of all of them and returned to his squad, bring- 
ing the offending gun with him. After that the line was able to go 
forward again. For this act Sergeant Ferguson was awarded the Dis- 
tinguished Service Cross. 

HOW THE ENEMY FOUGHT 
The enemy had opposing our troops, his 8th Reserve Corps of the 
7th Army, which corps had the leading part in the German attempt to 
cross the Marne River in the German peace offensive of July 15, 1918. 
This corps stood the brunt of the rear-guard actions in the enemy's 
retreat from the Marne to the Ourcq, and from here to the Vesle, and 
they proved themselves valient fighters. The following incident is but 
one of many to show the chances the German soldier would take, and 
the limit he would go to for his Fatherland. It was the duty of the 
second line, following immediately in rear of the advance wave, to 
clear all ground crossed by the first line, of enemy troops who may be 
lurking behind and waiting for an opportunity to fire upon them from 
the rear. A sergeant of the second line observed an undamaged enemy 
machine gun tipped over on its side on the parapet of a small trench. 
Becoming suspicious and mindful of his instructions, the sergeant took 
a private with him and, upon investigation, found two enemy machine 
gunners in the trench with coats thrown over their faces, who, to all 
outward appearances, were dead. The leading line was more than 200 
yards in advance by this time. The sergeant, after deliberating for a 
moment, decided to take no chances and that a dead "Hun" would do 
no harm, so both soldiers fired a shot into the bodies of the Germans 
and to their great amazement found both of them alive and playing 
'possum. It is needless to say that these particular "Boches" did not 
accomplish their object, but their courage and nerve had to be admired 
in spite of the fact that they were our enemy. One can only imagine 
their state of mind as the sergeant and soldier deliberated over their 
fate, which they could have decided in their favor by surrendering, yet 
were willing to go through with their little game and risk all for an 

109 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

opportunity, if successful, to obtain casualties in our ranks in aid of 
which obligation in that regard we performed. 

The enemy always selected their best and bravest soldiers to man 
their machine guns, and these gunners took the gravest chances and 
most always continued to fire their guns upon our advancing lines until 
they were directly on top of them and further resistance was impossible, 
when they would arise, throw up their hands and shout "Kamerad," 
and naturally, this procedure was not relished by our boys, who, by the 
time they reached the guns, became demons and sought the life of those 
who mowed down their ranks until unable to continue the slaughter 
and then asked for their friendship. But, gentle reader, this is war, 
and it was our duty to give them all the honors of prisoners of war, 
the cause of their Raiser. 

It must be remembered, in order to appreciate the conditions under 
which the American soldier fought, that all our fighting was done during 
offensives, which was always a war of movement as distinguished from 
"fixed position war," or as it is generally known, "trench warfare;" 
that we were always going forward and driving the enemy back. This 
kind of warfare always permitted the enemy to choose his own battle- 
field, and he always chose positions on high ground, which commanded 
the ground over which our attacks had to be made for considerable 
distances, and which also gave him cover and concealment, it being 
his plan to secure the greatest number of casualties possible in our 
ranks before we could get close enough to fight back, and for this pur- 
pose he employed unlimited artillery and an immense number of 
machine guns, which were of the Maxim type with minor improvements, 
and which never failed him. We were equipped with the Hotchkiss 
gun and the French Chau-chat gun, an automatic rifle. The Hotchkiss 
frequently became useless after firing a few rounds and this often hap- 
pened just when we needed them the most. The French automatic 
rifle never was made to hit anything; in fact, the claim was that it was 
purposely constructed to produce a scattering fire effect and this it 
surely did, something on the principle of a shotgun, except that it fired 
one cartridge at a time; it was a cheap-made affair and likened to a 
gas pipe by our men, who did not like it and had no confidence in it 
whatever. If noise counted for anything, it can be said that it per- 
formed very credibly in that respect. In our army each Infantry Regi- 
ment had one machine gun company equipped with sixteen guns. Each 
Infantry Brigade (two regiments) had one machine gun battalion of 
three companies similarly equipped, and in addition there was another 
battalion of four companies, which was designated as the Division 
Machine Gun Battalion and usually kept in reserve. In battle, usually 

110 




m n* r« 



;*&*f£ .*? ': >- •■• 



Second Battalion, 126th Infantry, forming in field near Courmont on Aug. 1st, preparatory to 
advancing in support. Looking toward Cierges. Note shell exploding at extreme left. 




German ammunition dump, near Cierges, destroyed by retreating enemy. 




A kitchen of 1st Battalion, near Mont St. Martin, serving first warm meal in eleven days to men 
of 32nd, 28th and 4th Divisions. Aug. 6, 1918. 



Ill 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

one machine gun company was assigned to each attacking battalion and 
half the guns supported or accompanied the attacking companies, the 
others being held in reserve. This allowed for only one to two guns for 
each company in the front of the attack, while the Germans had from 
six to ten guns per company. It should be remembered, however, that 
machine guns are more extensively used in rear-guard actions to cover 
the retreat than they are in an attack. It can readily be seen what 
great advantage the enemy had in the use of this weapon. Our men, 
equipped only with a rifle and bayonet, with no grenades to mention, 
or signal rockets or flares, were forced to advance upon the many enemy 
machine gun nests in the face of their murderous fire, until they were 
able to close upon them and put them out of action with the bayonet 
and many a brave American boy gave his life in these attempts, as the 
line could not advance until these hornets' nests were cleared out of the 
way, and all the while our Ordnance Department was experimenting 
with various machine gun models to more effectively combat with the 
superior weapon of the enemy. While the Browning gun was finally 
adopted, its arrival in France, about the time of the armistice, was too 
late to be of much use to our forces in this war. The responsibility for 
the loss of some lives by this delay rests somewhere. 

As individual fighters the German was inferior to our men, but in 
experience, after fighting four years, he was superior, but this superi- 
ority did not avail him long, as our boys soon learned the tricks of 
the game; as one German remarked, "At first the American soldiers 
advanced upright and in the open and were easy targets, but after once 
or twice, they became more cunning and covered up well and were hard 
to see." 

While the distance gained on this day's battle was slight, being 
about 500 yards, the ground taken and held was most important and 
rendered the enemy's positions untenable and compelled him to soon 
give them up along the north bank of the Ourcq River, where he had 
intended to make a strong and lasting resistance. 

First Lieutenant Ray E. Bostwick, Company C; First Lieutenant 
Thomas E. M. Hefferan, Company M, and Second Lieutenant Arthur 
I. Keller, Company I, were killed in action in the battle for Jomblets 
Woods after valiently leading their platoons, and Second Lieutenant 
Otis B. Thomas, Company A, received wounds from which he died on 
August 4th. The total casualties for the day was 82 killed and 378 
wounded and one man taken prisoner, as follows: Company A, 1 officer 
and 21 men killed, and 2 officers and 44 men wounded and 1 man taken 
prisoner; Company B, 22 men wounded; Company C, 1 officer and 12 
men killed and 55 men wounded; Company D, 15 men killed and 2 

112 



SECOND BATTLE OF MARNE 

officers and 63 men wounded; Company E, 4 men killed and 2 officers 
and 26 men wounded; Company F, 1 man killed and 2 men wounded; 
Company G, 1 man wounded; Company H, 1 officer and 11 men 
wounded; Company I, 1 officer and 5 men killed and 41 men wounded; 
Company K, 1 officer wounded; Company L, 2 men killed and 22 men 
wounded; Company M, 1 officer and 14 men killed and 46 men 
wounded; Machine Gun Company, 4 men killed and 28 men wounded; 
Headquarters Company, 5 men wounded; Sanitary Detachment, 1 man 
wounded; Field and Staff, Chaplain Patrick R. Dunnigan, gassed. 
Many prisoners and much booty were captured. 

During the remainder of the day the 1st and 3rd Battalions lay 
in shell and fox holes under a constant enemy artillery fire, waiting for 
orders to renew the attack. At dark the 2nd Battalion moved up to a 
position near the northern edge of the village of Sergy. Our troops 
on the left became intermingled with the right of the 42nd Division 
(-Rainbow Division composed of National Guard troops). First aid 
dressing stations had been established immediately in our rear and all 
day long there was a constant stream of wounded men being carried on 
litters to the stations and from there to waiting ambulances further in 
the rear. This work was carried on during all of the hostile artillery 
fire, and German prisoners were made to help in this work. 

During the afternoon an incident occurred which showed the spirit 
and mental attitude of the American soldier while under fire. The boys 
were watching the effect of the shells falling all around us, and making 
light of the efforts of the Boche artillerymen. One doughboy got out of 
his shelter and while running across the field, a shell burst directly upon 
him and threw him twenty feet in the air. At this sight a yell went 
up from a thousand throats, which sounded much like a yell at a ball 
game, but it had somewhat a different ring. It was a mixture of both 
surprise and anger. It was but the psychology of the moment. The 
troops were laboring under a peculiar and unusual mental stress and 
excitement, and the yell just came out involuntary. 

The day, like many others, passed without any warm food to eat. 
It was now seven days since we had any cooked food from our own 
kitchens, part of this time subsisting upon corned beef and hard bread, 
and when the corned beef gave out, we kept soul and body together on 
our own hard bread and French brown bread, a load of which had been 
dumped on the ground during the night and individual soldiers could 
be seen carrying seven or eight loaves strung on a wire and hung over 
the muzzle of their rifles. These men were carrying a loaf for each man 
of their squads. Some food was obtained by taking the reserve rations 
from soldiers who had been killed, both from our own dead and those 

113 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

of the enemy. The enemy also suffered from want of food and collected 
it in the same manner, and one dead Boche had garnered twelve Amer- 
ican rations. 

From our positions it was apparent that the enemy had control of 
the air, as his planes were flying over all of our positions. Now and 
then a single Allied aviator made his appearance, but none of them 
offered any challenge to the Hun aviators, except one, a French flyer, 
who forced down an enemy plane near the town of Fere-en-Tardenois, 
about five kilometers to the west of us. During the night the enemy 
bombing squadrons dropped bombs upon us, and his artillery continued 
active all night long, dropping hundreds of high explosive, shrapnel and 
gas shells in our midst, rendering sleep and rest almost impossible. 

The official report of the German staff speaks of this day's engage- 
ments as follows: "On August 1st our Allied enemies began a new and 
terrific great attack upon our lines. With the arrival of fresh troops 
they simultaneously stormed the whole front of the four western corps 
of our 7th Army." The Corps referred to were the 8th Reserve Corps 
directly on our front, the 8th Corps on the front occupied by the 42nd 
Division, and the two German Corps to the west. 

August 2. During the night of August 1st and 2nd, orders were 
received by the battalion commanders for a renewal of the attack 
begun on the preceding day. The task assigned to the regiment was 
the capture of the Jomblets, Planchette and Pelger Woods, and to 
advance to the Nesles-Coulonges Road, about one kilometer north of 
the Pelger Woods. During the day and early evening of August 1st 
our artillery moved into position about four kilometers in rear of the 
front line, from where they were able to shell all the woods mentioned. 
All the battalions were to attack simultaneously at the zero hour, which 
was set for 5 a. m. Shortly after midnight our artillery opened up on 
the enemy and sent shells of all calibers and gas shells into the ranks 
of the enemy, and their own guns, after a while, ceased their fire on us. 
This was the first time that we had real artillery support and the 
thunder and roar of our guns was like music to us, and as each shell 
went screaming and shrieking toward the Hun lines, they received a 
bountiful blessing from all of us and admonishments to do their work 
well. The sky was fairly lit up by the flash from the cannons and the 
explosions of the bursting shells. For the first time the tables were 
turned and the enemy was getting a taste of what we had endured 
during the past thirty-six hours. 

At 5 a. m., our artillery ceased firing and the 1st Battalion on the 
right, with Companies A and B in the first line, and C and D in sup- 
port, the 3rd Battalion in the center, with Companies K and L in the 

114 



CAPTURE OF HILL 212 AND JOMBLETS WOODS 

first line and I and M in support, advanced to their objectives, which 
was to capture all of Hill 212, Jomblets and Du Pelger Woods. The 
2nd Battalion on the left, with Companies G and H in the first line 
and E and F in support, had for its objective the Planchette and 
Pelger Woods and the Nesles-Coulonges Road. All battalions started 
forward simultaneously and, meeting with but slight resistance, cap- 
tured all of the objectives assigned to them, and the 2nd Battalion 
reached the Nesles-Coulonges Road by 8 a. m. Here the line halted 
and a new attack was ordered for 2 o'clock p. m., the first objective 
being the cross-road at Party Farm, the second objective a line through 
the Du Faux Woods, and the Chenet Woods was the third and final 
objective. New dispositions were made and each regiment of the 63rd 
Infantry Brigade were given a separate sector with one battalion occu- 
pying the front of attack. The 126th Regiment was on the left and 
the 125th on the right. In our sector the 2nd Battalion was the attack- 
ing battalion, with the 3rd in support and the 1st in brigade reserve. 

The advance from the Pelger Woods was in a northeasterly direc- 
tion and the axis of march was toward the town of Fismes (Femes) 
and skirted the eastern edge of the Du Faux Woods. The country in 
front of us resembled a plateau above the Ourcq River valley and was 
one great and almost level field of growing grain, much of which had 
already been harvested by the Germans. 

The attack began on the hour without artillery preparation, as 
the artillery was now busy moving forward to new positions in order to 
keep up with the advance. The only resistance met with was enemy 
shell-fire just before the 2nd Battalion reached the Chenet Woods, 
which it reached just before dark, where the front line halted for the 
night. The 3rd Battalion halted near the cross-road at Party Farm, 
while the 1st Battalion remained in support in the Pelger Woods. About 
dark, Companies K and I were ordered to assist the 2nd Battalion and 
moved forward to join it. During the advance Captain Fred W. 
Beaudry, commanding Company H, was struck by a shell fragment 
and died two hours later, and 1st Lieutenant John R. DeVall took 
command of the Company. About the same time 1st Lieutenant 
Donald C. McMillan, of Company G, also received wounds from shell- 
fire, from which he died on August 5th. 

The slight resistance offered by the Germans during this day's 
advance made it obvious that they were falling back to the vicinity 
of the Vesle River and left only small combat detachments and 
patrols to slow up our advance, which during the day went forward 
rapidly, but also cautiously. 

The advance made during the day was seven and a half kilo- 

115 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

meters, and our casualties were two officers and eight men killed and 
38 men wounded, as follows: Company B, 2 men wounded; Company 
D, 1 man wounded; Company E, 1 man killed and 3 men wounded; 
Company F, 1 man killed ; Company G, 1 officer and 3 men killed and 
13 men wounded; Company H, 1 officer and 3 men killed and 9 men 
wounded; Company I, 4 men wounded; Company K, 2 men wounded, 
and Company L, 4 men wounded. 

Near Party Farm the Germans had constructed temporary dug- 
outs in the bank on the side of the road. These were filled with all 
sorts of furniture ruthlessly taken from the farm houses. The night 
was quiet and also quite cool and sleeping on the ground was very 
uncomfortable. At daylight a few companies obtained some food 
which had been brought up during the night, and it was the first warm 
food received from our kitchens since leaving the Verberie sector on 
the morning of July 27th. 

August 3. Early dawn on August 3rd found the support and 
reserve battalions on the move to join the 2nd Battalion in the Chenet 
Woods, and as the enemy had retired during the night, a general 
advance of the whole American line was ordered. The American front 
covered about eight kilometers. French cavalry troops, equipped with 
carbines and long lances, were sent ahead to reconnoiter and gain con- 
tact with the enemy. Every brigade front had about a platoon of 
these troops and to us they were rather an unusual sight, as this was 
the first and only time during the war that we saw any cavalry along 
the front. 

The 125th Infantry acted as advance guard in our brigade, and 
our regiment constituted the main body. As the line emerged north of 
Chenet Woods, one of the prettiest and fascinating war scenes lay before 
our eyes. It was a picture that would have pleased the most enthu- 
siastic artist. As we passed the woods our line of advance took us 
over the highest point of ground from where we could view the whole 
line as it advanced. Fields of growing crops stretched out before us 
and to the right and left as far as the eye could reach. While the early 
morning had been misty, by the middle of the forenoon the sky was 
clear and the sun was shining on the landscape in all its splendor. The 
terrain was a maize of gentle sloping hills, cut up here and there by 
deep valleys and gullies, and covered with many patches of woods. To 
the right and left could be seen the American doughboys in olive drab 
advancing in thin lines along the whole front, followed by more dough- 
boys in column formation. The Germans were in full retreat and de- 
stroying vast stores of war material which they could not carry with 
them across the Vesle, with the result that the horizon was streaked 

116 



GENERAL ATTACK OF AUGUST 3 

with columns of smoke rising in the air from the many large fires. To 
our right, near Dravegny, several German airplane hangars were burn- 
ing. To the northeast two large fires were visible, one appearing to be 
an enemy ammunition dump, and the other a town or warehouses in the 
direction of Courville. At a distance to our front, a volume of flame 
and smoke shot high into the air followed by a loud report, indicating 
another ammunition dump being blown up ; smoke could be seen to our 
left from three other large fires. It all was a sight to behold and a 
living picture of war's lust for destruction and waste. 

The 125th Infantry advanced as far as the heights about two kilo- 
meters south of the Vesle River, which formed a deep valley. The Ger- 
mans had established another position for defense on these heights, in 
a vain effort to retain control of the river crossings. They opened upon 
the advancing lines with machine guns and artillery, and our troops 
were forced to halt and dig in on a line to the east of Mont St. Martin. 
This resistance required new dispositions for our regiment and when 
the 2nd Battalion, which was the leading battalion, reached the top of 
the hill north of the deep gulley two kilometers south of Mont St. 
Martin, it was deployed and moved forward until it reached the cross- 
road east of this town, where it established the advance position and 
dug in under heavy machine gun and artillery fire, suffering some 
casualties while doing so. The 1st Battalion followed in support as far 
as the Resson Farm, and the 3rd Battalion, which was in reserve, halted 
in the deep gulley a kilometer south of the farm. Companies I and K 
became separated from the 3rd Battalion and halted at Resson Farm, 
but rejoined the battalion during the night. The Machine Gun Com- 
pany halted in the little patch of woods south of Mont St. Martin. 
While in these positions the troops were under constant artillery bom- 
bardment throughout the night and cover was taken behind banks, in 
ditches and hastily-constructed fox holes. To make matters worse, it 
began to rain about midnight and continued in a steady and heavy 
downpour until daylight, and the fox holes and ditches soon became 
miniature lakes of mud and water, but it was the only cover available 
and the troops were soaking wet by morning. 

Our artillery moved up during the day and shortly after dark some 
were in position to fire upon the enemy, and by morning most of our 
artillery was in action, with the heavier guns firing on the German 
artillery positions on the heights north of the river. The artillery had 
its trouble keeping up with the rapid advance of the doughboys. One 
unit had set up its guns three different times, and each time and before 

117 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

it could fire a shot, it was ordered to move up to a new position further 
in advance. 

The Germans had an abundance of observation balloons watching 
our movements from across the river, and airplanes flew continually 
over our lines without any interference from our planes, of which there 
were none on our part of the front. With this superiority of observa- 
tion, his artillery was able to deliver a most effective fire upon our 
troops, and, in fact, his 77 and 88 milimeter guns were shooting point 
blank at our first line from the heights across the river, forcing everyone 
to stay concealed below the surface of the ground. The town of Fismes, 
which was the most important town between Rheims and Soissons, and 
the principal objective of the attack on the American front, was in plain 
view about three kilometers northeast of our first line. The nearest 
point of the river was but two kilometers away. 

During the night an amusing experience happened to two medical 
officers, unsophisticated in the mysteries of a battle front. They were 
ordered to establish a dressing station near Fismes and started for the 
front in a small ambulance. They drove through our front line, and 
not seeing any troops, believed the front to be some distance ahead and 
continued on into Fismes. Soon they were halted by a strange voice 
and to their surprise found themselves surrounded by Germans who 
quickly made the officers and chauffeur prisoners and confiscated the 
ambulance. 

The day's advance netted about five and a half kilometers more, 
and the total casualties were 4 men killed and 49 wounded, as follows : 
Company C, 1 man killed and 3 men wounded; Company D, 1 man 
killed and 2 men wounded; Company E, 8 men wounded; Company F, 
4 men wounded; Company G, 2 men killed and 11 men wounded; Com- 
pany H, 13 men wounded ; Company I, 4 men wounded ; Company K, 
2 men wounded; Company L, 1 man wounded, and Headquarters Com- 
pany, 1 man wounded. 

August 4. During the night of August 3rd-4th, the regiment re- 
ceived orders to make an attack and drive through to the Vesle River. 
The attack was made by the 2nd Battalion and the zero hour was 
4 a. m. A brief artillery preparation preceded the attack. At the 
appointed hour the 2nd Battalion, with Company H on the right and 
Company F on the left in the first line, and Companies G and E in the 
second line, jumped out of their fox holes and moved forward in the 
rain over open ground, which sloped gently towards the enemy lines. 
The troops were in plain view of the enemy, but the rain somewhat 
obscured his vision. As soon as our troops started forward, the Ger- 
mans opened up with a terrific fire from countless machine guns and 

118 



RUNNING THE ENEMY ACROSS THE VESLE 

direct fire from their smaller cannons upon the advancing line, which 
moved so fast that the Huns soon were in full retreat and fell back 
through the woods on the steep hillsides next to the river, and across 
the swampy river bottom to the other side of the river, with our men 
close on their heels. Our boys had virtually run the enemy across the 
river, and themselves halted near the southern shore, where Companies 
E and G took positions abreast of the first line, which was extended 
along a spur railroad track previously constructed by the Germans and 
which does not show on the map. This advance took our line to the 
final objective on our part of the front, with our right resting but a few 
hundred yards west of Fismes. The final objective on our right and 
left had not yet been reached, and no sooner had the battalion reached 
the railroad, which was close to the river shore, when the enemy threw 
an intense artillery and machine gun barrage upon our men and cover 
was taken behind the railroad embankment, which was raised about 
three feet. The narrow river valley on our side was studded with woods 
and brush and an ideal place for retaining deadly gas, which the Boche 
used freely. The gas sent into these woods and brush was so intense 
that the uniforms became odorized and discolored and caused us many 
casualties from this source. There were no woods on that part of the 
line held by Company H, and after an hour or two of this deadly hail 
of steel and gas, this company was forced to fall back about 300 yards 
to some dugouts and caves for shelter. The battalion held its position 
all day and until it was relieved at daylight the next morning. 

Captain Richard F. Smith, commanding Company F, and 2nd 
Lieut. Richard E. Cook, Company H, were killed by shell fire soon after 
their companies had reached the railroad. The 3rd Battalion was 
ordered up from reserve to support the attack by the 2nd Battalion, and 
at daylight on August 4th, moved up from its position in the gulley to 
the fox holes along the road from which the 2nd Battalion made its 
attack, while the 1st Battalion became reserve and remained in posi- 
tion near Resson Farm. Colonel Westnedge had his advance post of 
command at the road-fork east of Mont St. Martin. Company I was 
on the left near Mont St. Martin, and Company L was on the right 
near the road-forks, with Company K in the center, and Company M 
slightly to the rear in battalion support. In the afternoon Companies 
I and K were ordered to advance toward Villesavoye and occupy the 
town, but they no more than reached the open hillside in front of their 
position when the Germans opened direct artillery fire upon them from 
the hills north of the stream, and both companies were forced to return; 
a little later Company I made another attempt, and as most of the 
enemy artillery fire fell upon the two right platoons, forcing them to 

119 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

fall back again, the two platoons on the left succeeded in advancing 
half way to the town, where they dug in. In the meantime Company 
L was ordered forward to strengthen the line held by the 2nd Battalion 
and by sending a few men forward at a time, succeeded in filtering 
through to the 2nd Battalion, where it remained until dark, when it was 
withdrawn to its original position. Still later in the afternoon Com- 
pany K was again sent forward with orders to go through Villesavoye 
and on to the river, and after a good start, succeeded to advance some 
distance before the Germans opened upon them with their artillery, 
but the shells went over. and dropped behind them, and as they advanced 
the Germans shortened their range, but by moving fast, the lines man- 
aged to keep ahead of the shell fire and reached the steep wooded slopes 
on the northeastern edge of the town, which is situated in a deep and 
narrow ravine. The company was greatly assisted in its advance by 
the appearance at a most opportune time of a battalion of the 4th Divi- 
sion, which had relieved the 42nd Division on August 3rd and was ad- 
vancing on our left. This battalion attacked in open order in the direc- 
tion of Villesavoye, and as it reached the open ground south of the town, 
the Germans turned their artillery upon it and thus enabled Company K 
to continue the advance to the town unmolested. After scouring the 
town and finding no Germans in it, the company continued its advance 
to the river and took cover in the brush lining the southern shore. The 
opposite side of the river was full of the enemy, who kept the company 
under constant machine gun fire. The positions occupied by the com- 
panies of the 2nd Battalion offered only slight concealment and pro- 
tection and during the night this battalion was withdrawn to the top 
of the hill and towards morning it was relieved by the 3rd Battalion 
and went into reserve to the rear of Mont St. Martin. The Machine 
Gun Company was held in reserve and remained in the patch of woods 
the entire day. 

The 128th Infantry, which was on our right, succeeded in occupy- 
ing the town of Fismes during the day, so that the final objective of 
the great Allied Offensive in the Second Battle of the Marne, which was 
the Vesle River and the town of Fismes, was reached on this day on 
the front of the 32nd Division, but on other portions of the front the 
final objective had not yet been reached, and the Division was held in 
the line until this was accomplished. The advance for the day was 
three kilometers, making a total advance for the regiment of eighteen 
and one-half kilometers (eleven and one-half miles) since July 31st, or 
in five days. 

Second Lieutenant William 0. Stark, of Company B, received 
wounds from shell fire from which he died a few hours later. Our total 

120 



AT FINAL OBJECTIVE 

casualties for the day were 3 officers and 23 men killed, and 7 officers 
and 146 men wounded, as follows: Company B, 1 officer killed and 1 
man wounded; Company D, 1 man wounded; Company E, 1 man killed 
and 22 men wounded; Company F, 1 officer and 7 men killed and 25 
men wounded; Company G, 3 men killed and 1 officer and 39 men 
wounded ; Company H, 1 officer and 6 men killed and 2 officers and 33 
men wounded; Company I, 1 man killed and 7 men wounded; Company 
K, 4 men killed and 1 officer and 11 men wounded; Company L, 1 man 
killed and 1 officer and 7 men wounded; Company M, 1 officer wounded, 
and Field and Staff, 1 officer wounded. 

August 5. Early on the morning of August 5th, Companies I, L 
and M moved forward from their positions along the road, and part of 
them filtering over the hill and part advancing through Villesavoye, 
they reached the Vesle River by daylight and extended the line estab- 
lished by Company K to the right, taking up the positions along the 
railroad held the previous day by the 2nd Battalion, where the troops 
were subjected all day long to a heavy fusilade of lead from Boche 
machine guns, Minnenwerfers and 77 and 88 milimeter cannon, much 
of the shell fire being gas. During the day patrols reconnoitered the 
river in search of places to cross in case orders to cross the river were 
received, and some actually crossed the river and found the woods and 
brush on the opposite shore filled with Germans. The banks of the 
river was principally muck land and the river itself, which was 25 
feet wide and 6 feet deep at this point, was filled with strand after 
strand of barbed wire. The afternoon previous, Companies C and D 
moved up to the cross-road west of Mont St. Martin in support of the 
3rd Battalion, and Companies A and B moved up in the early morning 
of August 5th and occupied the positions vacated by the 3rd Battalion 
along the road east of the town. The latter battalion held on to its 
position along the river front all day and at night was relieved by the 
1st Battalion and moved back to a stone quarry just south of Mont St. 
Martin, where it remained in support of the 1st Battalion until the 
Division was relieved. The Machine Gun Company still remained in 
its position of the previous day. 

No advance or forward movement was attempted during the day, 
as the line was to be stabilized along the river for the present. Our 
casualties on this day were 2 killed and 38 wounded, as follows: Com- 
pany B, 1 man wounded; Company D, 2 men wounded; Company I, 1 
man wounded; Company K, 1 man killed and 1 man wounded; Com- 
pany L, 1 man killed and 23 men wounded; Company M, 7 men 
wounded, and Headquarters Company, 3 men wounded. 

During the previous night and the morning of August 5th, our 

121 



H 



ISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 








%* U 5TTI 



On road nea, Resson ^.^ -C, = ----- f ^ Ves, e an, no, res^ * 



122 



AT FINAL OBJECTIVE 

artillery moved forward again and shelled the enemy in the river 
bottom and on the heights beyond. This artillery assistance was 
greatly appreciated, as it helped to hold down the enemy fire on our 
troops. The two hostile lines were very close, only the river and a 
narrow strip of ground on either side separating them, and some of our 
shells fell short on this account and caused us a few casualties, but this 
was soon corrected. 

August 6. The day's experience of the 1st Battalion along the 
river front was a repetition of that of the other two battalions that 
preceded it. It seems that when our drive reached the Vesle, the Ger- 
mans expected it would continue until it reached Berlin, and while he 
had prepared to put up a stiff resistance on the heights north of the 
river, he was also providing for a further retreat and his main body of 
troops had retired some distance from the river. But all these troops 
came back when they discovered that our drive ended at the river, and 
while no immediate counter-attack appeared imminent, yet the Ger- 
mans harassed our lines throughout the day with the usual offerings 
and caused some casualties, two being killed and 15 wounded, as fol- 
lows: Company A, 3 men wounded; Company B, 1 man killed and 2 
men wounded; Company C, 3 men wounded; Company D, 1 man killed 
and 5 men wounded, and Sanitary Detachment, 1 officer and 1 man 
wounded. 

At dark the regiment received the most welcome news it had ever 
received up to this time. It was like a message from heaven. The regi- 
ment was to be relieved that night. These words had a deep significance 
to the fighting soldiers in the front line. It meant a little longer lease 
on life to those who had survived the onslaught of battle. They were to 
us like a reprieve to a condemned man. We had little conception at 
the beginning of this battle what a real battle actually was. It was the 
common belief that troops who had been engaged in battle for a day 
or two, would be withdrawn to rest up a few days and reorganize before 
going into battle again. Some military text books expound the prin- 
ciple that when troops have suffered a ten per cent casualty in battle 
their effectiveness is impaired and their withdrawal becomes neces- 
sary. This principle was buried during this war, at least so far as our 
Division was concerned. We had been fighting constantly for eight 
days, and after the second day were expecting to be relieved, but as the 
days went on and no relief came, we began to wonder if there was such 
a thing, and to make matters worse, a rumor was afloat, as rumors in 
an army always are and originating from where no one knows, that the 
regiment would not be relieved so long as twenty-five per cent effectives 
remained, and when at last the order came for withdrawing the regi- 

123 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

ment, the joy and relief of the troops was beyond words of expression. 
The regiment was relieved about midnight of August 6th-7th, by 
the 112th Infantry of the 28th Division, and the three battalions, de- 
tachments of the Headquarters Company and Sanitary Detachment 
moved back to the Chenet Woods, where they arrived about 4 o'clock 
in the morning of August 7th. The Machine Gun Company received 
orders at 6 p. m., August 6th, to move forward and support a battalion 
of the 112th Infantry, and at 7:30 o'clock was on its way when the order 
was countermanded and the company joined the regiment in Chenet 
Woods. During the forenoon of August 7th, the regiment moved back 
to the Du Pelger Woods for a rest and further training, and also to 
warm meals once more. 

THE FIGHTING AT FISMES AND THE VESLE 

In the nights of storm and battle, when the American soldiers 
wrote much into the archives of Fismes, there will always remain a 
great deal unwritten. When the reports say our troops have "captured" 
a city, village or woods, it may mean one of several things. It may 
mean, for instance, that resolute doughboys have stormed the town or 
woods, bayoneted or driven out all the enemy hiding there, and then 
themselves withdrawn to dodge the deluge from the guns. When they 
next seep in among the half-pulverized houses or shattered trees, they 
are apt to find that Boche gunners have also filtered back, so that until 
the whole has pushed on beyond, the town itself, or woods, remains a 
sort of treacherous No Man's Land that must be mopped up again and 
again. 

When the 2nd Battalion reached the Vesle the morning of August 
4th, they were on the left of Fismes and almost within a stone's throw 
of the houses. The town was in the sector of the 64th Brigade and 
some of its troops were entering the town about the same time, and not 
until towards dark did they gain a firm hold on the town, and then 
during the night troops of the 128th Infantry crossed the river from 
Fismes into the little town of Fismette and established a sort of bridge- 
head north of the Vesle, which movement was supported on the left by 
our regiment, and this crossing of the river was most fiercely contested 
by the Germans. 

Like many others on this battle front, it was a night of hair- 
trigger uncertainty. The guns on both sides were thundering without 
let up. The rain fell ceaselessly. The night was inky black, and only 
the flashes of the big guns in the distance and a burning home in Fismes 
served as a torch and added to the fiendishness of the situation. 

All the country from the Ourcq to the Vesle, with its many towns 

124 



THE FIGHTING AT FISMES AND THE VESLE 

and ravines and woods, was almost an unknown quantity, for in such 
a tumultuous advance as brought our troops to the Vesle there was no 
time for such fancy reconnaissance as prepared the attack on other 
points, when every man knew the land by heart and every squad leader 
had a map or photograph of the house that he was to clean up. 

Machine guns were raking our lines from across the river, and 
shells were falling with dreary regularity on the scene and on the open 
hillside to the rear. Many of them were duds, but they were not all 
duds. Rat-a-tat-tat, rat-a-tat-tat, zing-boom, zing-boom, put-put- 
put-put, zing-boom, zing-boom, through it all, runners, guides and bat- 
talion scouts were groping their way as best they could. Now and then 
they would fall flat and hope for the best. Now and then they would 
strike a dead man and make a detour. The service performed by the 
runners was most important, and their duty was at best a hazardous 
one. Time and again they picked their way through bullet-swept areas 
and delivered the message which formed the basis of the "Official Com- 
muniques." 

More often than not, when the runners bring back word from the 
battlefield that a town has been taken and the communiques flash the 
tidings to a waiting world, it does not mean that a specially stubborn 
citadel has fallen. The town is named specifically so that anxious 
watchers from afar may know how considerable the advance has been. 
The town is singled out not necessarily because its capture meant the 
toughest job of the advance, but just because it has a name. 

So you hear much of the regiment that took Sergy, the brigade that 
took Cierges, the men that took Fismes. You do not hear so much of 
those who took Hill 212 or Hill 230, of those who stormed this gun- 
bristling woods or that ominous river bank, who stormed and held 
yonder railroad embankment which proved no less forbidding a fortress 
because it was nameless. Neither do the communiques tell of the many 
carefully concealed Boche machine gun nests and the toll they exacted, 
and how they were reduced by our men, often by one heroic soldier 
alone crawling out and attacking it; nor of the hand-to-hand fighting, 
and of the numerous Boche snipers to be overcome. 

Throughout the whole week it was the same story, the treachery 
and untrustworthiness of the Germans. Boche snipers and machine 
gunners were killed who wore a Red Cross on their arms. Groups of 
Huns would hold up their hands and cry "Kamerad" on the approach 
of an American, only to shoot him down with pistols artfully concealed 
in the palms of their hands. Our men soon learned their tricks and 
the number of German dead increased daily. 

It would be a fatal mistake to judge the morale of the Kaiser's 

125 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

battalions by any capture made from them. Today you would get a 
cocky young Prussian who thought it would not be long before the 
Allies collapsed from sheer panic. Yesterday you would have found a low- 
spirited Hun convinced the war could not last another week, and so on. 

CITED IN ORDERS 

For their part in the Second Battle of the Marne, the 32nd Divi- 
sion and other Divisions engaged in this battle were cited in general 
orders by the Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary 
Forces, as follows: 

"It fills me with pride to record in General Orders a 
tribute to the service and achievement of the First and Third 
Corps, comprising the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Twenty- 
sixth, Twenty-eighth, Thirty-second and Forty-second Divi- 
sions of the American Expeditionary Forces. 

"You came to the battlefield at the crucial hour of the 
Allied cause. For almost four years the most formidable 
army the world had as yet seen had pressed its invasion of 
France, and stood threatening its capital. 

"At no time had that army been more powerful or men- 
acing than when, on July 15th, it struck again to destroy in 
one great battle the brave men opposed to it and to enforce 
its brutal will upon the world and civilization. 

"Three days later, in conjunction with our Allies, you 
counter-attacked. The Allied Armies gained a brilliant vic- 
tory that marks the turning point of the war. You did more 
than give our brave Allies support, to which, as a nation, our 
faith was pledged. You proved that our altruism, our pacific 
spirit, our sense of justice had not blunted our virility or our 
courage. 

"You have shown that America's initiative and energy are 
as fit for the tests of war as for the pursuits of peace. You 
have justly won the unstinted praise of our Allies and the 
eternal gratitude of our countrymen. 

"We have paid for our success in the lives of many of our 
brave comrades. We shall cherish their memory always, and 
claim for history and our literature their bravery, achieve- 
ments and sacrifices. 

"This order will be read to all organizations at the first 
assembly formation after its receipt." 

John J. Pershing, 
August 27, 1918. General, Commander-in-Chief. 

126 



SUMMARY OF THE MARNE OFFENSIVE 

SUMMARY OF THE MARNE OFFENSIVE 

When the great Allied counter- offensive was launched on the 
morning of July 18, 1918, against the western flank of the German 
Marne salient, the enemy was surprised. No counter-offensive had 
been undertaken by the Allied Forces for more than a year, and the 
Germans were not expecting one at this time, and much less so when 
he himself was engaged in one of his carefully-planned pushes which 
he confidently hoped would bring him to Paris and thus end the war in 
his favor before the American forces could be effectively used. He 
expected that the Allies would be obliged to use all their available re- 
serves to stop his advance south of the Marne, where he himself was 
using the bulk of his troops, holding the western face of the salient 
with a thin line of troops. He had but four corps on this flank of the 
salient, while the Germans used five corps on that portion of the salient 
from Chateau-Thierry to Rheims, which was little over half as long as 
the flank from Chateau-Thierry to Soissons. This situation and the 
fact that he was taken by surprise, enabled our forces attacking his 
right flank to gain considerable ground at the very outset, and to cap- 
ture thousands of prisoners and a great quantity of war material. The 
success of this attack made it imperative for the Germans to fall back 
to the north bank of the Marne, and as the pressure continued on his 
right flank, and also being hard pressed on his southern front from 
Chateau-Thierry east, he was compelled to withdraw. still farther away 
from the Marne to avoid having his troops in the salient cut off and 
captured. By July 27th the German line had been pushed back as far 
as the Ourcq River region, his line extending at this time through Ville- 
montaire, Fere-en-Tardenois, Roncheres, Bligny. 

On July 29th, the 42nd Division advanced to the middle of Fere- 
en-Tardenois and took the town of Seringes and Sergy, and some 
ground was gained on July 30th southwest of Cierges by troops of the 
28th Division. Thus the line stood at the time the 32nd Division 
relieved the 3rd and 28th Divisions. A glance at the map will show 
that the Germans farthest front south was in the vicinity of Roncheres. 

The American sector, with two Divisions in line, covered about ten 
kilometers in the center of the Allied front. The forced retirement of 
the Germans shortened their lines, and their corps fronts were now 
about one-half of their original front at the Marne. This shortening 
of the line also permitted them to withdraw worn-out divisions for a 
short rest and then replacing them in line again, and consequently, the 
German defense had stiffened materially at the Ourcq. 

The 32nd Division had opposite it one whole German corps, the 
8th Reserve, and part of the 4th Reserve Corps. The regiment was 

127 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

opposed by a large part of the 8th Reserve Corps, and enemy units 
engaged by the regiment during this offensive consisted of the 216th 
and the 4th Prussian Guard Divisions. During the advance to the 
Vesle the American sector remained the same with two divisions in line, 
the 32nd on the right, and the 42nd on the left, until August 3rd, when 
it was relieved by the 4th, which advanced abreast of the 32nd until 
the Vesle was reached. 

The German armies engaged were the 7th, 1st and part of the 9th. 
The 7th Army was in the center and had seven corps. On the Allies' 
side three French armies were engaged. The 10th, under General 
Mangin, was on the west; the 6th, under General Duchene, of which 
the 32nd Division was a part, was in the center, and the 5th, under 
General Berthelet, was on the east. 

The official operations report of the German staff of the German 
High Command, in referring to the Allied counter-offensive in the 
Second Battle of the Marne, and the German failure of their July 15th 
offensive and subsequent loss of the salient, has this to say: 

"The German July offensive was to be carried out simultaneously 
by the 7th, 1st and 3rd Armies. The object was to straighten out the 
corner at Rheims and to push our lines beyond the Foret de Rheims 
(Forest south of Rheims). To this end the 7th Army was to attack 
between Gland, east of Chateau-Thierry, and Chambrecy, which is 
east of Ville en Tardenois, and advance upstream on both sides of the 
Marne River to Epernay. This operation required a crossing of the 
Marne by the 8th Reserve, 23rd Reserve and 4th Reserve Corps, which 
composed the right half of the 7th Army. The most careful prepara- 
tions were made for this crossing. 

"The 1st Army was to attack on the front Prunay-Auberive (east 
of Rheims) . Its task was to advance straight south and then to turn 
to the west toward the Foret de Rheims and j oin up with the 7th Army 
at Epernay. The 3rd Army, farther to the east, was to cover the 
attack by the 1st Army. The offensive was ordered for July 15th and 
a heavy artillery preparation was laid down during the night along the 
whole front of the offensive. Had this plan succeeded, Rheims would 
have been cut off. 

"The Marne was crossed by the 7th Army according to plan. As 
our artillery preparation did not succeed in shattering the enemy 
artillery, the advance of our shock troops was soon held up by enemy 
artillery fire from the flanks. 

"During the forenoon, the 7th Army realized, from the progress 
of the operations thus far, that the enemy was prepared for the attack 
and had withdrawn his main body of troops to his second positions, 

128 



SUMMARY OF THE MARNE OFFENSIVE 

and that the success of our attack would be decided by the stand he 
made there; by night we had broken through this position in some 
places. 

"The day was different with the two eastern armies. Also, here 
the same artillery preparation preceded the attack, and yet the enemy 
was only slightly affected. Our artillery had great difficulty in fol- 
lowing the attacking infantry on account of the hostile artillery fire, 
and the day's advance was only nominal and by night was completely 
stopped. 

"By evening of July 15th, the lack of progress of our offensive 
brought certain convictions. The enemy had previous information of 
our offensive and placed his troops accordingly and caused our offen- 
sive to fail. 

"The Allied Commander obtained knowledge in the first week of 
July, at the latest, of our intentions, and he had information not only 
of our plans, front of attack and day of attack, but also of details 
which in their correctness could not have been improved upon. He 
knew how much material was to be used to effect the crossing of the 
Marne, where pontoons were located and where bridges were to be 
thrown across. He knew what units were going to make the attack 
and where our artillery positions were. He knew the very moment 
the attack was to begin." 

The German High Command admitted it did not know how the 
Allied Commanders obtained this information but offered several sur- 
mises, among which it believed the most probable one to be, the excel- 
lent espionage service of the Allies. In the same operations report the 
entry of the Americans into the fighting is alluded to as follows: 

"The situation favored the Commander of the Entente troops by 
certain advantageous events. To these belonged, first of all, the large 
number of re-enforcements received through American troops. While 
these still lacked some in their tactical training, yet they availed at 
least, by taking over the lines in quiet sectors and thereby releasing 
fresh divisions. But they also appeared on the main fighting front and 
took part, in ever increasing numbers, in attack and defense operations." 

It was related in a previous chapter how our kitchens became sep- 
arated from their organizations on the morning of July 27th, and how 
the regiment went into the line the night of July 30th and before the 
kitchens could rejoin it. At that time we had been four days without 
any warm or cooked food, and we were destined to endure eight days 
longer before proper food could be had. On only two occasions, during 

129 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

these eight days, did some cooked rations come forward, and these 
reached only a few of our troops. 

Every man had been supplied with two reserve rations and while 
in Beauvardes Woods another two days' supply was received, which 
was exhausted by the night of August 1st. For very obvious reasons 
fires to cook food could not be built, and what food we had had to be 
eaten cold and raw. After subsisting a day or two on raw reserve 
rations, one's appetite spleens against the army corn-willie and hard- 
tack, and the stomach enters upon a vigorous campaign for some- 
thing warm and more palatable, and a fight between mental and phy- 
sical endurance ensues with the mental forces holding their own for 
six days longer, and the physical being compelled to endure on French 
brown bread in chunks as large and hard as bricks. 

Canteens were filled with water from creeks and no questions 
asked about its source. Most men carried two French canteens besides 
their own, and kept all of them filled with water for possible emer- 
gencies. The men preferred the French canteen over our own, because 
it held about twice as much water. The practice of carrying a bounti- 
ful supply of water was the result of our experience in our first day's 
battle. The pitiful cries of the wounded for water to quench the burn- 
ing fever raking their bodies, made every one mindful of the importance 
to have the canteens always filled in order to furnish some relief to 
those in distress, if for no other reason. The wounded were also aided 
to forget their condition, by giving them lighted cigars or cigarettes. 
This practice quieted them while waiting for the first aid men to come 
and dress their wounds and send them back to blighty. 

During the first few days the men carried their packs, but laid 
them aside before going into action, on July 31st, to permit more free- 
dom of movement. It was expected that later in the day we would be 
able to obtain our equipment left behind, but this proved to be wrong, 
as very little of it was ever seen again. We left our packs in a woods 
near where our attack started and a guard placed over them. The 
regiment was hardly on its way before French and American soldiers 
were going through them, purloining such things as they wanted and 
scattering the remainder over the ground. Even letters from the home 
folks and little personal trinkets were ruthlessly ransacked and scat- 
tered about. Some days later the salvage units finished the job, and 
stacks of war material and equipment of every description, both enemy 
and our own, was collected and piled up in the town of Fresnes. 

When the troops first went into action, the equipment they carried 
was the rifle, bayonet, cartridge belt, mess kit, canteen and the entrench- 
ing shovel. The entrenching shovel, we found, was a very important 

130 



SUMMARY OF THE MARNE OFFENSIVE 

weapon, and our shovel is a small affair, the handle and blade being 
eighteen inches long, and it is made so it can be carried on the pack. 
Its size didn't meet the approval of the doughboys, who found out that 
when he had to dig in for cover, the faster he did so, the better it was 
for him. Now, the Germans were equipped with a real shovel. It was 
a regular size shovel, except that the handle was cut down to about 
three feet in length. These shovels could be picked up almost any- 
where on the battlefield, and nearly every soldier discarded his own 
and equipped himself with a German shovel. It made no difference 
how long or awkward it was to carry, so long as it gave the service. 
Even the officers had them. Company commanders could be seen going 
into action carrying one of these shovels over their shoulders looking 
for all the world like a member of a ditching crew. It was hinted that 
officers were readily recognized because of having the longest-handled 
shovels, especially the battalion commanders. However, to the credit 
of the officers, this was strenuously disputed, and no prisoners remained 
in our midst long enough to prove this. 

The men obtained very little rest during these fighting days, and 
the officers secured hardly any. During the day the officers were 
engaged with their units and when night came, the time for rest was 
used in going over plans for the morrow, or receiving and transmitting 
messages and reports from the patrols always sent ahead of the lines 
at night to reconnoiter the enemy positions, and the consequent strain, 
both mental and physical, was tremendous, and the limit of human 
endurance seemed to have been exhausted long before the Vesle was 
reached. Many men fell out from sheer exhaustion, but the splendid 
spirit of the regiment prevailed and helped carry it through without 
faltering, until the task assigned to it was finished. 

The pursuit of the Germans from the Ourcq to the Vesle was 
another cause for a terrific strain on the American army because the 
villages captured were so hard to pronounce. S'ergy (Ser-gee) is served 
up with either a hard or soft g. Cierges (See-airge) is pronounced as if 
it were the same village as Sergy and cause some confusion as they 
are several kilometers apart. Saint Gilles (Son Gee-lay) is called either 
Saint Giles, Saint Gillus, or Saint Gilhooley. Fismes (Feem) emerges 
from Yankee lips as Fis-mus or Fizzums. All the roads leading out of 
the towns had sign-boards put up by the Germans, indicating direction, 
such as "nach Fismes," or "nach Cierges." 

Throughout the ten days of our drive toward Fismes, the conduct 
of our beloved regimental commander, Colonel "Joe" Westnedge, was 
an inspiration to all. He shared all the hardships of the officers and 
men and was always near the front line, with- little food, and such rest 

131 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

as he could get by crouching in shell-holes. His spirit and courage 
passed on to the regiment and the able manner in which he conducted 
his command won for him the confidence and respect of every officer 
and man in the regiment. The terrific mental strain that he endured 
would have caused the collapse of men of ordinary character and 
physique. 



AFTER THE BATTLE 

The doughboy swung back from the fight, 
The hard-fought battle won; 
And in his eyes a shining light, 
Outgleamed the noonday sun; 
Did he then boast about the fray 
And tell each "why" and "how"? 
The only thing I heard him say 
Was, "Where the hell's the chow?" 




- ~:' : { .£'-. : -~* ' ■; — . -"■ - ' * W~ 



Looking east from Valpriez Farm. 

Troops of the 32nd Division in shell-holes while in support of first line during the 

drive on Juvigny. August 29, 1918. 



132 



CHAPTER VIII 
REST PERIOD AFTER AISNE-MARNE OFFENSIVE 



A FTER the regiment had reached its reserve position in the Du 
/-\ Pelger Woods, on August 7th, the troops proceeded to make 
-*- -^- themselves as comfortable as one could in a shell-torn woods. 
Shelters were constructed of boughs and limbs of trees and tied together 
with wire used by the Boche for telephone lines and trip wire, and 
which he left behind in his hurried retreat. Some shelters were con- 
structed with German shell baskets, and with corrugated sheet iron, 
which was lying about. Most anything that could be found was used 
in addition to the regular shelter tents to house the troops and by dark 
everyone had some sort of a home. 

During the night the enemy bombing fleets could be heard flying 
overhead in the direction of Chateau-Thierry ; they had not yet located 
us and made no attempt to disturb our first night in these woods. The 
next day was a day of rest and the first bath in over two weeks was the 
program for every one. No both tubs were available, so Boche helmets, 
of which there were a plenty lying around, were used as miniature 
tubs. These were filled with nice cold water and answered the purpose. 
The razors were again brought into use and a two-weeks-old beard 
scraped off. Clothing and blankets were infested with vermin and they 
were given a most thorough search to rid them of the bothersome pests. 
On this day a check of the personnel of each company was taken. 
During the early period of this offensive, on July 27th, the regiment 
had a strength of 87 officers and 3,289 men. Each infantry company 
had an average of 5 officers and 200 men, including the men detailed 
with the three battalions as scouts and intelligence groups. The 
Machine Gun Company had 6 officers and 166 men and the Sanitary 
Detachment had 6 officers and 52 men; the Stokes mortar platoon and 
cannon platoon of the Headquarters Company had 2 officers and 85 
men. The signal and pioneer platoons of this company, who are non- 
combatant troops, were distributed among the regimental and battalion 
headquarters. Each organization had a part of its personnel in the rear 
with the kitchens, which were with the Supply Company. This reduced 
the combat strength below the actual strength of the regiment, so that 
the actual combat strength on July 30th was 75 officers and approx- 
imately 2,550 men. The signal men, pioneers and orderlies attached 

133 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

to the Battalion Headquarters and the advanced Regimental Post of 
Command, and also the men of the Sanitary Detachment assigned to 
the companies to render first aid and to the advanced dressing stations, 
while not counted fighting troops, were required to be with or near 
the fighting line and risked all the dangers of the fighting men. 

The check on this day, August 8th, showed present for duty 55 
officers and 2,295 enlisted men in the entire regiment. The casualties 
from July 30th to August 7th were as follows: Company A, 1 officer 
and 24 men killed and 2 officers and 56 men wounded, total 83 ; Com- 
pany B, 1 officer and 1 man killed and 34 men wounded, total 36; Com- 
pany C, 1 officer and 13 men killed and 61 wounded, total 75; Com- 
pany D, 17 men killed and 2 officers and 76 men wounded, total 95; 
Company E, 6 men killed and 2 officers and 59 men wounded, total 68; 
Company F, 1 officer and 9 men killed and 31 men wounded, total 41 ; 
Company G, 1 officer and 8 men killed and 1 officer and 67 men 
wounded, total 77; Company H, 2 officers and 9 men killed and 3 
officers and 72 men wounded, total 86; Company I, 1 officer and 6 men 
killed and 58 men wounded, total 65 ; Company K, 5 men killed and 2 
officers and 24 men wounded, total 31 ; Company L, 6 men killed and 1 
officer and 65 men wounded, total 72; Company M, 1 officer and 14 men 
killed and 1 officer and 60 men wounded, total 76 ; Machine Gun Com- 
pany, 4 men killed and 30 wounded, total 34; Headquarters Company, 
1 officer and 9 men wounded, total 10; Sanitary Detachment, 1 officer 
and 2 men wounded, total 3, and Field and Staff, 2 officers wounded. 
The total for the regiment being 9 officers and 122 men killed and 18 
officers and 704 wounded and 10 missing, or a grand total of 863 
casualties. In addition to these, five officers and 139 men were injured 
or taken sick and evacuated to hospitals. To the casualty total of the 
regiment for the Aisne-Marne Offensive should be added the 4 men 
killed and 15 men wounded in the Beauvardes Woods, July 29th, which 
brings the total up to 882. 

The Regimental Headquarters was established at the little village 
of le Montcel, about half a kilometer from the du Pelger Woods. As 
a further measure of comfort the construction of shower baths were 
commenced and completed on the following day. The du Pelger Woods 
lay directly north and within 400 yards of the Jomblets Woods and 
northeast of Hill 212, where the savage fighting on August 1st and 2nd 
took place and many of our fallen men had not yet been buried, and 
many dead Germans were still lying on the ground, so burial details 
were organized and our dead comrades laid to rest where they fell and 
their graves marked with a little wooden cross to which was attached 
the identification tag of each dead soldier for future identification. 

134 



AFTER AISNE-MARNE OFFENSIVE 

The German dead were also buried and their graves marked with a 
stick, upon which was placed a German helmet, with no further mark 
of identification, and the name of the dead lying in these graves will 
never be known and will be forever counted among the missing. These 
graves, each marking the resting place of a fallen soldier, were relig- 
iously respected by friend and foe alike, and all refrained from dis- 
turbing them in any way or from removing any helmets. 

The Supply Company and the company kitchens were close at 
hand and the army ration was again served hot and without limit, 
which made all feel happy once more. At night the men gathered about 
in groups, but without camp fires or lights, as we were still close enough 
to the front to be observed by the enemy night air prowlers. While 
gathered about, the events and personal experiences of the past two 
weeks were talked about and the folks at home were in the minds of 
every one and mail was eagerly anticipated on the morrow. At taps 
every one, except a few guards, rolled up in their blankets and slept 
as only soldiers can. The night went by without molestation from 
enemy aerial bombing planes. 

The following day, August 9th, was also a day of rest, except that 
the work of cleaning up the woods and surrounding fields and the work 
on the shower baths continued, and by night the work was finished. On 
the 10th the regiment was inspected by General Haan, our Division 
Commander, who also made a brief talk in which he commended the 
regiment very highly for its work during the past twelve days. By this 
time it became apparent that if the enemy aerial observation had not 
discovered our camp, the flies surely had, and the camp was loaded 
with them. They were attracted by the dead bodies of men and horses 
and as these had all been buried, they gave special attention to us; 
they lit upon every particle of food in sight, and even while eating, 
they clung to every spoonful and had to be brushed aside from every 
mouthful before it was eaten. They made a slice of bread look like a 
piece of coal. All known means were taken to get rid of them, but 
only partially succeeded. 

August 11th was another day of rest and on the 12th a schedule 
of training was begun. New formations in modern warfare were prac- 
ticed and special instruction given in the use of new weapons produced 
by this war, such as grenades, automatic rifles, and machine guns, and 
also how to use captured enemy machine guns. Also open warfare 
tactics were practiced, as the situation indicated that trench warfare 
was soon to be replaced by a war of movement. A little of the time 
for training was employed each day in company close order drill. 

On the following day an epidemic of dysentery attacked the regi- 

135 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

ment and almost prevented carrying out the drill schedule, and it was 
several days before the epidemic was entirely brought to an end. How- 
ever, the drill schedule was carried out every day. Somehow, the Ger- 
mans discovered our location and that night, shortly after taps, his 
aerial bombers cut loose on us and dropped bombs in the woods and 
vicinity for the first time, and after that he repeated this every night 
during the remainder of our stay in the woods, but good fortune was 
with us and not a casualty was caused by these enemy raids, but they 
did interfere somewhat with our sleep. 

August 14th and 15th were devoted to carrying out the drill sched- 
ule and on the afternoon of the latter day the regimental band gave a 
concert to the regiment. August 16th was a day of rest. The follow- 
ing day clothing and equipment was inspected for shortage, and a few 
days later the shortage was supplied and the regiment was once more 
thoroughly equipped, and as the Division was in reserve of the Amer- 
ican troops holding the front along the Vesle River, we surmised that 
we would soon take our place in the front line again. A few days later 
the Germans did make an attempt to re-cross the Vesle and our troops 
holding the line fell back slightly and we momentarily expected to be 
ordered into battle again but, fortunately, the Germans did not succeed 
in establishing themselves on the south shore of the river and fell back 
to their original positions along the north bank. 

August 18th was Sunday. Our regimental chaplain, Rev. Patrick 
R. Dunnigan, held Mass at 8 o'clock in the morning, he having erected 
a crude little altar in the center of the woods. At 10 o'clock Rev. 
Acree held church services at the same altar. Immediately after church 
services, Rev. C. W. Merrian, of Michigan, and a Y. M. C. A. speaker, 
gave a very interesting talk to the regiment. The remainder of the day 
was spent resting and writing letters. The drill schedule was followed 
by the entire regiment on August 19th and 20th. In the forenoon of 
August 21st the drill schedule was carried out and at 8:30 p. m. the 
regiment started on a maneuver in which the entire division partici- 
pated and returned to the du Pelger Woods at 10 o'clock on the night 
of August 22nd. 

During the forenoon of August 23rd the regiment continued to carry 
out the drill schedule, and in the afternoon orders were received to pre- 
pare to move the next morning, so the rest of the day was used in 
policing the camp, packing equipment and writing letters to the folks 
at home. During the night it rained slightly. 

During our stay in these woods our ranks were somewhat depleted 
by many of our best officers and sergeants being sent back to the 
United States as instructors, and while the regiment had received new 

136 



TO A NEW FRONT 

equipment to replace damaged and lost equipment, no new replace- 
ment troops were received to make up for our losses and our effective 
fighting strength was but half what it should have been. 

GOING TO A NEW FRONT 

Every one was up early the morning of August 24th. The final 
policing was done and immediately after breakfast the kitchen stoves 
were taken from the wheels and loaded on trucks. This was a de- 
parture from the regular method of transporting kitchens. Ordinarily 
they would follow the regiment as part of the wagon train, but when 
troops move in trucks the train can not keep up and a separation of 
troops and their subsistence supply result with much consequent suf- 
fering. The regiment went through this experience when it was moved 
by trucks from the Verberie region to Chateau-Thierry, and profiting 
by that experience, it was decided to take the kitchens with the regi- 
ment on this trip, to the great joy of the entire regiment. 

At 9 o'clock in the forenoon the regiment loaded into a seemingly 
endless line of French camions (motor trucks) which had been lined up 
along the road near our camp, and the regiment was on the move once 
more and our destination, as usual, was unknown to us. Many rumors 
were current as to our destination; some were to the effect that we 
were going to a beautiful rest area far to the rear for three months' 
rest; some had it that we were going to Paris for two weeks; but the 
most plausible one was that we were bound to another part of the front 
where heavy fighting was going on, and this is exactly what happened. 
The camions were driven by Indo-Chinese chauffeurs. These little 
fellows will always be remembered by their peculiar habits and also 
their apparent faithfulness. They all smoked little pipes, which they 
filled and lighted and then, after but one or two long draws, would 
empty them. An extraordinary short smoke all agreed. Our route 
was parallel with the front and took us through Fere en Tardenois, 
Grand Rozoy, St. Remy, Longpont, Coeuvres, to Croutoy, near which 
place the regiment debarked, and the 1st and 3rd Battalions and Head- 
quarters Company marched to woods near the town, and the 2nd Bat- 
talion and Machine Gun Company went to Jaulzy. All of the terri- 
tory through which we traveled was within the German lines prior to 
the Allied counter-offensive of July 18th, and presented the same 
familiar sights to which we were by now accustomed. There were the 
same shell-riddled heaps of stone, which formerly were inhabited vil- 
lages, but now flattened to the ground by the artillery of both armies ; 
the same shell-torn fields, with traces of barbed wire entanglements 
and cut up by trenches; the hard gravel roads were full of shell-holes, 

137 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

but were being rapidly repaired by engineers, yet they were rough 
enough to be remembered for some time after this trip of eight hours 
in springless trucks. The distance traveled was fifty-five kilometers 
and the little town of Croutoy was reached about 3 o'clock in the 
afternoon. The town lays about twenty kilometers due west of Sois- 
sons. Regimental headquarters was established in a chateau overlook- 
ing the beautiful Aisne River valley and a splendid view of the sur- 
rounding country could be had from this building. The 1st and 3rd 
Battalion headquarters were also established in the town, while the 2nd 
Battalion headquarters was established in Jaulzy. Only one or two 
civilians greeted the troops on their arrival, the rest of the population 
having evacuated the town, several months before and had not yet re- 
turned to claim their former homes. 

PART OF THE 10th FRENCH ARMY 

Here we learned that we were a part of General Mangin's famous 
10th French Army and were to take part in another one of the major 
offensives planned by the Allies and officially known as the "Oise- 
Aisne Offensive." 

It may not be amiss at this time to give a brief review of the 
events on the western front up to the present. It will be remembered 
that the Germans opened the 1918 Spring Offensive by a big push 
launched on March 21st, from Cambria and St. Quentin against the 
British 5th Army, which was not checked until the Germans had almost 
reached Amiens to the west of their starting point, and Noyon to the 
southwest. This was followed by several other big pushes, which ad- 
vanced the German lines to beyond Montdidier and Soissons and 
dangerously close to Compiegne. Thus the line stood when the Ger- 
mans launched their last push of the war when they attempted to cross 
the Marne east of Chateau-Thierry and take Epernay, on July 15th, 
and which ended in failure for them. 

When the Allied counter-offensive against the Marne salient was 
begun, on July 18th, the initiative of battle was once more on the side 
of the Allies, and as the initiative gives the advantage to the army 
which has gained it, the Allied High Command determined to hold its 
advantage and planned other successive offensives to follow the Allied 
victory in wiping out the Marne salient. 

Beginning on August 8th, the British and French armies began 
pounding in the head of the enemy's Amiens salient. Pressure also 
continued, but without much success, on the Vesle front, with the 
object of eventually pushing across the Aisne and recovering the old 
French positions on the Chemin des Dames. On August 8th, the Brit- 

138 



ATTACHED TO THE 10th FRENCH ARMY 

ish attacked on the Amiens front and two days later the French 
attacked on the front in the vicinity and to the south of Montdidier. 
Still further to the south General Mangin's 10th French Army held the 
front between Compiegne and Soissons and on August 20th, in order 
to aid the progress of both these attacks, Mangin's army began driv- 
ing a wedge into the German front between Soissons and the Oise 
River, which by the 25th, had developed a salient, the left side of which 
flanked the enemy's Hindenburg line near the Oise, while its right side 
was moving eastward squarely across the flank of the Germans' de- 
fensive systems between the Aisne and the Ailette Rivers. 

The Germans knew that if this flank attack could not be checked 
promptly, their Vesle, Aisne and Chemin des Dames positions were all 
doomed, and perhaps Laon as well, and also that any further Allied 
advance on this part of the front would expose their southern flank of 
the Amiens salient and compel them to withdraw from this salient to 
avoid disaster, and they fought fiercely to retain their foothold. From 
the vicinity of the Oise to Soissons, the 18th, 7th, 30th, 1st and 20th 
French Corps, constituting the 10th French Army, were pressing the 
attack and by August 25th the right had reached Pasly, a little village 
northwest of Soissons, from where the line ran in a northerly direction, 
passing to the east of Bieuxy, to Guny, from which place it ran north- 
west to Abbecourt and then west toward Noyon. Along this line the 
Allied eastward advance, on this part of the front, had practically 
come to a standstill. 




OVER THE TOP IN THE MEUSE-ARGONNE BATTLE. (Pencil Sketch.) 

139 



CHAPTER IX 
THE OISE-AISNE OFFENSIVE 



ON AUGUST 25th, the day following the arrival of the regiment 
at Croutoy, the companies of the 1st and 3rd Battalions moved 
from the woods to the valley on the northern edge of the town, 
where camp was made in orchards, while the Headquarters Company 
was billeted in the town, and the Machine Gun Company was quar- 
tered with the 2nd Battalion at Jaulzy. On this day the Supply Com- 
pany and Regimental Wagon Train, including the machine gun and one- 
pound cannon carts, which had driven overland, joined the regiment. 
In the forenoon a conference of the officers and platoon sergeants of the 
regiment was held, when the plan for the coming battle was gone over 
and explained. The 32nd Division was attached to the 30th French 
Corps, which was in the center of the front held by the 10th French 
Army, and our division was to relieve units of this corps. The 63rd 
Brigade was to make the initial attack, with the 64th Brigade in sup- 
port. The 126th Infantry was to take the right sector of the Division 
front and the 125th the left. It was realized by all that the forth- 
coming battle was to be another hard tussle, with real and strenuous 
fighting to be done. 

SHOCK TROOPS 

The 32nd Division was one of America's shock divisions; it having 
been designated as such ever since it became a combat division. While 
considerable glory may rightfully be claimed by any organization 
selected to be shock troops, such assignment usually carried with it the 
most severe fighting which troops were called upon to do. To shock 
troops fell the difficult task, every time the Huns became obstinate and 
refused to budge from their stronghold, to pry them loose from their 
positions and give them a fresh start toward the Rhine, and this was 
by no means an easy operation. Our experience had always been that 
by the time we came into the action the Germans had a few days' time 
in which to thoroughly organize their positions for defense and pre- 
pare against further attack, and as they were expecting a renewal of 
the attack, they took every precaution to guard against surprise and 
so no advantage could be had from this source, and consequently, for 
at least the first day or two, most fierce and desperate fighting ensued, 

140 



SHOCK TROOPS 

often hand-to-hand before the enemy was dislodged from his position 
and forced to retire to new positions to the rear. While heavy losses 
were inflicted upon the enemy in these initial encounters, they also 
•occasioned severe losses to our troops. As the events of the next few 
days proved, the forthcoming battle was no exception to the bitter 
fighting at the Ourcq and the Vesle. 

It being Sunday, the usual church services were conducted by our 
chaplains, and the remainder of the day was spent in rest and writing 
letters to the folks at home. During the night enemy airplanes were 
active and dropped a considerable number of bombs in the vicinity of 
the regiment but, luckily, no casualties resulted. 

The next morning, August 26th, the skies were overcast and by 
10 o'clock rain began to fall. The companies went out to drill soon 
after breakfast but returned to their quarters on account of the rain. 
An inspection of equipment and ammunition was held in the afternoon 
and orders were received and preparations made to move up to the 
front. This news was received with shouts, as the regiment was itch- 
ing for something to do after its period of rest. It was the general 
feeling that the sooner the Yanks finished the job they came to do, the 
sooner they would return to their own beloved country and loved ones 
at home, and soon after dark the regiment began what proved to be a 
long and tiresome hike. 

The various units marched by different routes to Jaulzy, where 
the regiment was assembled. The Headquarters Company left Croutoy 
at 8:00 p. m., and marched to Jaulzy, where it was joined by the 
Machine Gun Company; the 3rd and 1st Battalions followed in the 
order named. From Jaulzy the road followed ran through Attichy and 
Bitry. The 2nd Battalion left Jaulzy about 9 o'clock and took the 
Soissons-Compiegne road; the Aisne River was crossed at Vic-sur- 
Aisne on pontoon bridges built by the French engineers. The Supply 
Company and Regimental Wagon Train marched separately. The rain 
had stopped and the moon was shining brightly. Enemy planes were 
constantly flying overhead trying to learn what was going on behind 
the Allied front. No smoking or lighting of matches was allowed and 
the troops marched in silence. French guides met the regiment at Vic- 
sur-Aisne, and, after passing through the first town beyond, the whole 
column, led by guides, started up a long incline, and after traveling for 
more than an hour, it was discovered that we were on the wrong road 
and it became necessary to go back down the incline to the right road, 
where the regiment halted for a short rest. As the regiment was now 
within enemy artillery range, the column continued the march in single 
file, with five paces between men, and passed through Riviere to Tar- 

141 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

tiers, where the regiment halted in the ravine two kilometers northwest 
of the town at 7 o'clock in the morning of August 27th. The Machine 
Gun Company became separated from the regiment at Vic-sur-Aisne 
and it and the Supply Company and Wagon Train, which had come up, 
halted at Vezaponin later in the day. 

While the distance to Tartiers was not over twenty kilometers, the 
regiment actually covered about twenty-six kilometers, due to the mis- 
take in taking the wrong road ; and because of the frequent halts caused 
by the enormous road congestion, the time consumed was much more 
than it would be under more favorable conditions. It began to rain 
again towards morning and this made walking more difficult and dis- 
agreeable, so that the hiking continued well into daylight and enemy 
planes were up observing our movements. Having been on their feet 
almost continually for ten hours, all the while with heavy packs on 
their backs, the men were very fatigued and upon arriving in the 
woods, flung themselves upon the ground and were soon fast asleep, 
some being too tired to even unsling their packs. Many men were 
unable to stand the hard grind and fell by the wayside along the 
march. The place where the regiment had halted was on the line of 
the artillery, and the cannons were belching forth their terrific noise 
and sending their shells right over our heads, but the men were too 
exhausted to be disturbed and they slept soundly until late in the 
afternoon. During the afternoon the officers made a reconnaissance as 
far as Bieuxy, which was about two kilometers behind the foremost 
front line. 

TAKING OVER THE FRONT AT JUVIGNY 

About 4 o'clock in the afternoon a hot meal was served from our 
own kitchens and the remaining daylight, knowing that we were to 
move up to the line as soon as darkness set in, was devoted to clean- 
ing rifles and pistols, and putting an edge on bayonets, as these were 
the doughboys' most trusty weapons. By late in the afternoon the artil- 
lery on both sides had ceased firing and it was very quiet. The weather 
had cleared, and as darkness set in, the moon came up shining brightly, 
making troop movements so close to the front dangerous even at night. 
The 2nd and 3rd Battalions were ordered to take over the front line, 
with the 1st Battalion in brigade reserve. In the 2nd Battalion, to 
which was assigned the left of the regimental sector, Companies G and 
H, from left to right, were to take over the front line, with Companies 
E and F in support. In the 3rd Battalion, which was on the right, 
Companies K and L, from left to right, were to take over the front, 
with Companies I and M in support. At 9 o'clock, with the 3rd Bat- 

142 



TAKING OVER THE FRONT AT JUVIGNY 

talion leading, the march to the front line began. The men were 
arranged in single file with five paces between men and fifty paces 
between platoons. The column moved out of the ravine and started to 
go across the fields to the Tartiers-Bieuxy road, but after proceeding a 
short distance, ran into a mass of barbed wire entanglements in the 
darkness and after floundering around for a short time to find an open- 
ing, the head of the column went back and took the road running south 
to the Tartiers-Bieuxy road and then went northwest on this road and 
turned east at the first cross-road as far as the road fork east of 
Bieuxy, where guides from the companies to be relieved were met. The 
1st Battalion and Machine Gun Company took up a reserve position 
in the trenches south of Bieuxy. Companies L and K proceeded to 
their positions by following the road a short distance and then cutting 
across the fields to the south of Valpriez Farm until the road running 
southeast of the farm was reached, which was followed a short dis- 
tance and then crossed the field to a position behind the west bank of the 
north and south road about a kilometer east of Valpriez Farm. L Com- 
pany's right was at the junction of the cross-road a kilometer south of 
the farm and the north and south road, and K Company's left was at 
the cross-road running southeast from the farm. Company I was in 
position in support of Company K along the bank on this east road 
about 500 yards back and where 3rd Battalion headquarters was estab- 
lished. Company M was to take up a support position in rear of Com- 
pany L, but instead the French guide took the company up to the 
front line, where it relieved a third company of the French, and ex- 
tended the regimental front to the right to Company L on a line about 
two hundred and fifty yards west of the north and south road. Com- 
panies G and H proceeded to their place in the front line by following 
the ravine around the north and east of Valpriez Farm and across the 
hill to the north and south road, where the right of Company H con- 
nected up with K Company's left, and Company G extended the regi- 
mental front to the left to within two hundred yards of the north cross- 
road leading to the farm. Company E, which was in support of Com- 
pany G, proceeded to a large cave about three hundred yards east of 
Valpriez Farm, while Company F, supporting Company H, also went 
to this cave and sometime later took its position behind the road bank 
south of the cave. The headquarters of the 2nd Battalion was in the 
cave, and the advanced Regimental Post of Command was also estab- 
lished in this cave. This cave was an excavated cavern in the side of 
the hill and large enough to accommodate a thousand men. It had an 
arched roof formed by rock about ten feet thick, and the Germans, who 
had previously occupied it, had made some small holes through this 

143 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 












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144 



OVER THE TOP 

roof for ventilation. The advanced P. C. of the 125th Infantry was 
also located in this cave and both regiments had their advanced dress- 
ing stations here. 

Our regiment relieved troops of the 353rd French Regiment of 
Infantry, which belonged to the 127th French Division. The relief was 
completed by 3 o'clock in the morning. Very little information of the 
situation and lay of the ground could be obtained from the French 
troops who, for some reason, exhibited a very keen desire to get out 
of this place as soon as possible, and the location of the advanced lines 
of the enemy in our front was not imparted to our troops. 

To our left was the 125th Infantry of our own Brigade and to its 
left was the 64th French Division of the 30th Corps. To our right was 
the 59th French Division of the 1st French Corps. The country imme- 
diately on our front is known as the Juvigny plateau, and consists of 
high open ground cut up by many ravines. The right of our line was 
dominated by Hill 162.8, which was directly in front of our extreme 
right and it was the highest point on this part of the front. A slight 
ridge extended from the crest of the hill in a northeasterly direction 
and diagonally across our front, and the ground from both the hill and 
the ridge sloped gently toward our line. On the other side of the ridge, 
at a distance of about a kilometer in front of our lines, and down a 
gradual, open hill slope, the embankment of the railroad from Soissons 
to Crecy-au-Mont crossed the Divisional sector nearly at right angles, 
and about a kilometer beyond the railroad, in about the middle of the 
sector, the solidly-built village of Juvigny nestled in the bottom of a 
ravine, one of whose wooded branches extended southwestward toward 
the right flank of our regiment and the left flank of the 59th Division. 

The railroad and Hill 162.8 formed a small enemy salient into the 
Allied line, and the enemy's position here, to which he was clinging 
with all his power, was holding up the Allied advance all along the 
10th Army front, and our Division was brought in specifically to smash 
through. 

OVER THE TOP 

Shortly after relieving the French troops in the line, orders for an 
attack were received. The attack was to be made by our Division 
and the French on our right. The zero hour was 7 o'clock, and the 
attack was preceded by artillery preparation, which commenced at 
5 a. m. and lasted a half hour. An artillery barrage was to precede the 
attacking line, and fifteen minutes before 7 o'clock the French artillery 
dropped a barrage two kilometers to the right in front of the French. 
No barrage dropped on the regimental front except on the extreme left, 
which caused a delay in the time of the attack while waiting for the 

145 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

barrage to come; still no barrage came and fifteen minutes after the 
zero hour the regiment went forward without artillery support. 

The attack was made without time for previous reconnaissance 
and the front line companies of the 2nd and 3rd Battalions went over 
the top and advanced in a northeasterly direction ; Companies G and H 
encountered heavy machine gun fire from the trench and ridge on their 
front and also from the trench and woods to the left. The Boche line 
was not over one hundred and fifty yards from the road from which the 
attack started, and the companies advanced up the gradual slope so 
rapidly and in spite of the machine gun fire, that they reached the 
enemy first line almost before the Germans realized an attack was on, 
and they were much surprised to find Americans attacking them, and 
all who were not killed put up their hands and shouted "Kamerad" 
and were promptly taken prisoners and sent to the rear. From this 
point the progress was slow, as the machine guns in holes along the top 
of the ridge kept up a furious fire and after going forward from shell- 
hole to shell-hole, the ridge was finally taken and the men dug them- 
selves in, all the while being under heavy machine gun and rifle fire 
from the enemy who was in position behind the railroad embankment 
three hundred yards distant. 

In front of the 3rd Battalion the enemy had evacuated the posi- 
tions held by him in front of K and L companies before the attack, no 
doubt, because of the rifle fire our men delivered at him at early dawn, 
and the enemy's former position here was quickly reached; however, as 
the line came out in the open, it met with a severe enfilading machine 
gun fire from Hill 162.8 and the ridge to the front. The road bank, 
behind which our front line lay before the attack, afforded good protec- 
tion, but this bank did not extend beyond the right of L company ; here 
the road met the level of the adjoining ground as it continued over the 
crest of Hill 162.8. Company L could not proceed very far on account 
of the enfilading fire from the hill, but a few men filtered forward to 
advanced positions and partially surrounded it, and M company, which 
was supposed to be in support and consequently received no orders to 
attack, moved with the rest of the line up to the road and its right was 
directly in front of Hill 162.8. The men took cover in shell-holes and 
small trenches, as here the road was level with the surface of the 
ground and afforded no cover, and opened fire on the hill from the 
west; also a machine gun of the 120th Machine Gun Battalion attached 
to the 3rd Battalion fired on the hill from a northwesterly direction. All 
this fire converging on this hostile machine gun nest neutralized its 
fire so that the advancing line further to the left was able to proceed 
without much further hindrance from this enemy stronghold; but before 

146 



THE ENEMY COUNTER-ATTACK 

this was accomplished, the two right platoons of K company were 
forced to take cover in a cable trench, which ran in a straight line over 
the top of the ridge to the railroad, along which they continued to 
advance until within one hundred yards of the track, when further 
advance was stopped by the fire of a Hun machine gun which enfiladed 
the trench from the railroad, killing and wounding nearly two-thirds 
of the men in the two platoons and those who remained gradually fell 
back to their original position, carrying their wounded with them. The 
other platoons of this company followed the trench to the left of the 
cable trench and advanced beyond the top of the ridge to within one 
hundred and fifty yards of the railroad and scattered in pits and shell- 
holes along the front and to the right of the trench, which position they 
held until later in the afternoon. Companies G and H were in position 
along the top of the ridge and back of K company. 

After concentrating our fire on the enemy strongpoint on Hill 162.8 
for about an hour, a white rag was raised on a stick and nine Germans 
came over to our lines and surrendered, and a little later the remainder 
of the enemy in this nest, about sixty in number, ran over and surren- 
dered to Company M and to the French, a few of whom had moved up 
in the meantime to the right of Company M. Nine machine guns were 
captured in this nest and a few more were picked up in the immediate 
vicinity. Company M then advanced to trenches fifty yards north of 
the road and a platoon occupied an advance position on the crest of the 
hill and ridge and within three hundred yards of the railroad, which 
position the company held until morning. 

When the first line went forward Companies E and F left their 
support positions and advanced to the road from which the attack was 
made, and a little later moved forward up the hill and reinforced the 
leading companies of the 2nd Battalion. Company I also went forward 
about the same time to reinforce K company and dug in along the top 
of the ridge between K and M companies. All the support companies 
were obliged to advance through heavy shell-fire, which the Germans 
were dropping in rear of our front line to prevent reinforcements going 
forward. The 1st Battalion moved up soon after the attack began and 
took up a support position along the road running south from Valpriez 
Farm. While passing over the hill just west of the road, they were 
showered with high explosive shells, but fortunately no casualties were 
suffered. The Machine Gun Company advanced at the same time and 
halted at the farm. 

THE ENEMY COUNTER-ATTACK 
The enemy was forced back to the railroad and the ridge and hill 

147 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

was now entirely in our hands. The new positions were organized and 
prepared to resist any counter-attack the enemy may start and which 
was momentarily expected. Hill 162.8 and the ridge were of great mili- 
tary importance, as they dominated the military situation in either 
direction. From them a view of the surrounding country could be had 
for several kilometers. The railroad and the town of Juvigny were in 
plain view, as well as the country for some distance to the east. The 
French had previously made three attempts to take this hill and ridge 
and failed each time. While the railroad embankment and the ravines 
to the east of it offered positions to the enemy from which he could still 
offer stiff resistance, yet it was obvious that he could not remain here 
long without having possession of the hill and ridge occupied by our 
troops. So about 3:00 p. m. the Germans commenced a terrific shell- 
ing of our advance and support positions. High explosive and shrapnel 
shells burst among our men in rapid succession and dropped in such a 
way as to form walls of flying metal on the sides and rear of our front 
lines and in this way prevented our men falling back or receiving re- 
inforcements ; the enemy was putting down what is called a box barrage 
as a preliminary for a counter-attack. The enemy had minnenwerfers 
and machine guns in place behind the east bank of the railroad and in 
the ravine to our right front, and the fire from these guns were directed 
upon our positions. E company dropped back five hundred yards and 
the two platoons of K company dropped back one hundred and fifty 
yards, where better positions to meet the coming counter-attack could 
be obtained. The remainder of the companies held their positions. 

At 4 o'clock in the afternoon the Germans counter-attacked to 
regain the hill and ridge. They advanced from the ravine to the south- 
east of our line, and came in a massed line formation. As soon as they 
were within easy range our line opened on them with a deadly rifle 
fire and while their lines became thinner, they kept on coming and the 
nearer they approached the more violent our fire became. They reached 
the railroad but got no farther, as our fire was too hot for them and 
they broke and retreated in disorder, leaving a trail of dead and wounded 
behind them, all of the latter being made prisoners by our men. The 
enemy casualties in this counter-attack was many times more than 
ours, and while another counter-attack was expected, it did not come 
and it was surmised that the Hun had enough with one try against our 
defense. After things had again become quiet our artillery shelled the 
enemy positions in the ravines and woods east of the railroad. Toward 
dark the two platoons of K company retired to their original position, 
where the company was reorganized and took up a position along the 
top of the ridge with the other companies of the 3rd Battalion. No 

148 



ATTACK ON AUGUST 28th 

further change was made in the line held and it remained the same 
throughout the night. About 7 : 00 p. m. it began to rain and it continued 
to rain until 4:00 the next morning, and the holes and trenches occupied 
by the men quickly filled with water and became regular mud holes, 
making our positions miserable; and to make matters worse, the men 
could not move from their mud holes because the Hun was "straffing" 
us by dropping high explosive and shrapnel shells in our midst the 
greater part of the night. 

While the distance advanced during the day was not great, the 
ground gained was important. The French on our right had made no 
progress. The day's operation was primarily to straighten out the dent 
in the line preparatory to a general attack, with the result that this 
was accomplished and the line advanced one kilometer. On the morn- 
ing of this day, 1st Lieut. William J. Beal, of Company L, received a 
mortal wound from a machine gun bullet and died two hours later, and 
2nd Lieut. Carl Thompson, of Company E, was killed in action. The 
total casualties for the day were 2 officers and 65 men killed and 120 
men wounded, as follows: Company E, 1 officer and 3 men killed and 
9 men wounded; Company F, 7 men killed and 7 men wounded; Com- 
pany G, 14 men killed and 14 men wounded; Company H, 15 men 
killed and 23 men wounded; Company I, 10 men wounded; Company 
K, 19 men killed and 28 men wounded; Company L, 1 officer and 7 men 
killed and 19 men wounded ; Company M, 10 men wounded. 

This day's action was a lively affair in which nearly every means 
known to modern warfare was employed by the enemy to stay the de- 
termined attack made by our troops, and the sensations and thoughts 
of a soldier in battle is well described in a letter written by one of our 
men to his folks, and from which we quote as follows: 

"At 7:15 we went over the top with about half a company and 
advanced across a big open field that was swept by machine gun fire 
and rained on by bursting shrapnel. As we went over, our platoon 
sergeant fell, and as I had most of my squad organized, the platoon 
used my squad as a base unit to form around and follow. O, boy! It 
was some sight. Men fell all around me, but I did not worry about 
being hit, for I was a real wild man. I had blood in my eyes and just 
wanted to kill. A Boche machine gun emplacement in front of me was 
spitting fire until we got fifty yards from it. When we swept down on 
it (two privates and I), three Bodies lay flat on the ground, terrorized. 
The fourth was on his knees with his hands clutching his jaw, trembling 
like a dope fiend and his eyes bulging. 

"I yelled to one private to turn the machine gun around and at 
the same time I took care of three Boches. The din was great and the 

149 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

cries horrible. The battlefield was covered with gas, smoke, equipment, 
munition carts and men lying prone. But I went on to our objective, 
a railroad, and started to dig in. 

"On my right a man went down, for the snipers were busy and the 
machine gun bullets seemed to be bursting my ear drums as they 
cracked. Then I started to fire my own rifle. If I had had a machine 
gun I could have gotten more of them. The private had turned the 
machine gun and now had it about ten feet away on my left. He was a 
good scout with a lot of nerve. As he lay there I looked over and 
smiled to see him jump at every shot his gun fired, but the smile faded 
and he went down before he could speak. I had fired five clips (25 
rounds) and felt two pills hit my pack. 

"I threw the pack off in front of me and then a barrel hit me. I 
thought it was a piece of dirt until my rifle became heavy and I wanted 
a drink, and felt a sharp pain in my left shoulder. I dropped the rifle 
and drew my pistol and said to myself, 'You're a goner; fight for it.' I 
expected a counter-attack and waited for it. I've waited for food, pay, 
girls and lots of other things, but this had all the other kinds of waiting 
beat. But the Boche had had all they wanted and didn't come back." 

Orders were issued for an attack by the entire 10th French Army 
in the morning of August 29th. The plan of attack provided for the 
use of tanks, smoke screens and artillery support. The part to be taken 
by the regiment provided for an attack on its front with the railroad as 
the objective. The tanks assigned to the regiment were to be supported 
by details from the 1st Battalion. The zero hour for the attack was 
5:00 a. m. The 1st Battalion was to move up to a position along the 
road bank immediately behind our front line, and the 2nd and 3rd 
Battalions were to make the attack upon the railroad as soon as the 
tanks and their escorting groups passed through their lines. 

ATTACK ON RAILROAD 

The attack was preceded by artillery preparation, which began 
shortly after midnight, and our shells went whizzing and shrieking over 
our heads and into the Boche lines, and everyone felt happy, as the Huns 
were now getting their share of the constant shelling which prevailed 
during this battle. It was still raining and the night was very dark, but 
the sky was fairly ablaze with the flashes of bursting shells and the 
noise was deafening, making conversation in an ordinary voice impos- 
sible. The German machine gun emplacements behind the railroad 
embankment and in the ravines were so well covered that the artillery 
fire did little damage to them and they kept up an incessant rat-a- 
tat-tat on our front line. When daylight came, it found all safe and 

150 



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Upper picture : : German machine gun nests behind railroad embankment near Juvigny. They 
could not be reached by artillery fire. 

Lower picture : French tanks returning after assisting American attack on Aug. 29th near 
Juvigny. 

151 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

sound and soon the sun came up and helped dry the ground. During 
the night volunteers were asked from Companies A and B to go with 
the tanks, and these and the 1st Battalion Scouts were sent to report 
to the tank commanders. 

At 5:00 a. m. the tanks started up the road bank, behind which they 
had been concealed, and proceeded up the hill slope toward the top of 
the ridge. There were three of them in our regimental sector and they 
appeared on the extreme left. As the tanks advanced they were fol- 
lowed by the details from Companies A and B and the 1st Battalion 
Scouts. Behind them came waves of doughboys of the 1st Battalion 
and Machine Gun Company, who started from the vicinity of Valpriez 
Farm, to which place they had moved during the night. Our artillery 
activity during the night convinced the Germans that a renewal of the 
previous day's attack was impending and when they saw the tanks and 
doughboys coming they opened a terrific artillery fire on them and shells 
were bursting thick and fast in their ranks. Many fell during this 
advance, but those unhurt never faltered and kept on going. When the 
1st Battalion reached the road they halted and took cover behind the 
bank and waited for further orders. The Machine Gun Company had 
moved too far to the left and became separated from the 1st Battalion 
and followed a battalion of the 125th Infantry, which was advancing 
on the left of the regiment. The company advanced as far as the ridge 
and later in the day returned to its place with the 1st Battalion. When 
the tanks had passed through our front line, the companies on the left 
moved forward and followed them at one hundred yards distance. The 
remainder of the line to the right moved forward at the same time with- 
out supporting tanks. The enemy's fire was sweeping the ground, but 
nevertheless small groups seized the railroad along the regimental front 
and captured many machine guns, which were turned on the Germans. 
However, the troops were so exposed to the enemy's raking fire from 
machine guns and trench mortars, which were unharmed by our artil- 
lery fire, that they fell back to the hill crest, leaving a few men dis- 
tributed along the whole front in shell-holes and pits within one hundred 
yards of the railroad, from which positions a harassing rifle and 
machine gun fire was maintained on the enemy during the remainder of 
the day. An attempt was made to assist the frontal attack by a flank 
attack on our right, and Companies A and D, under Captain Graves, 
followed a trench around the regimental right with the object of getting 
in rear of the enemy in the wooded ravine, but they could get no farther 
than the railroad track and returned to their original position. 

Soon after the attack began, a fleet of about a hundred Allied 
planes appeared over the divisional front flying at a low altitude toward 

152 



CAPTURE OF JUVIGNY 

the enemy lines. They were in battle formation and a most welcome 
sight to the doughboys and assured us of good support in the air. This 
was the first time we had seen such an Allied demonstration in the air 
and it added most materially to the. confidence of the troops. 

About 4:00 p. m. an order for another attack upon the railroad 
was received. The attack was to be made at 5:30 p. m. After two 
days of battle the troops were pretty well exhausted and the effective 
strength of the regiment had been reduced to less than a thousand men. 
What was left of Companies G and H was consolidated with Companies 
E and F, and the other battalions were not in much better condition. 
Shortly before the time to attack arrived, the order for the attack was 
countermanded and the troops held their positions until shortly after 
midnight, when the regiment was relieved by the 127th Infantry of 
our division. While the general advance during the day's battle did 
not exceed two hundred yards, the enemy had received a severe 
trouncing, and as darkness came, his artillery and machine gun fire 
slackened considerably and finally ceased altogether, which was proof 
to us that the Germans were evacuating their positions in our front and 
the troops relieving us were able to capture Juvigny the following 
afternoon with little difficulty. The French on the right and left made 
no progress during the day. 

During the day 2nd Lieut. Arthur K. Atkins, of Company C, re- 
ceived wounds from which he died two days later. The casualties of 
the regiment for the day was one officer and 36 men killed and 12 
officers and 155 men wounded, as follows: Company A, 1 man killed 
and 2 officers and 11 men wounded; Company B, 4 men killed and 1 
officer and 14 men wounded; Company C, 1 officer and 4 men killed and 
22 men wounded; Company D, 2 men killed and 2 officers and 5 men 
wounded; Company E, 4 men killed and 14 men wounded; Company 
F, 5 men killed and 2 officers and 14 men wounded ; Company G, 1 man 
killed and 2 officers and 3 men wounded ; Company H, 3 men killed and 
2 officers and 3 men wounded ; Company I, 4 men killed and 5 men 
wounded; Company K, 3 men killed and 9 men wounded; Company L, 
1 man killed and 7 men wounded; Company M, 20 men wounded; 
Machine Gun Company, 3 men killed and 1 officer and 20 men wounded, 
and Headquarters Company, 1 man killed and 5 men wounded; Sani- 
tary Detachment, 3 men wounded. 

CAPTURE OF JUVIGNY 

August 30th. When the regiment was relieved in the front line 
shortly after midnight, the Regimental P. C. moved back from the cave 
to Bieuxy and the three battalions and the Machine Gun Company 

153 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

moved back to the vicinity of Valpriez Farm, where the regiment was in 
support of the 127th Infantry until late in the afternoon. Before noon 
the 59th French Division began pushing ahead slowly against Chavigny 
and the ravines in its front, and at 3:30 p. m. a general advance of the 
32nd Division commenced, the 127th Infantry, pressing northeast 
through the ravines toward Juvigny, reached the southern, then the 
western, and the 128th Infantry finally reached the northern edges of 
the village. With the place thus surrounded, the town was captured 
about 7:00 p. m., and soon after, except on the left, the north and south 
road just east of Juvigny was the Division front line, where it remained 
during the night. 

After dark the regiment followed the advance made during the day 
and moved forward to the railroad. The 2nd Battalion was temporarily 
attached to the 127th Infantry and advanced to a position in the ravine 
south of Juvigny in support of that regiment. 

In the morning of August 31st our artillery and the artillery of the 
1st Moroccan Division opened a terrific artillery preparation of four 
hours' duration, covering all the ground from the road occupied by the 
front line of our Division, eastward for about three kilometers along 
the plateau to the village of Terny-Sorny. At 4 p. m. the artillery fire, 
whose intensity may be judged from the fact that it involved about 
one gun to each twelve meters of the 2,000 meter front, dropped back 
and formed a triple barrage in front of the 127th and 128th Infantry, 
which at the same moment advanced, supported on the front line by 
tanks and by two sniping batteries of the 147th Field Artillery. 

Resistance to such an attack was simply impossible. Dazed and 
shaken, the enemy generally fled or surrendered, for, as one of the 
prisoners said, "No matter where you turned, you were met with the 
fire of the artillery. The Americans were shooting all over the terrain. 
Their fire was certainly crazy." 

Although in spots, as at Beaumont Farm and in the Bois d'Alsace, 
some spirited opposition had to be overcome, the advance of the infantry 
was rapid, and before 8 p. m. the troops were in Terny-Sorny, and 
observers reported that everywhere to the eastward German artillery 
and transport was fleeing toward Margival and other remote hamlets. 
In the ravines and network of trenches and wire beyond the limits of 
the barrage the enemy at length made a stand, chiefly to protect his 
arrangements for further retreat. 

When the front line began its advance to Terny-Sorny, the 2nd 
Battalion followed immediately in rear as far as the eastern slope of 
the ravine southeast of Juvigny and halted in the Bois d'Alsace and 
the remainder of the regiment moved up at the same time to a position 

154 



THE "LES TERRIBLES" 

near the 2nd Battalion, where the regiment lay expecting to relieve the 
127th Infantry the following night. As no attack by our division was 
planned for the next day, the regiment was ordered to withdraw and 
moved back during the night to a support position near Valpriez Farm 
and Bieuxy. The following day, September 1st, was spent by the 32nd 
Division in cleaning out remaining machine gun nests and in improv- 
ing the positions won, the front line occupying approximately the north 
and south road just west of Terny-Sorny, with patrols covering the 
ground in front of it. During the early morning hours of September 
2nd, the 32nd Division was relieved by the 1st French Moroccan Divi- 
sion, and our regiment, being relieved at 4:30 a. m., moved back to the 
ravine just west of the Tartiers-Vezaponin Road, where the rear echelon 
troops of the regiment were stationed during the entire engagement on 
this front. Here the 32nd Division remained for the next few days as 
Corps Reserve. 

The total distance advanced by the 32nd Division in this offensive 
was five and one-half kilometers, and in capturing the strong German 
positions on the Juvigny plateau west of the town, the strongest props 
of the German defenses between the Aisne and the Ailette was broken, 
which contributed to an important extent to the success of the French 
in outflanking the German line on the Chemin des Dames. Twelve 
men were killed and 31 wounded on August 30th and 31st, principally 
from shell-fire. The casualties for these two days were as follows: 
Company D, 3 men killed and 1 man wounded; Company E, 2 men 
killed and 5 men wounded; Company F, 4 men wounded; Company G, 

1 man killed and 4 men wounded ; Company H, 4 men killed and 6 men 
wounded; Company I, 1 man wounded; Company K, 1 man killed and 

2 men wounded; Headquarters Company, 1 man killed and 7 men 
wounded, and Sanitary Detachment, 1 man wounded. The total casual- 
ties for the regiment during this entire engagement was 3 officers and 
113 men killed and 12 officers and 306 men wounded and 2 men missing, 
making a grand total of 436. The 32nd Division was opposed on this 
front by five German Divisions, the 7th, the 7th Reserve, the 223rd, 
the 237th and the 238th. Prisoners were taken by the regiment from 
the first three divisions. No count was kept of the number of prisoners 
taken, but there were more than two hundred taken by our regiment. 

THE "LES TERRIBLES" 
The 32nd Division was the only American Division which took 
part in the Oise-Aisne Offensive and while it was brought into this 
sector primarily to smash the strong German resistance which was hold- 
ing up the entire offensive operation, it also served another purpose; 

155 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

the appearance of American troops on this front was a complete sur- 
prise to the Germans. The Seventh Prussian Division had just entered 
the lines when our men attacked on the morning of August 28th and 
were astonished to find Americans facing them, and this surprise affected 
their morale to some extent. As American troops suddenly appeared 
at different points on the west front, the German soldier began to doubt 
the statements of his officers that the Yanks were not yet in France in 
large numbers, as he was beginning to learn otherwise by his actual- 
contact with them, and naturally this element had some discouraging 
influence upon him. Exactly the opposite effect was produced upon the 
French soldier, many of whom had not seen an American soldier, and 
his morale and spirit began to rise. 

By its work in this offensive, the 32nd Division had bestowed upon 
it the highest honors an American doughboy could wish. While the 
many American Divisions were straining their mental recesses to find 
a suitable and appropriate name to extoll their prowess as fighting men, 
the French Poilles fighting with us in this offensive did that for us and 
our Division was named by them the "Les Terribles," which, translated 
into our language, means "The Terribles." No other American Divi- 
sion in France was similarly honored and our troops have every reason 
to be proud to be thus recognized by the French soldiers who were 
veterans of four years' fighting. The Division was later cited in French 
Army Orders by General Mangin for its fighting ability, as demon- 
strated in this Offensive, and it was the first American Division in 
France to have the colors of its infantry and artillery regiments and 
machine gun battalions decorated with the "Croix de Guerre with 
Palm," which was the highest French cross of war. 

PINNING THE CROIX DE GUERRE TO THE COLORS 

The "Croix de Guerre with Palm" was presented to the regiment 
April 13, 1920, on the fields in the vicinity of Dierdorf, Germany, and 
while the regiment was serving in the Coblenz Bridgehead as part of the 
American Army of Occupation. General Mangin personally pinned the 
"French war cross" on the colors of the regiment and referred to the 
association of the 32nd Division with the 10th French Army in his 
speech of presentation in the following words: 

"I am very glad to be with you once more, and especially to meet 
you on the other side of the Rhine. I shall always cherish deeply my 
remembrance of the Thirty-second Division, which gave so splendid an 
account of itself in some of the great battles of the war. The name of 
'Juvigny' will enter not only into the history of this war, but into the 
history of your country. 

156 



DECORATING THE COLORS 

"You are going back home and when you get back I want you to 
tell everyone that you bring with you the gratitude and friendship of 
France." 

General Mangin's citation grouped the troops of the Division as 
two Infantry Brigades and other troops. The citation referring to our 
brigade reads as follows: 

"Sixty-third Infantry Brigade. Composed of the 125th and 126th 
Infantry Regiments, and the 120th Machine Gun Battalion, acquired 
the most splendid titles of glory in battles on August 28th in the vicin- 
ity of Juvigny. Scarcely having entered the lines, it dashed forward 
into the assault. The enemy, surprised, became demoralized by the 
rapidity and vigor of the attack. It proved its superiority in a fierce 
hand-to-hand struggle where the 125th and 126th Regiments and the 
120th Machine Gun Battalion emerged victorious despite counter- 
attacks by the enemy. It drove back the beaten enemy as far as the 
approach to Terny-Sorny, while efficaciously supporting neighboring 
French troops during the attack from August 31st to September 1st, 
1918." 

DIVISION RELIEVED 

The balance of the day, September 2nd, was devoted to resting and 
cleaning up. While meals were few and irregularly served during the 
last few days, we were now getting two meals a day. The enemy 
planes were quite active on this and the following day and dropped 
bombs in the vicinity, but did no damage; one French observation 
balloon near our position was brought down by an enemy plane, but 
the observer made a safe landing with his parachute. At 4:00 p. m., 
September 4th, orders were issued to roll packs and prepare to move 
and relieve troops on the front during the night and while the troops 
were waiting for the order to march, an order came shortly after 4:00 
a. m. informing the regiment that it was relieved from further service 
on this front and at 4:30 a. m. the march back to Croutoy began, which 
place was reached at noon on September 5th. The different units 
billeted and bivouacked in the same localities that they occupied before 
going to the front. The Supply Company and the Wagon Train accom- 
panied the regiment. After arriving at our new quarters everything 
was made as comfortable as could be under the circumstances and a 
good night's rest was obtained, the first in several days. The following 
morning an inspection of equipment was held and shortages noted. 

The regiment, as well as the whole division, had now been in two 
major offensives and had been greatly reduced in numbers by casualties 
and sickness, so that the entire strength of the regiment was now down 
to 35 officers and 1,750 men, from a normal strength of 103 officers 

157 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

and 3,680 men. The effective fighting strength was below 100 men 
per company and some companies had as low as 50 men, and the belief 
prevailed that before we went into another battle we would be sent 
back to a training area in the quiet section of France to reorganize and 
receive replacements, and this prospect was received with much delight. 
During the day about 340 replacement troops were received for the 
regiment, which were divided among the different units to bring each 
up to an equal strength. During the remainder of the day the troops 
rested. 



LOVE, MY THOUGHTS GO BACK TO YOU 

When it's morning in the trenches 
And the sun is breaking through, 
And the ground begins to glisten, 
Like the good old home-town dew, 
I look across the bob-wire 
And it makes me kind of blue, 
When it is morning in the trenches 
Love, my thoughts go back to you. 

When the sun is in the heavens, 
And the air is mighty hot, 
And it is hard to breathe and sniff, 
And your throat is dry as rot, 
I've got to grin and bear it, 
I've got to see it through, 
To make the burden lighter, 
Love, my thoughts go back to you. 

When the sun has passed the trenches 
And the after-glow is red, 
And the silver moon is shining 
On the silent earthy bed, 
I'm feeling kind of lonely-like, 
"And" I know you're lonely, too, 
When the sun has passed the trenches, 
Love, my thoughts go back to you. 

When the sniper stops his sniping, 
And skulking behind his line ; 
When the raider hides himself 
Away beyond the Rhine, 
And the German dofs his sombrero 
To the old Red, White and Blue, 
And it is calm along the trenches, 
Love, then I'll come back to you. 
— Paul Baumgartner, 
Better known as "Bummy, the Cook.' 



158 



CHAPTER X 

PERIOD BETWEEN THE OISE-AISNE AND ARGONNE 
OFFENSIVES 



A FTER resting for two days in the vicinity of Croutoy, orders were 
/~\ received to prepare to move to another locality. It was re- 
ported that the Division was to be rushed to the St. Mihiel 
sector and again placed in the battle line in the American offensive, 
which was to wipe out this salient held by the Germans since Septem- 
ber, 1914, and which threatened the entire region between Verdun and 
Nancy, and interrupted the main rail line from Paris to the east. The 
effective fighting strength per company at this time was below 100 
men, and the High Command finally decided to send the Division to a 
quiet billeting area for reorganization and replacements, which we were 
so badly in need of. Accordingly, on September 8th, the regiment 
moved to Mortefontaine and camped in the town and vicinity, and the 
following day moved to the railhead at Morienval, the troops camp- 
ing in the fields adjacent to the town. Early next morning, Septem- 
ber 10th, the regiment entrained on four trains, the Regimental Head- 
quarters and Auxiliary Units leaving on the first train at 7:30 a. m., and 
the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Battalions leaving in order, the 3rd Battalion get- 
ting away about 10:00 a. m. The destination of the regiment was in 
the vicinity of Joinville, where Division Headquarters was to be estab- 
lished, and the journey led through Noisy-le-Sec, near Paris, Coulom- 
miers and St. Dizier. The regiment detrained the same day at Rupt, 
about two kilometers from Joinville, and the Regimental Headquar- 
ters and Headquarters Company were billeted at Autigny-le-Petit, 
while the Machine Gun and Supply Companies were billeted at 
Autigny-le-Grand, and the three battalions were billeted at Ones- 
le-Val. While the Division rested in this area it was held under orders 
as Army reserve for the American Army attacking in the St. Mihiel 
Offensive. 

IN JOINVILLE REST AREA 

This was the first time since the regiment entered the Alsace 
trench sector, in May, 1918, that it was billeted in a region where civ- 

159 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

ilization still existed, and the change was most agreeable. Coming 
from the war devastated region, where woods, trenches and wrecked 
buildings were our habitual abode, it was a day or two before we 
again became accustomed to living in billets and with the civil popu- 
lation. Our former life during the training period in the States and in 
France was recalled, and our daily life became more regular, in that 
we now had regular hours for reveille, mess, retreat and taps. While 
in this area about 1,100 new replacements were received for the regi- 
ment, who arrived in two detachments on September 15th and 19th. 
Some of these replacements were inducted into the military service in 
the States as late as the first week in July, 1918, and had had only two 
weeks' training before reaching the regiment; others had about two 
months of training. The remainder of the time they had been travel- 
ing and arrived in France about September 1st. These new replace- 
ments brought the infantry companies up to within 50 men of their 
authorized strength, with only three officers per company. A daily 
schedule of training was begun immediately, especially for the benefit 
of the new men. This schedule was vigorously carried out, and in- 
cluded disciplinary drills, open warfare formations, and special instruc- 
tion in hand and rifle grenades and the use and employment of the 
infantry specialty weapons. Inspection and instruction in the use of the 
gas mask was also included, as well as rifle practice for the new men on 
an improvised target range. Some new clothing and equipment was 
issued to the regiment, and after a few days it began to look like the old 
regiment once more. The regimental band gave concerts nearly every 
evening, which was enjoyed by the civil population, as well as the 
troops. On Sunday, September 20th, church services were held, and on 
the day before, the Division Commander reviewed the Division. 

TO THE FRONT AGAIN 
During the night of September 17-18, 1918, under instructions 
from Division Headquarters, the Supply Company and the entire Field 
and Combat Train of the regiment, including all animal-drawn elements, 
began to march toward the front in the Verdun sector. Rumors began 
to circulate that our stay in this area was to be short, and that a new 
offensive was to start soon in which the Division was to participate. 
A special order of the 2nd French Army, dated September 19, 1918, 
placed the Division at the disposal of the 5th U. S. Corps, and on the 
morning of September 22nd, the regiment left their billets and assem- 
bled at a place north of Joinville, and in the afternoon climbed into 
French camions (trucks) driven by Chinese drivers, and after an all- 
night's ride in a pouring rain, arrived at the village of Lavoye between 

160 



TO THE FRONT AGAIN 

8 and 9 o'clock in the morning of September 23rd. Regimental Head- 
quarters was established in the village, while the remainder of the 
regiment bivouacked in woods nearby. Upon arrival, orders were re- 
ceived designating the 32nd Division as Corps Reserve for the 5th 
Corps. As it was now definitely known that a new American offensive 
was imminent, further training was begun immediately upon arrival, 
and new drill schedules prepared and temporary rifle ranges provided. 
On September 24th, Company K was detailed from the regiment for 
Corps Ammunition Service and was engaged in sending and transport- 
ing ammunition to the front line Divisions of the 5th Corps until 
October 11th, when it returned to the regiment. 

On September 25th, orders were received to move forward and be 
in readiness to support the divisions in our front, and at 8 o'clock p. m. 
the regiment proceeded by marching to a woods a kilometer northeast 
of Brabant-en-Argonne, where it arrived about 2 o'clock in the morn- 
ing of September 26th, and went into bivouac. At 5:30 that morning 
the First American Army went over the top on a front extending from 
the Meuse River to the Argonne Forest, with the 5th Corps in the 
center. The artillery fire which preceded this attack was the greatest 
and most terrific which we had ever heard. The attack having made 
good progress at the beginning, the Division was ordered to follow in 
close support, and at 1:00 p. m. packs were rolled and the regiment 
moved forward to the Bois de Marre, which was a few kilometers south 
of Avocourt, and just in rear of the front line trenches from which the 
attacking elements of the 5th Corps jumped off that morning. 




A SECTION OF WIRE ENTANGLEMENTS ON SOUTHERN EDGE OF ROMAGNE. 

161 



CHAPTER XI 
MEUSE-ARGONNE OFFENSIVE 



FIRST PHASE 

THE Meuse-Argonne battle, fought by the First Army, was the 
largest battle in American history. The plan of Marshal Foch, 
the Allied Commander, was for the British Army to break 
through the German lines between Cambrai and St. Quentin and push 
eastward, and for the French Fourth Army and the American First 
Army to drive northward on either side of the Argonne Forest. All 
the German armies in France and Belgium were supplied by two trunk 
railway systems ; the one on the north extending through Belgium, and 
the southern line extending westward from Loraine and Luxemburg, 
and using a common route from Longuyon through Sedan to Mezieres, 
beyond which it spread out and served the front from Laon to Verdun. 
These two lines were the arteries connecting his armies with his base 
of supplies. The Germans could not hope, in case of retreat, to get 
either the enormous concentration of troops and materials out of 
Western Belgium and Northern France by the northern line alone. If 
the southern line were cut on the Longuyon-Sedan sector, then a 
disaster to the Germans would be inevitable, because it would be 
impossible to get out of Belgium without abandoning great stores of 
material and losing heavy artillery and men. Nor would it be possible 
to remain, after the southern artery was cut, because the northern line 
was inadequate to supply and maintain the armies in Belgium and 
France. The general plan for the First American Army was to advance 
due north on a front between the Meuse River and the Argonne Forest, 
with its northern extension, the Forest of Bourgoyne, and to cut this 
vital railway line in the vicinity of Sedan. 

While the Americans were attacking on this front, the German 
was successfully attacked by the British, French and Belgiums, with 
the assistance of some • American Divisions, and forced to retire out 
of France and away from the Belgium coast, which he did in good 
order, and he could afford to surrender the territory thus lost, because 
it did not affect his line of communications which were perpendicular 
to the fighting front. On the other hand, if Sedan was reached, he 

162 



THE ARGONNE REGION 

lost his line of communications, and consequently the German was 
compelled to defend this sector to the utmost limit of his capacity 
against the Americans, just as he was bound to fortify this section with 
extreme care in advance of any such attack. 

The line from which the First American Army attacked on the 
morning of September 26, 1918, extended from the village of La Hara- 
zee in the Argonne Forest, east to the Meuse River at the mouth of 
Forges Brook. The distance between these points is less than twenty 
miles in a straight line, although the actual front, curving and bend- 
ing as it did, was about forty kilometers (twenty-five miles) long. 

THE ARGONNE REGION 

This region had been frequently fought over. The Valmy cam- 
paign was fought about the Argonne, and the region around Sedan 
saw the defeat of the French by the Germans in 1870-71. In 1914 
the Army of the Crown Prince crossed the Meuse between Sedan and 
Stenay, and reached the present line in September of that year, since 
when this line had been practically stabilized. The most memorable 
fighting in this war-scarred region had been the struggle for the hills 
south of Forges Brook, Hill 304 and Dead Man's Hill, in the spring 
of 1916, during the great Battle of Verdun, both of which hills were 
just within the American line. 

The terrain of the country was the most difficult for military 
operations on the whole western front. The Argonne Forest itself, is 
a long clayey eminence with a crest of some 800 feet above the general 
level of the country, ten miles long and heavily wooded. East of the 
Argonne and running along the base of the slope of its hills, is the little 
Aire River, flowing north through a narrow and open valley. Between 
the Aire River and the Meuse River, is a ten-mile stretch of country, 
incomparable as a defensive region. It is a maze of densely wooded 
and rugged heights, the highest about 1,000 feet, with some of the 
intervening valleys wooded and some of them open. The forests on 
hill and in valley supplied perfect cover for machine gun nests and 
effectively prevented their observation by us, while the hills gave the 
Germans almost direct observation upon our movements. Many little 
valleys leading eastward into the Meuse are commanded by the abrupt 
hills on the east bank of this stream. These heights not only protected 
the enemy's left, but they dominated the terrain west of the river, 
and gave him positions from which he delivered a powerful artillery 
fire on the American troops. Batteries located in the fortified Argonne 
Forest covered his right flank, and crossed their fire with that of the 

163 



I \ \J f 




MAP OF VERDUN SECTOR 

164 



ATTACK BY FIRST AMERICAN ARMY 

guns on the east bank of the Meuse. From the Meuse-Argonne front, 
the perpendicular distance to Sedan was fifty kilometers. 

Nowhere on the western front were the German defenses so formid- 
able as between the Argonne and the Meuse. The net result of the 
four years' struggle on this ground was a German defensive system 
of unusual depth and strength. It was against this bristling mass of 
fortified positions — the first Hindenburg line, the Hagen Stellung, 
Volker Stellung, Kriemhilde Stellung (the real Hindenburg line), and 
the Freya Stellung — that the First American Army attacked. All 
these lines of defense followed the heights, depending on the natural 
strength of the positions on which they were built. The first Hinden- 
burg, Hagen and Kriemhilde lines were the principal defenses; the 
others were local lines. The whole defense system consisted of practi- 
cally a continuous series of positions twenty kilometers or more in 
depth. The Army was to break through this defense zone to include 
the Kriemhilde Stellung, a penetration of fourteen kilometers, on the 
front Brieulles-Romagne-Grand Pre. 

ATTACK BY FIRST AMERICAN ARMY 

The battle of the Meuse-Argonne opened on the morning of Sep- 
tember 26, 1918, after a preliminary artillery preparation of three 
hours. The Fifth German Army, commanded by General Von Mar- 
witz, faced the Americans. West of the Meuse the Germans had five 
divisions and numbered around 60,000 men. A single guard division 
was the only first-rate unit in line at this time. The American Army 
in line facing the Fifth German Army consisted of nine divisions, 
organized as three corps. The American Divisions were at this time at 
least three times as strong as the German Divisions opposing them. 
The position of the American troops at the jump-off from east to west 
was as follows: The 33rd, 80th and 4th Divisions, constituting the 
Third Corps, held the right flank from the left bank of the Meuse to 
Forges Brook, just north of Hill 304. The 79th, 37th and 91st Divi- 
sions, constituting the Fifth Corps, held the center of the line from 
Forges Brook to Vauquois. Finally the 35th, 28th and 77th Divisions, 
constituting the First Corps, held the left flank from Vauquois to La- 
Harazee in the Argonne Forest. Each Corps had one division in 
reserve and three divisions were held as a general reserve for the First 
Army. The axis of the attack was. the line Montfaucon-Romagne- 
Buzancy, the purpose being to make the deepest penetration in the 
center, which, with the Fourth French Army advancing west of the 
Argonne, would force the enemy to evacuate that forest without an 

165 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

attack in that region. The infantry advanced at 5:30 a. m., accom- 
panied by tanks. During the first two days of the attack, and before 
the enemy was able to bring up his reserves, the line made steady 
progress through the net-work of defenses, Montfaucon being captured 
at noon of the second day. It was expected that the three corps would 
break through the first three of the German defense systems and by 
September 27th arrive before the Kriemhilde Line, and there make a 
brief halt, and then push through this last obstacle to Sedan. The 
First Corps was to reach Apremont and Exermont. The Fifth Corps 
was to pass through Montfaucon and arrive at Romagne and Cunel. 
The Third Corps was to cover the flank of the general advance and 
hold the left bank of the Meuse River as the front narrowed, while the 
4th Division of this Corps was to take Brieulles. 

Before September 29th the enemy threw six new divisions into the 
first line, and he developed a powerful machine gun defense supported 
by heavy artillery fire, and made frequent counter-attacks. By this 
time manoeuvre, for the pinching out of a salient, had passed, and the 
American troops were now committed to a direct frontal attack against 
strong positions fully manned by a determined enemy. By night- 
fall of the 29th the American line was approximately Bois de la Cote 
Lemont-Nantillois-Apremont southwest across the Argonne. Many 
divisions, especially those in the center, were subjected to cross-fire of 
artillery and suffered heavily from this cause. 

On September 26, 1918, the 32nd Division received instructions 
to occupy the lines originally held by the Fifth Corps and from which 
it jumped off that morning, and the two Infantry Brigades were placed 
in advantageous positions ; the 126th Infantry Regiment moving up at 
1:00 p. m. from the woods near Brabent to the Bois de Marre about 
two and a half kilometers south of the Village of Avocourt. This 
village, through which ran the foremost French lines, after four years 
of bombardment was virtually flattened to the ground. A road form- 
erly ran from Avocourt across No Man's Land to Malancourt, but 
the violent artillery fire of the previous period of the war had destroyed 
it, and the engineers used the stone from the ruins of Avocourt to re- 
store communication across No Man's Land; the inability of the 
artillery to cross this zone was seriously retarding the general advance, 
but the engineers and pioneers soon made possible the forward move- 
ment of troops, artillery and supplies most needed. On the afternoon 
of September 27th, the 63rd Brigade was ordered to prepare to relieve 
the 37th Division in the line that night, and just as the two regiments 

166 



ENTERING THE MEUSE-ARGONNE BATTLE 

were formed up and ready to move forward the order was counter- 
manded. 

ENTERING THE MEUSE-ARGONNE BATTLE 

During the day on September 29th, part of the regiment assisted 
the 107th Engineers in building and improving roads across No Man's 
Land. In the afternoon advance information was received that the 
Division would relieve the 37th Division in the vicinity of Ivoiry as 
far as possible that night, and later in the day the orders for the 
movement were issued which designated the 63rd Brigade to occupy 
the front line with the 64th Brigade in support. At dusk the regiment 
moved forward ; it was a rainy night and the roads and paths were quag- 
mires of mud, and after marching all night, partly by roads and partly 
across country, the regiment halted at daylight in the northern part 
of Montfaucon Woods. Only one road was available across No Man's 
Land to supply the needs of the divisions of the Fifth Corps, and 
the traffic congestion on this road was the worst the regiment ever 
encountered. On account of the fearful congestion and the bad con- 
dition of the road, the only wheeled transportation of the regiment 
able to get through was the machine gun carts. The ground on either 
side of this road had become virtual swamps from the continual shell- 
ing of the past four years, and made it almost impassable for foot 
soldiers and, in the darkness, it required an hour to travel a kilometer. 
During the day, September 30th, the positions occupied by the troops 
to be relieved were reconnoitered, and at dark the regiment moved up 
into these positions. On this part of the American front the line had 
been advanced to within a kilometer south of Cierges. The 125th 
Infantry went in on the right of the Division sector and the 126th on 
the left. Our regiment relieved the 147th and the 148th Infantry of 
the 37th Division and their front line elements were relieved by the 
2nd Battalion, with Company H on the right, E in the center and G 
Company on the left, with Company F in Battalion support. As thus 
disposed the regimental front line ran approximately through the 
center of the de Emont Woods and into the northern part of the Cierges 
Woods with the right flank extending slightly beyond the eastern edge 
of the Emont Woods. The 3rd Battalion was in support on the north- 
eastern edge of the village of Ivoiry, and the 1st Battalion was in 
reserve in the deep valley two kilometers south of this village. The 
relief of the 37th Division was completed by 10:00 o'clock on the night 
of September 30th, and after the 37th had gone, many of its wounded 
soldiers were picked up by our troops and taken back to first aid 
dressing stations. 

Before dawn, October 1, 1918, the front line companies sent small 

167 




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169 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

patrols forward for the purpose of securing contact with the enemy, 
and by daylight these patrols reached the northern edge of the Emont 
Woods without meeting any resistance, and the front was advanced to 
this new line. The American front still contained three corps, each 
with three divisions in the line. The right of the Fifth Corps sector 
was now held by the 3rd Division, which had relieved the 79th on the 
night of September 30th. The general axis for the advance of the 
First Army was slightly northwest, and the Fifth Corps was to form 
the wedge of the attack which was to drive the enemy out of his 
defensive positions in this sector, the strongest on the western front. 
The first phase of the great American offensive had spent itself with- 
out reaching its first objective and with the enemy's strongest defensive 
positions still unconquered. The German was fully alive to the gravity 
of his situation and poured in a continual stream of fresh troops which 
were hastily withdrawn from the British and French fronts farther to 
the west and north, and for the next twenty days there ensued a most 
bitter and gruelling conflict. The territory to the front, as seen from 
our advance line, presented a terrain with obstacles so formidable that 
the surmounting of them seemed almost impossible. Six hundred yards 
to the north of our right flank was the village of Cierges, from it a 
road ran in a north by northwesterly direction, skirting the western 
slope of open and low hills, to the town of Romagne, which lay about 
five kilometers due north of our front line. On our left another road, 
called the center road, ran due north to Romagne. About two kilo- 
meters to the northwest lay the little village of Gesnes, and a third 
road ran from this place northeasterly to Romagne. A sunken road 
ran southwesterly from Cierges to the La Grange Farm on the center 
road. A kilometer to the north from here another cross-road ran west 
from the center road to Gesnes. The country between these three 
north and south roads was open and rolling and crossed by several low 
ridges, the highest being Hills 239 and 235, which were about 200 yards 
to the left of the center road and north 500 and 1,000 yards, respec- 
tively, of the Gesnes cross-road. A mile west of Gesnes were the small 
woods De la Morine and due Chene Sec. A kilometer northwest of 
Gesnes was Hill 255, and a little farther to the northeast of this hill 
was Hill 243. The Gesnes-Romagne road crossed Hill 242, about mid- 
way between these towns, and north and west of this road where it 
crossed the hill, was the Bois de Valoup. A kilometer to the west of 
Hill 242 was Hill 258, which was the beginning of a high ridge which 
extended two kilometers in a northwesterly direction. This ridge was 
over a 100 feet above the highest point on this part of the front and 
was heavily wooded. Along its top rose four humps, known from 

170 



ENTERING THE MEUSE-ARGONNE BATTLE 

right to left as Hills 258, 287 or Cote Dame Marie, 286 and 288. The 
southern slope of this ridge was almost perpendicular for 50 feet from 
its top, and this ridge was the center around which the enemy's resist- 
ance between the Meuse and Argonne was constructed. Along its crest 
ran the Germans' last defensive trench system, amply protected by 
barbed wire entanglement. This trench system continued eastward 
along the heights to the southern outskirts of Romagne and Cunel. 
From these different hills, crowned with woods, the enemy had almost 
perfect observation as far south as Montfaucon. All the forests and 
hills combined to supply exactly the requirements of machine gun war- 
fare and the German defense rested beyond all else upon this weapon. 
It required nearly twenty days to wrest this territory from the Ger- 
mans, and the supreme praise earned by the troops of the Division was 
in surmounting these machine gun obstacles and enduring terrific losses. 

During the morning of October 1st, the regiment was severely 
shelled by the enemy, the shelling including a considerable number of 
gas shells which necessitated wearing gas masks. Through recon- 
naissance carried out during the forenoon it was found that the ground 
in the immediate front of the Division sector had been evacuated by 
the Germans ; during the afternoon a few men at a time filtered forward 
from shell hole to shell hole and advanced the right of our line to 
the sunken road trail running southwest from Cierges to south of the 
La Grange Farm. The enemy had direct observation upon the move- 
ments of our men as they advanced and poured a withering artillery 
fire among them, which forced E Company to fall back to the woods 
until dark, when it moved forward to its position in the new line. 
Two small combat patrols from Company G reconnoitered the La 
Grange Farm and found it occupied by the enemy. The casualties 
during the day were mostly caused by the enemy artillery and con- 
sisted of 10 enlisted men killed and 97 wounded as follows: Company 
E, 1 man killed and 33 wounded; Company F, 2 men killed and 13 
wounded; Company G, 3 men killed and 22 wounded; Company H, 2 
men killed and 20 wounded; Company I, 1 man killed; Company L, 
1 man killed and 5 wounded; Company M, 2 men wounded, and Head- 
quarters Company, 1 man wounded. 

The following day, October 2nd, the line was organized for defense 
and gains of the previous day consolidated. Small patrols and out- 
posts were sent forward and close contact with the enemy maintained. 
Early in the morning and again in the evening the Germans delivered 
a heavy artillery fire on our lines, which extended as far back as the 
regimental reserve positions, and between these bursts of hate, our lines 
were subjected to a constant harassing artillery fire. This fire 

171 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 




t'::' i' . . £-- ~ 



Ivoiry, Meuse, France. October 10th. Little village situated between Epinonville and Mont- 
faucon still in fair condition after four years of bombardment. Montfaucon can be seen in the 
left background. 




German prisoners captured by troops of 63rd Brigade. Near Montfaucon, October 10, 1918. 

172 



ENTERING THE MEUSE-ARGONNE BATTLE 

appeared to be due to nervousness on the part of the enemy and in 
anticipation of a renewal of the American attack; it was intended to 
have a demoralizing effect upon our troops, but the Second Battle of 
the Marne and the battle near Juvigny had made veterans of the 
men who survived those conflicts, and this harassing fire had little 
effect upon them. However, more than half the men had joined the 
regiment after those battles and were now under fire for the first time 
and it was very trying to them. Many of our new men had hardly 
any previous training in modern warfare and as they took their places 
in the line alongside of the older and experienced soldiers, they stood 
the ordeal splendidly and soon acquired that confidence which made 
them veterans within a very short time. Late in the afternoon enemy 
aircraft flew over our positions and fired with machine guns upon the 
troops in the reserve positions, killing a private of the Machine Gun 
Company. On the night of October 2nd-3rd, the 2nd Battalion was 
relieved in the front line by the 1st Battalion, the relief being com- 
pleted by 1:00 a. m. and the 2nd Battalion moved back to the reserve 
position in the valley south of Ivoiry. The Machine Gun Company 
was attached to the 1st Battalion and went into the line with this 
battalion. Company D, on the. right of the regimental sector was in 
position along the sunken road west of Cierges and between this town 
and the La Grange Farm, and Company C was on the left and in the 
northern edge of the Bois Communal de Cierges west of the center 
road. Company B on the left and Company A on the right, were in 
battalion support along the northern edge of the Emont Woods. One 
platoon of the Machine Gun Company was attached to each supporting 
company. The casualties for the day were 11 enlisted men killed, and 
1 officer and 18 men wounded, as follows: Company F, 3 men killed 
and 2 men wounded; Company G, 2 men killed and 1 officer and 10 
men wounded; Company H, 1 man wounded; Company I, 1 man killed; 
Companies L and M, each 1 man wounded; Machine Gun Company, 1 
man killed, and Headquarters Company, 4 men killed and 3 men 
wounded. 

Several days had passed since the last American attack, and the 
Germans took no chances and were constantly on the alert for its 
renewal, and engaged in considerable artillery activity in the early 
morning hours. Between 3:30 to 5:00 a. m., October 3rd, our lines 
were heavily shelled by the enemy, including the reserve positions. A 
number of the shells were of large caliber and gas shells, and also many 
duds. Considerable aerial activity, both our own and by the enemy, 
occurred during the morning. Instructions were received to prepare 
the positions held for a resumption of the offensive, and our patrols 

173 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

and outposts pushed as far forward as possible, where our line was 
established and from which an attack was made the following morning. 
During the day a platoon of Company A moved forward from the 
northwest corner of the Emont Woods to take the La Grange Farm, 
but found it strongly held by the enemy and was unable to take it. 
During the night of October 3rd-4th, the Corps front was readjusted, 
the 3rd and 32nd Divisions taking over the entire Corps sector. The 
125th Infantry was withdrawn to a position in reserve, being relieved 
by the 7th Infantry of the 3rd Division. The 127th Infantry of the 
64th Brigade relieved the 91st Division on our left. The left boundary 
of the Divisional sector became the left boundary of the Corps; the 
right boundary of the Division sector being a line extending from a 
point just west of Cierges, northwest to and including Romagne. Dur- 
ing this same night the 3rd Battalion, 126th Infantry, less Company 
K, which was on duty at the Corps ammunition dump, moved up on 
the left of the 1st Battalion to fill the gap caused by the readjustment 
of the front, and was disposed in depth with Company I in the first 
line in the northern edge of the Communal de Cierges Woods. Com- 
pany L was in support and Company M in battalion reserve. The 2nd 
Battalion moved up to the support position near Ivoiry. As a result 
of this readjustment, the two brigades of the Division were side by 
side, with one regiment in the front line, each regiment having two 
battalions in the line and one in support. As thus extended to the left, 
the Division sector was about five kilometers wide. The right of the 
line held by the regiment on the night of October 3rd, was on the cross 
road and about 500 yards west of Cierges, and the left was at the north- 
ern edge of the Bois Communal de Cierges. This line from right to left 
was held by Companies D, C and I. 

The casualties on this day were 2 men killed and 42 men wounded, 
as follows: Company A, 8 men wounded; Companies B and I, each 
1 man wounded; Companies C, H and L, each 2 men wounded; Com- 
pany D, 1 man killed and 5 men wounded; Company G, 3 men 
wounded; Company M, 1 man killed and 12 men wounded, and Machine 
Gun Company, 6 men wounded and 2 men taken prisoners. 

SECOND PHASE— ATTACK OF OCTOBER 4th 
On the morning of October 4th, the second phase of the American 
offensive began by a general attack along the entire line, with veteran 
divisions, the 3rd and 32nd Divisions of the 5th Corps, and the 1st 
Division of the 1st Corps, which was on the left of the 32nd, holding 
the center and the 42nd in support. Following his practice of the 
previous days, the German began shelling our positions about 2:00 

174 



ATTACK OF OCTOBER 4th 

a. m. and kept it up until 4:00 a. m. A large concentration of gas was 
put into the Woods de Emont and Communal de Cierges, which were 
occupied by our supporting troops, and they were required to use gas 
masks the greater part of the night, as well as to do some shifting of 
positions in order to escape the terrific shelling, which was causing 
many casualties. A brief artillery preparation preceded the attack 
and at 5:25 the front line companies advanced behind an artillery 
barrage in a northwesterly direction with the Hill 255 the objective 
for the 3rd Battalion, and Hill 239 the objective for the 1st Battalion. 
The mission for the Division was the capture of Gesnes and the heights 
west of Romagne, and to assist the 1st Division to capture the Bois 
de Money. Our barrage was the signal for the Boche to let loose all 
the artillery he had on our front and rear echelons, and as our troops 
came out into the open they were exposed to a terrific fire from machine 
guns and minnenwerfers, but in spite of this, the heaviest resistance 
the regiment had met up to this time, the front line slowly forged ahead 
behind the barrage, taking advantage of such cover as could be found. 
The Germans had some of their best divisions in the line and their 
resistance was desperate in the extreme. Enemy machine guns and 
minnenwerfers fired upon our advancing lines from Hill 239, directly 
in our front, and Hill 255, which was on our left, and the many 
patches of woods between these two hills, and also from the town of 
Gesnes. Tanks assisted materially in this advance, passing through 
our lines on several occassions and reducing machine gun nests, which 
were hindering our progress. Company D advanced as far as the 
southern slope of Hill 239 twice and each time was forced to fall back. 
The enemy was too strongly entrenched and the hill was not taken, 
and the Company came back and established a line on the Gesnes 
cross-road. Company C reached this same cross-road and was to the 
left of Company D, and a little later Companies A and B moved up to 
the road and filled in the gap between C and D. Company L on the 
right and Company I on the left, had reached this same cross-road, 
the left of Company I being near the eastern outskirts of Gesnes. In 
the meantime the 2nd Battalion had moved up to a position about a 
kilometer in rear of the 1st Battalion, which it was supporting. M 
Company, in support of I and L, was in position near the center road 
and 200 yards north of the La Grange Farm. No further attack was 
made on this day and the Companies dug in and organized and con- 
solidated their new positions. There was a great deal of aerial activity 
during the day, with the enemy outnumbering our own. The enemy 
planes swooped down on our troops and attacked them with machine 
gun fire and also regulated the fire of their artillery. Many aerial 

175 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

combats took place during the day and one of our planes fell within 
our lines and three enemy planes were brought down, two of them by 
machine gun fire and one by anti-aircraft guns. The enemy artillery 
fire during the day and night was almost constant, and it was evident 
that he did not intend to withdraw his lines just yet. In the afternoon 
the 2nd Battalion with Companies F and H in the first wave and E and 
G in support, advanced through the right of the 1st Battalion and took 
over a part of the front line to fill a gap. By the end of the day the 
line was advanced on an average of a kilometer on the regimental front. 
While this gain was small, yet it was a very material one in the face 
of the strong opposition met with, and crowded the enemy just that 
much nearer to his last line of defensive works, the Kriemhilde S'tel- 
lung. The gain made by the regiment since it entered the front line 
in this sector was approximately two kilometers. 

The casualties on this day was one officer, 2nd Lieut, Charles R. 
Wilber, Company B, and 31 enlisted men killed, and 7 officers and 166 
men wounded, as follows: Company A, 3 men killed and 4 officers 
and 14 men wounded; Company B, 1 officer and 3 men killed, and 16 
men wounded; Company C, 1 man killed and 18 men wounded; Com- 
pany D, 9 men killed and 29 men wounded; Company E, 3 men killed 
and 11 men wounded; Company F, 3 men killed and 6 men wounded; 
Company G, 1 officer and 8 men wounded; Company H, 8 men 
wounded; Company I, 1 man killed and 1 officer and 18 men wounded; 
Company L, 11 men wounded; Company M, 6 men killed and 1 officer 
and 17 men wounded; Machine Gun Company, 5 men wounded, and 
Headquarters Company, 2 men killed and 5 men wounded. Total 
casualties, 205. 

During the night of October 4th, orders were received for a con- 
tinuation of the attack the following morning. The orders directed 
that the attack be pushed with all possible vigor and continued to 
the limit of endurance. The 127th Infantry, on our left, was to capture 
the Woods De la Morine and Du Chene Sec, while the 3rd Battalion 
of our regiment was to attack Hill 255, and the 1st and 2nd Battalions 
were to take Hills 235 and 240 and the five intervening small patches 
of woods. The attack was renewed at 6:30 the next morning, October 
5th. Preceded by a rolling barrage the front line companies jumped 
out of their holes and began to advance upon their respective objec- 
tives. The right of our line moved toward Hill 235, which was strongly 
held by both machine guns and artillery, and the line advanced through 
a hail of machine gun bullets and shells. When the advance wave 
reached the crest of Hill 239, it was exposed to the enemy on Hill 235, 
and in the small patches of woods to the left, who opened a fire that 

176 



ATTACK OF OCTOBER 4th 

cut the grass along the crest and it was forced to halt and dig in. In 
the center, the companies of the 1st Battalion jumped off from the 
Gesnes cross-road in a northerly direction, but this attack was 
repulsed and the first line fell back to the cross-road. In the afternoon 
the attack was renewed and, with the aid of tanks which had arrived 
in the meantime, Companies D and C advanced the front line to the 
unimproved road running east of the Gesnes-Romagne road and about 
400 yards north of the Gesnes cross-road. This unimproved road fol- 
lowed a slight ravine and D Company was along the road in front of 
the little L-shaped patch of woods and C Company was along the road 
and to the left. The Germans were along the north side of the road 
and in these woods, which was mostly small brush ; here the two oppos- 
ing lines were so close that hand grenades were freely used by both 
sides throughout the night. On the left of the line the 3rd Battalion, 
assisted by two sections of the Machine Gun Company on either flank, 
attacked northwesterly along the eastern edge of Gesnes village, but 
this attack was also repulsed. Later in the day the machine guns 
were placed along the edge of the woods near the southeastern out- 
skirts of Gesnes and the attack was renewed and this time it was suc- 
cessful, the first line of the 3rd Battalion reaching the Gesnes- 
Romagne road and taking position behind its western bank, about 300 
yards north of Gesnes, after passing through a terrific fire from 
machine guns and minnenwerfers located in the small U-shaped woods 
northwest of Gesnes and on Hills 255 and 243, and shell fire from the 
heights farther to the rear. 

Up to this time the fighting in this sector was most desperate, the 
enemy fighting back fiercely and tenaciously, holding to every little 
knoll and every little patch of woods; he was contesting every foot 
of ground and the going was most difficult and slow, and we had to 
count our gains in yards instead of kilometers. The advance of Com- 
pany I was greatly assisted by the individual efforts of Corporal 
Clarence L. Hinkle, of that company, who led his squad 200 yards 
ahead of the front line, and finding his squad in an exposed position 
and unable to advance farther on account of machine gun nests, alone 
crawled ahead another 100 yards and "sniped" the Boche machine gun- 
ners one at a time until he bagged the whole six. It was just such 
acts as this by many individual soldiers in the regiment that made 
progress possible against the Huns in this sector, who were all the 
time becoming more numerous and fighting in defense of the famous 
"Kriemhilde Stellung" as they had never fought before. The Germans 
were continually throwing additional troops in the line and if they did 
not outnumber our troops, they at least had as many troops in line as 

177 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

we did. They had orders to hold this part of the front at all costs, as 
its loss would mean the cutting of the main Carrignan-Sedan-Mezieres 
Railway line and force the collapse of the German Army. 

During these memorable days the enemy planes were exceedingly 
active and bold, taking observations or signalling their artillery or 
machine gunning our troops. When they became too daring, Private 
Noel S. Vance, Machine Gun Company, set up his machine gun in 
the open field for anti-aircraft firing, and time after time, his accurate 
fire drove them off. Several days later, a particularly daring pilot flew 
low and into the machine gun fire from Private Vance's gun, and 
escaping unhurt, signalled to the German artillery gunners and in a 
few minutes shells began falling about him and a direct hit scattered 
Vance and his gun. Private 1st Class Maurice J. Bush, Company B, 
lost his life by a sniper's bullet on this day, while trying to save a 
wounded comrade who was out in No Man's Land, helpless and exposed 
to enemy machine gun fire. 

The day's operations scarcely averaged a gain of 500 yards, but 
it was that much nearer to the last goal, which was a bare two kilo- 
meters away. The front line ran approximately from Hill 239 on the 
right, to the Gesnes-Romagne road about 300 yards north of Gesnes, 
from where it ran southwesterly around the south of the town, which 
was still held by the enemy, although the town had been taken by our 
troops during the day and then evacuated when the enemy deluged 
it with high explosive shells. The casualties on October 5th were 1 
officer, Captain John F. Girard, commanding Company D, and 45 
enlisted men killed, and 3 officers and 164 men wounded, as follows: 
Company A, 5 men killed and 21 wounded; Company B, 4 men killed 
and 9 men wounded; Company C, 14 men killed and 1 officer and 27 
men wounded; Company D, 1 officer and 4 men killed and 17 men 
wounded; Company E, 6 men wounded; Company F, 11 men wounded; 
Company G, 7 men killed and 17 men wounded; Company H, 2 men 
killed and 18 men wounded; Company I, 6 men killed and 19 men 
wounded; Company L, 1 man killed and 10 men wounded; Company 
M, 5 men wounded; Machine Gun Company, 1 man killed and 2 
officers wounded; Headquarters Company, 1 man killed and 2 men 
wounded, and Sanitary Detachment, 2 men wounded. Total casual- 
ties, 213. 

After being in the front continuously for five days the regiment 
was relieved by the 125th Infantry, about midnight, October 5th, and 
withdrew to a position in support of that regiment. The 1st Battalion 
moved into the Emont Woods, the 3rd Battalion to its former position 
at Ivoiry, and the 2nd Battalion moved back to the valley two kilo- 

178 



SECTOR SHIFTED 

meters south of Ivoiry. The normal Regimental P. C. was located in 
the valley as were also the company kitchens and the Supply Company, 
while the advance Regimental P. C. was at Ivoiry. The Machine Gun 
Company remained in line in support of a battalion of the 125th 
Infantry. During the next two days there was no activity by the 
regiment, however, there was spasmodic enemy shelling of our lines. 
The nights were cool and the weather was rainy. During the 6th and 
7th of October no advance was undertaken in the Division sector, but 
close contact with the enemy was maintained by constant patrolling, 
and the positions held were consolidated and organized for further 
attack. During these two days the 125th Infantry made strong efforts 
to capture the "U"-shaped woods northwest of Gesnes and the five 
small patches of woods northeast of this village. After considerable 
effort most of these organized enemy strong points were taken so that 
on the night of October 7th, the front line of the 125th Infantry 
extended due west from the center road near Hill 235, to the northern 
edge of the "U"-shaped woods northwest of Gesnes, the line passing 
just south of the two northern patches of woods. 

On the night of October 7th, another shift was made in the sector 
front, the 32nd Division taking over the sector extending from the 
western edge of the Bois de Beuge, on the right, to Hill 255 on the left. 
One brigade of the 91st Division was temporarily attached to the 32nd, 
and the 361st Infantry relieved the 64th Infantry Brigade on the front, 
from Hill 255 (inclusive) to the western boundary of the Divisional 
sector. The 64th Brigade, upon relief, moved to a position in Division 
reserve in the Woods Communal de Cierges and de Baulny. The 126th 
Infantry moved to the right of the sector to relieve the 7th Infantry 
of the 3rd Division which, owing to the readjustment, remained in our 
sector. Upon arriving to make the relief it was found that the 38th 
Infantry had made the relief through a misunderstanding in their own 
orders, and the 126th returned to its former bivouac near Ivoiry. On 
the following night, October 8th, the regiment relieved the elements 
of the 3rd Division, which remained within our new sector, the regi- 
mental front extending from the right of the 125th Infantry near Hill 
235 east, to 400 yards east of the Cierges-Romagne road. The 2nd Bat- 
talion with Company E on the right and Company G on the left as 
the front line, held the right of the Regimental sector, while Companies 
F and H were in battalion support. The 3rd Battalion held the left 
sector, with Company L on the right and Company M on the left, in 
the front line, and Company I in battalion support. The 1st Battalion 
took up a position in support in the vicinity of Cierges. The night of 
October 8th-9th was a dark and chilly night ?nd the ground was 

179 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

covered with frost ; the cold was such that no rest was obtained during 
the night. 

The night of October 8th ended the second phase of the American 
Offensive, which began on October 4th, as related to the action by the 
32nd Division, and the third phase began on the morning of the 9th. 
The casualties suffered by the regiment on October 6th to 8th inclusive, 
were 1 officer, 1st Lieutenant Iden E. Chatterton, 2nd Battalion Scout 
Officer, and 6 enlisted men killed, and 30 men wounded, as follows: 
October 6th, Companies A and M, each 1 man wounded; Company 
B, 1 man killed; Company D, 5 men wounded; Company G, 3 men 
wounded; Company H, 1 officer (Lieut. Chatterton) killed, and 3 men 
wounded; Company I, 1 man killed and 6 men wounded; Company L, 
3 men killed; and Headquarters Company, 7 men wounded. October 
8th, Company E, 1 man wounded; Company H, 1 man wounded; Com^ 
pany M, 2 men wounded; and Headquarters Company, 1 man killed. 
Total casualties, 37. 

ATTACK OF OCTOBER 9th 
In compliance with Field Orders No. 75, 32nd Division, prepara- 
tions for an attack on the morning of October 9th were made. The 
Division was to capture the Bois de Valoup, Trench de Dantrise, and 
the portion of the Trench de la Mamelle within the Division sector, and 
to seize and hold the heights north and west of Romagne by envelop- 
ment from the east and southeast. The 361st Infantry was to attack 
Hill 255 in conjunction with the Division. The artillery preparation 
for the attack began at 1:30 p. m., October 8th, and continued until 
the attack was launched at 8:30 a. m., October 9, 1918. The 1st Divi- 
sion was assigned to the 5th Corps and was on the left of the 32nd. 
The 42nd Division was also assigned to the 5th Corps and was desig- 
nated as Corps reserve. Field Order No. 64, 5th Corps, was the Corps 
order for the attack and the 3rd, 32nd and 1st Divisions were to attack 
simultaneously in a final effort to drive through the Kriemhilde 
Stellung. 

OVER THE TOP IN THE FOG 
When dawn arrived on the morning of October 9th, a heavy fog 
prevailed and visibility was limited to a few feet ; this was in our favor 
and when the first waves advanced at 8:30 a. m. behind a rolling bar- 
rage, the fog had lifted but slightly and objects beyond 25 yards were 
not visible, especially in the low places. The axis of the advance for 
the 126th was slightly northwest and the objective of the 3rd Battalion 
was the trenches south of Romagne from the Cierges-Romagne road 

180 



OVER THE TOP" 







Supporting troops advancing in open formation. Near Cierges (Meuse-Argonne 
Offensive), October 14. 




Supporting troops in position in second line. Near Cierges (Meuse-Argonne 
Offensive), October 14. 







Soldiers of 32nd Division asleep on improvised hammocks suspended across shell-holes to 
rest and avoid the mud. October 18-, 1918. 

181 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

to the left where the trenches intersected the Gesnes-Romagne road; 
the objective for the 2nd Battalion was the Mamelle trench to the east 
of the Cierges-Romagne road. The poor visibility that prevailed made 
it difficult to follow the barrage, as the point where our shells hit the 
ground in front of our advance could not be seen, and the forward 
movement had to be guided by the sound of the exploding shells. The 
fog also made it difficult to follow the general direction of the advance. 
While the enemy could not see, he soon realized that something was 
going on as our artillery barrage crept closer to his lines, and the 
advancing waves did not proceed so very far before they encountered 
machine gun fire; fortunately, the enemy's aim was not as accurate as 
it would have been with better visibility. The forward movement pro- 
ceeded slowly, following the barrage as closely as possible under the 
conditions, and as the minutes wore on the fog began to lift. After 
advancing a kilometer in this manner and capturing many prisoners, 
the fog had lifted sufficiently to permit visibility several hundred yards 
and the line was forced to halt on account of enemy machine gun nests 
in advanced positions in front of their trenches. Company M on the 
left of the 3rd Battalion had crossed to the left side of the center road, 
with L Company on the right of the road ; Company I had moved into 
the front line on the right of Company L. Companies G and E were 
in line on the right of the Cierges-Romagne road, creating a gap 
between the two battalions. In the fog, Company F, which was the 
right supporting company, lost direction and moved to the right and 
into the 3rd Division sector. After advancing about a kilometer this 
company ran into the wire entanglement of a Boche trench system 
located on the hill, about a kilometer southwest of the Bois de Cunel. 
They reached the trenches occupied by enemy troops without either see- 
ing the other, but as soon as their presence was discovered the Boche 
fired upon our troops at close range and 2nd Lieutenant Erk M. Cot- 
trell, who was commanding the company, and several men were killed 
in the action that followed before cover could be taken. 

The center road leading to Romagne slopes gradually downward 
for the last mile south of the town, following a natural ravine, and the 
ground on either side of the road and the town slopes upward. This 
ravine was exposed to fire from the whole length of the enemy trenches 
within the Regimental sector, as well as from the high ground on either 
side and to the north which commanded it. This ravine lay directly 
in the course of the 3rd Battalion, while the course followed by the 2nd 
Battalion lay along the western slopes of the hills, east of the Cierges- 
Romagne road, and both battalions were exposed to a sweeping machine 
gun fire from the nests, which infested the hills on all sides. The Divi- 

182 



ARRIVAL AT GERMANS' LAST DEFENSE LINE 

sion on our right failed to keep abreast of our advance, thus permitting 
the enemy to rake our troops with machine gun and artillery fire from 
that side. After some delay a further advance toward the enemy 
trenches was attempted. The ground in front of our troops was open 
and clear and when the advance wave of the 2nd Battalion, which was 
without the aid of tanks, reached the crest on the western slope of the 
hill on its front, it was met by fire from the Mamelle trench located on 
the southern crest of the ridge opposite them; the two ridges were 
separated by a valley a kilometer wide and extending in a westerly 
direction. This valley was swept by machine gun and artillery fire 
from the Bois de Cunel and was impassable, so the companies dug in 
on the western slope of the hill, while the Battalion P. C. was estab- 
lished in the draw some 800 yards north of Cierges. 

ARRIVAL AT ENEMY WIRE 

On the front of the 3rd Battalion, machine gun nests in the ravine 
were holding up its advance. When I Company's commanding officer 
was wounded, 1st Sergeant William Sack, assumed command and he 
and Sergeant Archie M. Zavitz of the same company, crawled forward 
a hundred yards and fired rifle grenades into the enemy machine gun 
nests and cleared the front of these obstacles, after which the company 
moved forward with the other two companies who were aided by 
French tanks. Company M advanced to within 100 yards of the enemy 
trenches on the left of the center road, while Company L was slightly 
to the rear and straddle of the road, with Company I in line to the 
right. The 3rd Battalion was now in a precarious position, receiving 
a deadly fire from all directions and further penetration at this point 
was impossible without further artillery preparation, and the com- 
panies withdrew to covering positions a half-kilometer back and to 
the left of the center road. 

The 3rd Battalion of the 125th Infantry, which was on the left of 
the Divisional sector, advanced northerly from Gesnes until it reached 
the Bois de Valoup, then sweeping through these woods in a north- 
westerly direction, surprised and captured over 200 prisoners in the 
fog, and then continued on to Hill 258, on the southeastern end of the 
La Cote Dame Marie ridge. At this point there appeared to be a gap 
in the enemy wire, and it was at first thought that the enemy's wire had 
been penetrated and that the Hill 287 (Cote Dame Marie) was occu- 
pied by our troops, and not until the fog lifted was the Battalion able 
to orient itself and determine its correct position, which was found to 
be in front of the gap in the wire. This Battalion reached its objective 
within an hour after it jumped off. The troops on its left did not 

183 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

advance and were still a kilometer and a half to the rear, and neither 
did the battalion of the 125th Infantry on its right keep up with the 
advance so that this battalion was in danger of being surrounded. 
Both this battalion and the 3rd Battalion of our regiment were in 
advance of the line with no troops on the right or left of them. Our 
1st Battalion was ordered to fill the gap on the right of the 3rd Bat- 
talion and towards evening moved up from its position in support and 
extended the line to the right from the center road to east of the 
Cierges-Romagne road. About the same time a battalion of the 125th 
Infantry was pushed up into the Valoup Woods and filled the gap on 
our left. 

Thus at the end of the day the two regiments of the 63rd Brigade 
were in line side by side, and within striking distance of the Germans' 
last and strongest organized defensive position in this region, the 
famous Kriemhilde Stellung and the town of Romagne, memorable 
hereafter as the site of the great national cemetery, where nearly 
23,000 American troops, fallen in the Meuse-Argonne struggle, are now 
buried. The ground gained in this attack approximated nearly two 
kilometers on the Regimental sector. Second Lieutenant Donald M. 
Fielding, Company G, received wounds during this attack from which 
he died a few hours later. The casualties for the day were 2 officers 
and 64 enlisted men killed, and 9 officers and 140 men wounded, as 
follows: Company A, 1 man killed and 2 officers and 7 men wounded; 
Company B, 3 men wounded; Company C, 1 man killed and 9 men 
wounded; Company D, 1 officer and 9 men wounded; Company E, 7 
men killed and 2 officers and 29 men wounded; Company F, 1 officer 
and 10 men killed and 7 men wounded; Company G, 1 officer and 5 
men killed and 1 officer and 12 men wounded; Company H, 7 men 
killed and 1 officer and 21 men wounded; Company I, 19 men killed 
and 20 men wounded; Company L, 6 men killed and 1 officer and 9 
men wounded; Company M, 4 men killed and 6 men wounded; Machine 
Gun Company, 1 man killed and 1 officer and 5 men wounded; Head- 
quarters Company, 3 men killed, and Sanitary Detachment, 3 men 
wounded. Total casualties, 215. 

During the day and night of October 9th, the enemy continually 
harassed our troops with shells of all calibers and gas shells; many of 
the heavy caliber shells came from the heights east of the Meuse River, 
from which positions the Germans delivered an enfilading artillery fire 
on our troops. This hostile artillery fire continued throughout the day 
on October 10th. The morning of the 10th found all three battalions 
of the regiment in the front line, and in compliance with Field Orders 
No. 77, 32nd Division, preparations were made to continue the advance. 

184 



REGIMENT RELIEVED 

The artillery preparation started at 7 o'clock in the morning, but at the 
time the attack was to be launched, namely at 2:00 p. m., no artillery 
support was received and the troops attempted to advance without the 
barrage. The attack was carried out by the 1st and 3rd Battalions 
with the utmost vigor, but the enemy, with all the advantage on his 
side, fought desperately and the pop-pop-pop of his machine guns was 
furious and continuous, and after several unsuccessful attempts to 
pierce the barbed wire and trenches, the attack was abandoned and 
the troops stabilized in practically the same positions from which 
the attack started. During the 9th and 10th of October, about 200 
prisoners were captured by the regiment. While reconnoitering the 
enemy wire and trenches south of Romagne on the night of October 
10th, 1st Lieutenant Harold J. King, Company F, and 1st Battalion 
Scout Officer, was instantly killed by a machine gun bullet which 
struck him in the head. The casualties on October 10th were 1 officer 
and 26 enlisted men killed, and 1 officer and 100 men wounded, as 
follows: Company A, 3 men killed and 9 men wounded; Company B, 

3 men wounded; Company C, 4 men killed and 1 officer and 17 men 
wounded; Company D, 14 men wounded; Company E, 1 man wounded; 
Company F, 3 men wounded; Company G, 2 men killed and 10 men 
wounded; Company H, 4 men wounded; Company I, 2 men killed and 
13 men wounded; Company L, 3 men killed and 4 men wounded; Com- 
pany M, 9 men killed and 11 men wounded; Machine Gun Company, 

4 men wounded; Headquarters Company, 2 men killed and 3 men 
wounded, and Sanitary Detachment, 1 man killed and 4 men wounded. 
Total casualties, 128. 

REGIMENT RELIEVED 

No attack was made during the day of October 11th, and except 
for activity by small patrols and snipers, and constant shelling of our 
lines by the enemy, the situation along our front remained quiet. The 
famous Kriemhilde Stellung was found to be naturally a very strong 
defensive position, and further preparation was necessary before it 
could be successfully attacked and penetrated. About midnight, 
October llth-12th, the regiment was relieved by the 128th Infantry 
of our Division and moved back in Division support, the 1st and 2nd 
Battalions in the Emont Woods and the 3rd Battalion at Ivoiry. Dur- 
ing this same night the 181st Brigade of the 91st Division was relieved 
by the 127th Infantry of our Division, by extending the Divisional 
sector limit to the left, thus placing three regiments of the 32nd Divi- 
sion in line. On this same night the 42nd Division relieved the 1st 
Division on our left. 

The casualties during October 11th were 5 men killed and 3 

185 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

officers and 24 men wounded, as follows : Company A, 1 man wounded ; 
Company B, 1 man killed; Company C, 1 man killed and 3 men 
wounded; Company D, 1 man killed and 1 man wounded; Company 
G, 3 men wounded; Company H, 1 man killed and 1 man wounded; 
Company I, 1 man killed and 1 officer and 3 men wounded; Company 
L, 1 officer and 3 men wounded; Company M, 1 officer wounded; 
Machine Gun Company, 7 men wounded, and Headquarters Company, 
2 men wounded. Total casualties, 32. 

On the night of October 12th, the 125th Infantry was relieved by 
the 127th Infantry, the latter regiment being relieved by elements of 
the 42nd Division, the 125th moving back to the Bois Communal de 
Cierges. On our right the 3rd Division was relieved by the 5th Divi- 
sion, so that on the morning of October 13th the Divisions in line from 
right to left in the 5th Corps sector, which held the center of the 
American front, was the 5th, 32nd and 42nd. There was no infantry 
action on our Divisional front on the 12th and 13th of October, opera- 
tions being confined to organizing positions and making preparations 
for a further advance. 

iSome casualties were sustained during October 12th by enemy 
shell-fire. Second Lieutenant Wendall A. Lindberg, Company H, was 
killed by a shell fragment. The other casualties were Companies B, 
D, and Sanitary Detachment, each 1 man wounded, and Company G, 
1 man killed. Total, 5. 

ATTACK OF OCTOBER 14th 
October 13th orders were received again changing the sector limits 
of the Division front to the left. In order to cover properly the new 
sector front the regiment was once more placed in the line between the 
127th and 128th Infantry. When the regiment was relieved it was 
thought it would have a substantial rest, for after eleven long days of 
almost continuous front line duty, taking a most fearful punishment 
from the Boche all the while, with a snatch of sleep now and then in 
muddy "fox holes," on one meal a night, the officers and men of the 
front line were worn out and fatigued to a state of near exhaustion; 
while their nerves were at such a tension that they were in no condition 
for another tussle with the enemy for some time. The strain had sent 
many officers and men to the hospitals and the ranks of the regiment 
had been depleted to less than half its strength when it first went into 
the line. This was a bitter disappointment to the regiment, for after 
but one night out of the front line, orders were received to return to 
the front on the night of October 13th-14th. This news surely tried 
the hearts of the men, but none faltered and when the time came to 

186 



PIERCING THE KRIEMHILDE STELLUNG 

attack they fought with such a grim determination that before the 
day was out they had accomplished the difficult task assigned to the 
32nd Division in this sector. The regiment moved up during the night 
of the 13th and took over the right half of the 127th Infantry's sector, 
with one battalion in the front line, and the others echeloned in depth. 
The 127th adopted a similar formation. 

The 3rd Battalion of the 126th was the attacking unit, with Com- 
panies I, L and K, from left to right, in the front line, the left of 
which was a few yards south of where the unimproved road crosses 
the ridge 100 yards north of Hill 258, and extended northeasterly 400 
yards in front of the enemy wire and parallel with the road, which 
ran between the Trench de Dantrise and the enemy wire. Company 
M was in battalion support about 100 yards south of the crest of Hill 
258. The 2nd Battalion was in Regimental support near the junction of 
the Gesnes-Romagne road and trail leading northwest to the Transvaal 
Farm, and the 1st Battalion was in reserve just north of Gesnes. The 
128th Infantry, with two battalions in line, extended the front to the 
right as far as Romagne. The H hour for the attack was 5:30 a. m., 
October 14, 1918, and the 5th Division on the right, and the 42nd on 
the left, were to attack simultaneously with the 32nd Division. 

OVER THE TOP AGAIN IN THE THIRD GENERAL ATTACK 
PIERCING THE KRIEMHILDE STELLUNG 

Due to incorrect instructions and lack of guides the front line 
units did not arrive in position until a few minutes after the attack 
began, and the barrage preceding the advance had already lifted from 
and moved beyond the line of enemy trenches when the front line com- 
panies moved forward. A gap existed in the wire in front of the 
extreme left of our line, which was covered by machine guns and min- 
nenwerfers located to the north and along the ridge between Hill 258 
and Cote Dame Marie. When Companies I and L, each with only a 
handful of men left, attempted to move forward, they were met by a 
furious fire and were unable to advance. On the right, Company K, 
which had recently rejoined the regiment with almost full strength and 
was fresh, succeeded in getting through the enemy wire and unto the 
road on its front, but the fire from the enemy trenches on the bank 
above the road, and from the machine gun nests on the ridge north of 
Hill 258, made further frontal advance impossible; the right platoon 
of the company then moved about 100 yards to the right along the 
road and filtered across the trench through a gap in the enemy line, 
but could not proceed on account of the enfilading fire from the ridge 
on the left. Meanwhile the 2nd Battalion rroved forward at H hour 

187 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

in support, and its leading elements halted on a line with the supporting 
platoons of the 3rd Battalion. After several unsuccessful attempts to 
push forward, Captain William Haze, commanding the 3rd Battalion, 
ordered a small patrol from Company M, this company having moved 
up to Hill 258 in the meantime, to clean out these nests. This patrol, 
consisting of Sergeant Frank H. Raymond, Corporal Albert S. Krzykwa 
and Privates 1st Class Charles L. Beck, William A. Edsall, Tom D. 
Karps, Fred W. McClemens and Albert R. Neitzel, commanded by Cap- 
tain Edward B. Strom, advanced along the trenches on top of the ridge 
from Hill 258 toward the Cote Dame Marie against a terrific machine 
gun fire; in its advance the patrol took cover behind trees, in the 
trenches and in shell-holes, from which positions it fired rifle grenades 
into the hostile nests, killing some of their occupants and capturing 
ten machine guns and some prisoners. This patrol completely cleared 
the ridge and la Cote Dame Marie of the enemy by 8:00 a. m. The 
remainder of Company M followed close behind this patrol, crossing 
the ridge between Hills 258 and 287, and established a line on the 
northern slope just below the crest of the Cote Dame Marie. As soon 
as this patrol had broken the enemy's point of resistance along the 
ridge, the leading companies of the 2nd Battalion joined the other front 
line companies of the 3rd Battalion, and the combined force pushed for- 
ward to the trenches, taking their occupants prisoners, and then moving 
in a semi-circle around the right of the hostile machine gun position, 
advanced northwesterly about 400 yards toward the crest of the ridge, 
where the entire line was halted until our artillery barrage, called for 
by the 127th Infantry, whose leading battalion was at the bottom of the 
southern slope of Cote Dame Marie and unable to advance, stopped 
falling, when the front line again pushed forward and by 9:00 a. m. 
had advanced the front line a kilometer north of Hill 258, the left of 
our line being 400 yards north of la Cote Dame Marie (or Hill 287). 
The 2nd Battalion halted on the ridge and later followed and extended 
the regimental front to the right. The 1st Battalion moved forward 
from its reserve position at H hour and shortly after 11 o'clock passed 
through the 2nd and 3rd Battalions and by noon had pushed forward 
to the improved road running west from Romagne and occupied a posi- 
tion with two companies along the north branch of the road forks, 750 
meters north of Cote Dame Marie, and the other two companies in bat- 
talion support along the south branch of the road fork and extending 
west. In the afternoon the 2nd Battalion moved up to the right of the 
1st Battalion along the same road, and the 3rd Battalion remained in 
regimental support. Communication was established with the troops 
holding the right of the 42nd Division by 3:00 in the afternoon. During 

188 



GERMANS' LAST LINE PENETRATED 

this operation the advance Regimental P. C. was at Gesnes. No further 
advance was made in the regimental sector during the day, but patrols 
were pushed forward well into the Bois de Romagne and the Bois de 
Chauvignon with a view of a probable advance in the morning. The 
127th Infantry, on our left, had as its objective the Cote Dame Marie 
and Hill 286, while the 42nd Division had in its sector the remainder of 
the ridge to the north and Hill 288. The leading battalion of the 127th 
was held in front of Cote Dame Marie, after making repeated efforts to 
get to the top of the Hill and sending detachments to the left in an 
attempt to flank it from Hill 286, every effort being unsuccessful. This 
ridge, with its steep slopes, was impregnable to a frontal attack, and 
after sustaining heavy losses from the enemy trenches along its top, 
the front line was forced to dig in and remained there until dark. In 
the meantime the support battalion of the 127th was moved up after 
dark, through the opening made by our 3rd Battalion, and went into 
position to the left of our 1st Battalion, extending the Division front 
to the left. The two battalions of the 128th Infantry on our right 
were to take and hold the Trench du Dantrise south of Romagne until 
the remainder of the line to the left reached the first objective of the 
Division, and three hours later it was to advance with the remainder 
of the line from the first to the second objective. At the jump-off 
the battalion on the right succeeded in getting through the trench and 
to the southern outskirts of Romagne, where it was stopped and more 
artillery fire on the town asked for; under this fire this battalion 
again attempted to advance, but was unable to do so; it then continued 
the fire on the town with machine guns and artillery, moved by the 
left flank in the ravine just south of the town and advanced in a north- 
ern direction about one kilometer in the lane west of Romagne and suc- 
ceeded in forming a line northwest of the town by 11:30 o'clock. The 
artillery fire on the town was then stopped and the 1st Battalion of 
the 125th Infantry entered and captured Romagne and mopped it up, 
capturing about 200 prisoners. In the meantime the other battalion of 
the 128th, which was the right center battalion, worked its way for- 
ward and established contact with the right of the 126th Infantry about 
12:30 o'clock, meeting little resistance during the last kilometer of its 
advance. The 5th Division, on the right of our Division, met a strong 
resistance from the Bois de Rappes and did not make any advance 
during the day. 

THE GERMANS' LAST FORTIFIED LINE PENETRATED 

The day's operations will ever be memorable in the annals of the 
regiment, for its attacking units were the first troops to break through 

189 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

and pierce the enemy's strong Kriemhilde Stellung, his last fortified 
position between the Meuse and the Argonne. Here the Boche was 
fighting with his back to the wall and holding up the whole American 
Offensive. The ridge running northwest from Hill 258, and the famous 
Cote Dame Marie, was the key position of the German defense in this 
region, and the enemy troops holding this ridge and hill fought tena- 
ciously, the combatants being close enough to each other to almost 
engage in hand-to-hand fighting. When the enemy's chief resistance 
was broken by the action of the patrol from Company M, the attacking 
units were able to break through their trenches, and those of the 
enemy who were not killed, surrendered, and their supporting troops 
were forced to retreat. When the brave little patrol started forward to 
clear this famous hill, they seemed possessed of supernatural good for- 
tune, and undaunted by the shower of machine gun bullets, which 
greeted them as they stuck their heads above the steep ridge, they 
pressed doggedly forward; the very audacity of their movement seemed 
to excite the Boche troops, who shot wildly, which fact no doubt saved 
the members of this patrol from annihilation. This success rendered 
further resistance by the enemy on Hills 286 and 288 useless, as our 
line was now in their rear, and the enemy was obliged to retire from the 
entire length of the ridge and the 42nd Division was able to gain and 
occupy its hardest objective and join our line on the north side of the 
ridge. Every soldier in the line had a part in this success and many 
individuals performed spectacular feats, which contributed largely to 
it. Sergeant Harry Mansfield, Company I, and Corporal Frank S. 
Marek, Company M, crawled forward 200 yards to a machine gun nest, 
which was holding up the line, and killed three of its members, 
wounded three and took them and the remaining fifteen, prisoners, 
besides capturing the machine guns in the nest. About midnight the 
following message was received: "The Division Commander extends 
his hearty congratulations to all the troops on their fine work of today. 
I consider it the best day's work the Division had done." A captured 
German officer, who spoke English, in speaking of the attack of the 
32nd Division on the Kriemhilde Stellung to officers at Division Head- 
quarters, said that the attack by this Division was well planned and 
executed with great dash. He said further that he regarded this Divi- 
sion as better than any French or British Division that he had encoun- 
tered with the exception of a Scotch Division. 

During the day of October 14th, the regiment advanced the front 
line about a kilometer and a half. The casualties were approximately 
10 per cent of the men actually engaged, being low considering the 
stubborn resistance and the intensity of the enemy machine gun and 

190 



PHASE III 

artillery fire; this was due largely to the movement by the flank 
executed by the attacking units, and thereby avoiding the machine 
gun nests, which were placed to cover the natural avenues of advance 
with a criss-cross fire. Twelve enlisted men were killed and 2 officers 
and 79 men wounded, as follows: Company A, 1 man killed and 10 
men wounded; Company B, 3 men killed and 5 men wounded; Com- 
pany C, 6 men wounded; Company D, 4 men wounded; Company E, 
1 man killed and 3 men wounded; Company F, 1 man killed and 2 men 
wounded; Company G, 2 men killed and 1 officer and 7 men wounded; 
Company H, 8 men wounded; Company I, 4 men wounded; Company 
K, 4 men killed and 10 men wounded; Company L, 7 men wounded; 
Company M, 1 officer and 4 men wounded; Machine Gun Company, 5 
men wounded; Headquarters Company, 3 men wounded, and Sanitary 
Detachment, 1 man wounded. Total casualties, 93. 

PHASE III 

The axis of advance during these operations was northwest, and 
that part of the Division front held by the regiment on the night of 
October 14th was about one kilometer in advance of the two flanks. 
This bulging of the center was due to the fact that this part of the 
sector was covered with woods, whereas the troops on the right and 
left flanks of the Division sector were not only exposed to flanking fire 
over open country, but were maintaining liaison with the divisions on 
our right and left, requiring echelonment to the rear to protect our 
flanks. During the night the two remaining battalions of the 125th 
Infantry were placed to the left rear of the battalions of the 128th, 
holding the front line in the right sub-sector, ready to relieve the left 
battalion when a forward movement was ordered. On the night of 
October 14th, orders were received for a continuation of the attack on 
the morning of the 15th, with instructions to reach the day's objective 
and exploit the front. 

At 7 o'clock in the morning, October 15, 1918, the regiment 
advanced behind a rolling barrage. The 1st Battalion was leading, 
the 2nd in support, and the 3rd in reserve. The front line elements 
followed the barrage in good shape in consequence of which little 
resistance was encountered and many prisoners taken, and the line of 
the second objective, designated in the orders for the attack of the 
previous day, was reached within an hour after the attack began. 
Patrols were sent forward from here and they found no enemy in the 
woods except a few isolated Boches, and the 1st Battalion pushed ahead 
and established the front line along the road which runs southwesterly 
from the Village of Banthville and separates the Bois de Chauvignon 

191 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

and the Bois de Bantheville, which was our third objective line and here 
the line halted the rest of the day. In the afternoon the 3rd Battalion 
advanced to the northern edge of the Bois de Chauvignon, but went 
back during the night and next day returned to the woods. Patrols were 
sent well forward into the Bantheville Woods, and located the Germans 
some distance ahead of our line. While a member of one of these 
patrols, Private Frank P. Durkee, Company B, was returning to his 
own line, after he had crawled to the enemy line and obtained valuable 
information, when he was seriously wounded by a sniper's bullet; not- 
withstanding his wounds, from which he died three days later, he 
crawled back and delivered this information to his company com- 
mander. 

In the afternoon and during the night, the enemy heavily shelled 
our front line and the sector to the rear, and also kept up a persistent 
machine gun fire, causing many casualties in our ranks. During the 
day considerable aerial activity took place; towards late afternoon 
our planes divided into several squadrons and, flying in battle forma- 
tion, appeared in large numbers, but the Boche fliers did not appear. 

The distance advanced during the day was slightly under one and 
three-quarter kilometers. Our casualties were 6 men killed and 4 
officers and 70 men wounded, as follows: Company A, 1 man killed 
and 11 men wounded; Company B, 1 man killed and 1 officer and 13 
men wounded; Company C, 2 men killed and 1 officer and 13 men 
wounded; Company D, 11 men wounded; Companies E and F, each 1 
officer and 1 man wounded; Companies G and K, each 2 men wounded; 
Company H, 1 man killed; Company L, 3 men wounded; Company M, 
7 men wounded; Machine Gun Company, 4 men wounded; and Head- 
quarters Company, 1 man killed and 2 men wounded. Total casual- 
ties, 80. 

The men in the line spent a miserable night as it rained most of 
the time. There was no infantry action the next day, October 16th, 
but orders were received and carried out, to mop up the positions held 
and the Bois de Chauvignon, and strong combat patrols were sent out 
to exploit the Bantheville Woods to our front; these patrols encountered 
a few scattering Boche patrols in the northern edge of the woods, but 
no enemy troops in force. In the afternoon the regiment was re- 
organized in depth, the 1st Battalion retaining the front line, the 2nd 
Battalion going into support along the road running west from 
Romagne, while the 3rd Battalion was in reserve in the vicinity of the 
Cote Dame Marie, where our resistance line was established and this 
battalion worked on a defensive system. The 89th Division had come 
up from the rear on October 15th, with a view of relieving the 32nd 

192 



TAKING THE BANTHEVILLE WOODS 

Division when it should be withdrawn from the front, and reconnais- 
sance parties reconnoitered our positions almost daily. On the night of 
the 15th, a Lieutenant Colonel from that Division, who was its intel- 
ligence officer, rode his horse into the German lines where he was cap- 
tured by a Boche patrol. He was warned by a sergeant when he passed 
our front line, of his danger, but ignored the warning. He had maps 
which gave our positions and objectives, and with this information thus 
obtained, the enemy bombarded our lines with heavy shells, causing a 
number of casualties. It was said at the time that this incident 
required a change in the general plans for attack of the First Army, 
but it was not verified. 

The casualties for the day were 12 men killed and 46 wounded, as 
follows: Companies A and M, each 1 man killed and 1 man wounded; 
Companies B, G and L, each 5 men wounded; Company D, 4 men 
killed and 3 men wounded; Company E, 3 men wounded; Company 
F, 4 men wounded; Company H and Headquarters Company, each 1 
man wounded; Company I and Machine Gun Company, each 1 man 
killed and 3 men wounded; Company K, 4 men killed and 9 men 
wounded, and Sanitary Detachment, 2 men wounded. Total casual- 
ties, 58. 

TAKING THE BANTHEVILLE WOODS 

During the night of October 16th-17th, our artillery shelled the 
woods on our front and in the morning of the 17th machine gun fire as 
well as artillery fire was delivered into the Bois de Bantheville, after 
which patrols were sent forward from the front line companies; they 
proceeded to the northern edge of the woods. These patrols returned at 
11 o'clock with the information that the woods on our front was free 
of the enemy. The only enemy artillery fire received during the 
morning was from heavy caliber guns, which indicated that the enemy 
was withdrawing his smaller cannons. During the afternoon our front 
line companies, with units of the 127th Infantry, advanced to the 
northwestern edge of the Bois de Bantheville. Our right was slightly 
bent back in order to complete liaison with a battalion of the 125th 
Infantry, which had passed through the 128th and taken over the 
front line. This movement completed the entire occupation of the 
Bois de Bantheville in the left of the Division sector. Few casualties 
were sustained on this day, as follows: Companies A and G, each 
1 man killed; Companies C, H, L and M, and Sanitary Detachment, 
each 1 man wounded, and Company E, 2 men wounded. Total casual- 
ties, 9. 

There was no infantry action by the regiment on October 18th 

193 




1. Troops coming out of the front line, unkempt and tired, after twenty days' continuous fighting 
in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. October 20, 1918. 

2. Entrance to German dugout in ruins of Montfaucon. October 20, 1918. 

3. Delousing station at Avocourt, where 32nd Division troops received a much-needed bath and 
new clothing. October 24, 1918. 

194 



RELIEF OF DIVISION 

and 19th, other than small patrols which reconnoitered the country 
to the front. These two days were employed in more thoroughly 
organizing our positions by establishing machine gun positions, con- 
structing emplacements, and improving the shelter for the troops. On 
our right the 125th Infantry kept working forward so that by the 
19th the line on the Division sector front extended along the north- 
western edge of the Bois de Bantheville to Hill 236, from where it 
extended southeast in front of Hill 274, to the eastern edge of the 
woods; the extreme northeastern part of the woods was still held by 
the enemy who was in position on Hills 274 and 277 and the line 
between these hills. The line thus held by our troops constituted a 
sharp salient into the enemy's line, as the divisions on the right and 
left were somewhat to the rear of this line, and the village of Banthe- 
ville, which was in the sector of the Division on our right, was still in 
enemy hands. The casualties on the 18th were as follows: Company 
A, 3 men wounded; Company B, 2 men killed and 1 man wounded; 
Company C, 2 men killed and 1 officer wounded; Company D, 1 man 
killed; Companies E, F, H, K, and Machine Gun Company, each 1 
man wounded; Companies G and M, each 2 men wounded, and Com- 
pany I, 1 man killed and 1 man wounded. Total casualties, 21. On 
the 19th of October, the casualties were as follows: Companies B and 
I, each 2 men wounded; Company G, 3 men wounded; Company K, 
3 officers and 2 men wounded; Company L, 1 man killed, and Head- 
quarters Company, 1 man wounded. Total casualties, 14. 

RELIEF OF DIVISION 

On the night of October 19th-20th, the 32nd Division was relieved 
in the 5th Corps sector by the 89th Division and the regiment moved 
back to the Bois de Emont, where it remained during a part of October 
20th. As will be noted the regiment entered the front line the night 
of September 30th. Since then three general attacks were planned 
for the First American Army, and participated in by the 32nd Divi- 
sion, namely, on October 4th, the 9th, and the 14th, and each of these 
attacks lasted approximately two days; the intervening days before 
and between attacks were devoted to work of exploitation of the front 
and organizing the positions gained for new attacks. The 126th 
Infantry was the only regiment in the Division that was in the front 
line and participated in all of these attacks. The 125th Infantry held 
a part of the front in two attacks, the 127th in two, and the 128th in 
one attack. The regiment was relieved from front line duty but twice 
during these operations, and was in Divisional reserve less than five 
days all told. Each time it re-entered the front, the line had not 

195 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

advanced and remained the same as when the regiment was last 
relieved, so that the total advance of the regiment equaled the total 
advance of the 32nd Division, namely, approximately eight and one- 
half kilometers. 

TOTAL CASUALTIES 

The total casualties in the regiment from September 30th to 
October 20th, were 7 officers and 240 enlisted men killed, and 34 officers 
and 1,013 enlisted men wounded; 145 men were reported missing, and 
10 officers and 219 enlisted men were evacuated sick. Total casualties, 
1,617. Something over 200 prisoners were forwarded through Regi- 
mental headquarters, while approximately 100 more were taken by the 
regiment and forwarded through other headquarters. In addition much 
war material was captured, including 77 mm. artillery pieces, minnen- 
werfers, heavy and light machine guns, anti-aircraft guns, small arms 
equipment and ammunition of all kinds and caliber. 

From captured documents it was afterwards learned that the 
attack of September 26th had been expected for five days; just where 
the attack would come was not known to the Germans, but it was 
looked for east of Verdun. But the strengthening of his positions west 
of the Meuse was not overlooked, and during the five days the Ger- 
man expected an attack, plans were made by him to contest every 
advance on the line known as the Kriemhilde Stellung. In addition 
to the Kriemhilde Stellung, there was a covering position known as the 
Giselher Stellung, which the enemy had planned to use to inflict losses 
upon the attacking units and to attempt to delay and weaken the 
assault and even check it if possible. This position was on the 
southern slopes of the hills in the region north of Gesnes. To defend 
these successive positions the enemy had placed fresh divisions in line, 
and threatened or existing gaps in the course of the battle were filled 
by elements of his reserve. This filling process soon resulted in the 
mixture of units to such an extent that one group of only thirty-three 
prisoners captured in the same place represented four divisions. The 
enemy's determinations to hold these positions at all cost, caused him 
to use elements of eleven divisions against the 32nd Division, identi- 
fied through prisoners captured, as follows: The 13th Division, 3rd 
and 5th Prussian Guard Divisions. 28th Division (known as the 
"Kaiser's Own"), 37th Division, 39th Division, and 52nd Division, all 
divisions of the first class; the 41st Division, second class; the 115th, 
the 123rd, and the 236th Divisions, all third class. Besides these units 
there were also identified separate machine gun detachments, pioneers, 

196 



SUMMARY OF TWENTY DAYS OF FIGHTING 

used as infantry and minnenwerfers companies, who, unable to employ 
their weapons, were also used as infantry. 

The period just ended, October 1st to 20th, was the hardest phase 
of the Meuse-Argonne battle. Autumn had arrived, and the nights 
were penetratingly cold and the ground, where the men had to lie, 
was wet from the chill rains. Mist interfered with aerial and artillery 
observation. During this entire period, the overcast sky was in keep- 
ing with the character of the battle. For days there was no sign of 
any color in relief from the dull gray and brown, except the red, white 
and blue bull's-eye of a low-flying airplane. The "Kriemhilde Stel- 
lung" was a rough trench line with barbed wire guarded by covering 
positions in front, which was especially strong in the Romagne Forests. 
Under this name of Romagne may be grouped the series of woods 
which were the wilderness of this campaign. Our men in the front line 
dug themselves in — and so did the Germans — in little fox holes in 
ravines, on reverse slopes or in the edge of the woods, where they kept 
watch until we attacked again or repulsed countelr-attacks with 
machine gun fire, or crept out at night as patrols, or in the first flush 
of dawn made a rush to take another "bite" and gain some vantage 
point. Trench warfare in the old sense was now over. The opposing 
armies had all accepted this new system of thin outpost lines in the 
fox holes, while the machine gunners moved their guns skilfully about 
in forming criss-cross zones of fire. 

When the 32nd Division went into the line, facing the center of 
the enemy's position, it was expected to pierce the Kriemhilde Stel- 
lung, the great Romagne defense line. Through a gamut of shell fire 
and swept by machine gun fire, after two attacks the village of Gesnes 
was reached. Attack succeeded attack, making and holding gains, but 
the more machine guns captured and the more destroyed by our artillery, 
the more the Germans seemed to have. On October 9th, the 32nd put its 
back into a fresh attack and advanced the line right up to the enemy's 
wire. The 32nd again made a supreme effort on the 14th, and soon 
after the zero hour the attacking battalion of the 126th Infantry 
pierced this last and famous line, and a little later in the day other 
troops of the 32nd, on the right, drove through the town of Romagne 
itself and, despite the German artillery concentration on the town, 
mopped it up. By night the 32nd had advanced a mile, which was a 
long distance against those Romagne and Cote Dame Marie positions. 
Fifty yards counted more than a mile after the line was finally broken 
on November 1st. 



197 



CHAPTER XII 
PERIOD BETWEEN OCTOBER 20 AND NOVEMBER 16, 1918 



RESTING IN MONTFAUCON WOODS 

WHEN the Division was relieved on this front it had been in 
line twenty days, and during this long tour the 3rd and 5th 
Divisions occupied the sector on our right, and the 91st, 1st 
and 42nd Divisions the sector on our left. Upon arrival in the Bois 
de Emont, Mr. Hummel, a Y. M. C. A. worker attacked to the regi- 
ment, served hot chocolate, cookies and cigarettes to the men, thereby 
gaining their everlasting gratitude. The next day, October 21, 1918, 
the regiment started for the rear. The 32nd Division had been in line 
longer than any other division (except one or two divisions of the right 
corps, whose mission was to hold the west bank of the Meuse River as 
the line moved forward), and in the very apex of the First American 
Army, and we believed we had earned the privilege to be sent to a 
quiet billet area for a period of rest and recuperation. But we were 
again doomed to bitter disappointment, when we found the division was 
to be army reserve and that the regiment was to rest in the Montf aucon 
Woods ; a worse place, even for a woods, could hardly have been selected 
for obtaining rest. Formerly the German front line trench system ran 
through the southern edge of this woods, and after four years of pound- 
ing by artillery, the woods presented a typical "No Man's Land." 
Everywhere was desolation and ruin; what had once been a beautiful 
green forest, was now a vast stretch of splintered stumps, upturned 
earth and mud. There were a few small dugouts, but nearly all the 
troops were obliged to live in their "pup tents," and shell-holes were so 
numerous that space could hardly be found to pitch them. The 
kitchens and ration carts accompanied the troops, and the entire regi- 
ment was together once more, except the Supply Company, which was 
stationed about a mile south. While many uncomplimentary remarks 
were passed about the individual at Army Headquarters, who assigned 
this place to us, himself enjoying all the comforts of home, the troops 
determined to make the best of it, and with very little sobbing, settled 
in the best manner possible under the circumstances. The Adjutant's 
office was set up in a truck at the side of the road; the message center 

198 



IN MONTFAUCON WOODS 

and radio station was established in a small dugout, and the Colonel 
and his staff had their quarters in a shack made of boards and canvas. 
To add to the miserable location, a cold rain fell almost continuously 
and the nights were cold. No fires could be built, as the Boche bomb- 
ing planes were out every night and dropped bombs, but without caus- 
ing any casualties in our regiment. As soon as the buzzing sound of 
the propeller on the enemy planes were heard, flashes from a dozen 
searchlights scoured the sky and when the enemy plane was spotted 
anti-aircraft guns opened a barrage on the invader. These night bat- 
tles were spectacular, and the dropping and explosion of the bombs 
always caused a shiver of fear and apprehension to run up and down 
one's spine until the unwelcome visitor had left. 

Upon our arrival in France we had been informed that all troops 
would be given a seven-day leave of absence every four months, which 
was the practice in the other Allied armies. Up to this time none had 
received any leave in our regiment, under the pretext that the men 
could not be spared, but now it was to be put in force and seven men 
per organization were given a seven-day leave, commencing on the 23rd 
day of October. During the entire time of our last tour in the line it 
was impossible to obtain a bath or change of clothing, with the result 
that everyone was filthy and covered with vermin. A delousing station 
was established near the ruins of Avocourt and everyone was given an 
opportunity to obtain a hot bath and was issued new and clean under- 
wear and clothing, and we felt more like human beings once more. On 
October 27th, about six hundred new replacements were received for 
the regiment and our depleted ranks were partially refilled, these addi- 
tions bringing the strength of the infantry companies up to about 150 
men. While drilling was impossible, yet improvised rifle ranges were 
established and the new men given some instruction in rifle practice 
and also grenade throwing. 

PREPARATIONS FOR GENERAL ATTACK NOVEMBER 1st 

Preparations were made for a general attack on the morning of 
November 1st along the Allied front, and this attack was the begin- 
ning of the third phase of the offensive by the First American Army. 
The army orders for this attack assigned the 32nd Division and 3rd 
Division as corps reserve for the 3rd Corps. By October 20th the 
offensive period of the second phase was over. The First American 
Army was out of the Argonne, north of the Aire. It held Grandpre, 
and the Bois de Rappes was finally occupied after five attacks. The 
western end of the Kriemhilde line was in our hands, the center was 
breached, and the enemy was out of the wooded area about Banthe- 

199 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

ville, but on the eastern end, near the Meuse, the supporting fire from 
the eastern bank enabled the Germans to maintain a precarious hold 
on Brieulles and control of the Meuse valley roads on either bank. 

On the morning of November 1st three army corps were in line 
between the Meuse and the Bois de Bourgogne. On the right the 3rd 
Corps had the 5th and 90th Divisions; the 5th Corps occupied the 
center of the line with the 89th and 2nd Divisions, and on the left the 
1st Corps deployed the 80th, 77th and 78th Divisions. Just after mid- 
night, October 31st-November 1st, our artillery along the whole Amer- 
ican front opened a violent fire. The reports of the more than 1,700 
cannon engaged, sounded like a continuous roar, and the flashes from 
the guns electrified the skyline on a front twenty miles wide. The 
attack was made by the front line divisions at 5:30 a. m., November 
I, 1918, after two hours of artillery preparation, which was so dense 
that the enemy was overwhelmed and quickly submerged by the rapid 
onslaught of the infantry, with the result that the German line be- 
tween the Meuse and the Burgogne Forest collapsed and the enemy 
was hastily falling back on Sedan. During the night of November 1st- 
2nd, the regiment rolled packs and moved up toward the front, march- 
ing through Montfaucon and Romagne, and bivouacked in the Bois de 
Chauvignon, northwest of Romagne. Regimental Headquarters, Head- 
quarters and Supply Companies moved up into the Bois de Emont the 
morning of November 2nd, and on the morning of November 3rd, the 
Headquarters Company moved up and joined the regiment. During 
the early morning hours of November 4th, the regiment moved into the 
Bois de Rappes, regimental headquarters being established in the vil- 
lage of Aincreville, and next day the Headquarters and Supply Com- 
panies and Sanitary Detachment were moved into the town. This 
village was almost in ruins, hardly a building being untouched by our 
artillery fire the night of October 31st, and it was taken in the attack 
of the following morning without resistance. In the 3rd Corps sector, 
the 5th Division was on the right and was to act as a pivot until the 
90th Division, on its left, reached the Meuse River, which it did, but 
not until November 3rd. On November 2nd, the 5th Division learned 
that the enemy was withdrawing and at once prepared for the difficult 
task of crossing the Meuse. After working around the edge of the 
horseshoe bluff, north of Brieulles, and taking Doulcon, an attempt was 
made to cross on the night of November 3rd-4th, and in the face of a 
heavy fire, two companies got across at Brieulles and dug in. Novem- 
ber 4th another attempt to cross at Clery-le-Petit failed. Meanwhile 
the two companies already across at Brieulles, succeeded, by a surprise 
attack, in crossing the canal and establishing a bridgehead. Just below 

200 



32nd ENTERS LINE SECOND TIME 

this point a battalion crossed the river on rafts, duck-boards, with 
poles and ropes, and by swimming, and established itself in the Bois 
de Chatillon. The following morning, November 5th, the Bois de 
Chatillon was cleared of the enemy and the left of the 5th Division 
was able to cross. The villages of Dun-sur-Meuse and Milly were 
captured, so that the net result of the day was the crossing of the river 
and the capture of the whole line of heights along the east bank of the 
river from Vilosnes to Milly-devt-Dun. On November 6th, the 128th 
Infantry of the 32nd Division was attached to the 5th Division and 
entered the front line on its left in the Dun-sur-Meuse bridgehead. 

The regiment remained in the Bois de Rappes and the village of 
Aincreville until the afternoon of November 9th. From the heights 
about Aincreville the efforts of the 5th Division to cross the Meuse 
were plainly visible. During this halt the enemy aerial bombers paid 
us nightly visits and left their compliments in the form of high explo- 
sive bombs, but no casualties occurred from this source. The weather 
was bad, the autumn rains being frequent and the nights cold. Many 
rumors began to circulate about what was happening to the Germans, 
one of which was that the Kaiser had abdicated. We also received 
some Paris editions of the Chicago Tribune and New York Herald, and 
the news of the progress of the war, of which we knew so little, was 
eagerly read. This was the first thing like news that we had seen in 
some time, and the favorable progress being made by the Allied armies 
on the western front was very cheering to us. On November 6th, 
Colonel Joseph B. Westnedge was obliged to go to the hospital. He had 
never missed a day of duty until now, when a severe cold, aggravated 
by gas burns of the lungs, had brought on bronchitis and kindred dis- 
eases that made it imperative that he receive medical attention with- 
out delay, but as it was, it was too late. The Colonel had remained on 
duty with his regiment too long, for the sickness which he had fought 
off so long had gained too deep a hold and he died at the base hospital 
at Nantes, France, November 26, 1918. 

Lieutenant Colonel Henry A. Meyer was transferred to the regi- 
ment and assigned to its command November 6, 1918, and relieved of 
command November 8, 1918, being succeeded by Lieutenant Colonel 
Elliot Caziarc, who had been assigned to the regiment as second in 
command November 5, 1918. 

32nd ENTERS THE LINE THE SECOND TIME 
By November 1st the German army had been fought to a stand- 
still, and its power of further resistance had gone. West of the Meuse 
he had used over 30 divisions, several of which had been used twice 

201 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

and some three times. By the second day of the offensive, commenced 
on November 1st, the battle had resolved itself to almost a pursuit 
race. West of the Meuse the Germans fled back to Sedan, opposite 
which town elements of the 42nd Division appeared on. November 7th. 
But through courtesy, the French, who arrived shortly afterwards, 
were the first to enter the town. Thus the Sedan-Longuyon railway 
was cut and the main objective of the American operation achieved. 

On November 6th, the 128th Infantry of our Division was attached 
to the 5th Division and entered the front line on its left in the Dun- 
sur-Meuse bridgehead. In the 3rd Corps sector east of the Meuse, the 
5th Division continued its attack on November 6th and reached the 
villages of Louppy and Remoinville by the 9th, and the same day took 
Jametz. The remainder of the 32nd Division followed the advance of 
the 5th Division in Corps reserve, and on November 8th was ordered to 
take its position in the front line on the right of the 5th, and the 64th 
Brigade was given the advance and the 63rd Brigade in support. 
Accordingly, on the 9th of November, the regiment moved forward 
from Aincreville, crossing the Meuse River at Dun-sur-Meuse, and 
halted near Liny-devt-Dun. During the night some shelling from the 
enemy's heavy artillery was received, as well as bombs from his aerial 
bombing squadrons. The morning of November 10th the regiment 
moved forward, passing through Haraumont to Breheville. The Head- 
quarters Company preceded the regiment and arrived in the village of 
Breheville about noon, the remainder of the regiment coming up at 
dark and bivouacking in the Bois de Brandeville about a kilometer 
from Breheville. The night was freezing and when the men awoke 
next morning, they found the ground frozen and some men had their 
shoes frozen. A few days previous it had become known that the enemy 
had sent emissaries to the High Command of the Allied armies to 
arrange for an armistice, but the activity of the enemy during the 
night of November 10th did not indicate the imminence of a cessation 
of hostilities; commencing at dusk the enemy opened a heavy bom- 
bardment with high-caliber shells on the town of Breheville, which he 
continued all night long, forcing the troops in the town to temporarily 
evacuate it. Some of the shells fell on the hillside close to where the 
regiment was lying, but fortunately, no casualties resulted in these 
last hours of the greatest war in all history. In the early morning 
hours of November 10th, the 127th and 128th Infantry relieved the 
15th French Colonial Division on the right of the 5th Division, and 
during the day the Division advanced east of Breheville in the direc- 
tion of Briey, the great iron and coal section of France, which had been 
in German hands since early in the war, and which was to be the next 

202 



ARMISTICE DAY 

American objective. During the day a new attack had been ordered 
for November 11th, and orders were issued to the 126th Infantry to 
relieve the 5th Division in the front line the night of November 11th- 
12th, 1918, but the armistice, news of which came during the forenoon 
of November 11th, made this unnecessary. 

While during the last days of the struggle the German Fifth Army 
was staggering backwards, it was not routed. It had not lost its organ- 
ization. It was still fighting back in rear-guard actions, holding up the 
advance with machine gun fire. But it had been evicted from every 
fixed position of defense. It had no positions, no more concrete works 
or lines of trenches or wires, although some in the first stages of con- 
struction were seen on our subsequent march toward Longuyon. While 
the German army was not destroyed in these last days, there were 
signs of coming demoralization in its ranks. 

ARMISTICE DAY 
The morning of November 11, 1918, broke with the usual accom- 
paniments of battle. The boom of artillery guns and the crash of ex- 
ploding shells, with their clouds of smoke and dirt, were still with us. 
In fact, the enemy had kept up a harassing artillery fire on our rear 
positions during the entire night. The put-put-put of machine gun fire 
could be heard along the front. The immediate cessation of hostilities 
was not evident during the early morning hours, and no one expected 
such a contingency to happen so soon. While it was generally rumored 
that the end was not far distant, yet we at the front knew that the 
Germans were a long ways from their own territory, and doubted the 
possibility of their defeat on French and Belgian soil. About 9 o'clock 
in the forenoon messages were received at Regimental Headquarters 
that an armistice had been signed by the belligerents and that hostil- 
ities would cease at 11 o'clock that morning. This news was too good 
to be true, and after hearing so many rumors, all of which proved to be 
without foundation, this news was regarded as another hoax and little 
credence given it. However, all watches were synchronized and all 
anxiously awaited the hour set when fighting was to cease. At 30 
minutes to 11 o'clock the Huns started to shell the little village of 
Ecurey, which was about three kilometers from Breheville, and con- 
tinued the shelling up to the last minute. Regimental Sergeant Major 
Percy J. Baldwin, who was in the village of Ecurey during this shell- 
ing, was hit by a fragment of one of these shells and severely wounded. 
He was the last member of the regiment to become a casualty in the 
war. The Boche kept sending over an occasional shell all along the 
line until 11 o'clock, and our artillery also sent our compliments over 

203 




1. Maj. Gen. Haan addressing officers and noncommissioned officers at Breheville, France, after 
the armistice. November 12, 1918. 

2. Wrecked German airplane, containing Liberty motor, near Tellancourt, France, Nov. 19, 1918. 

3. First American prisoners, released by the Germans, coming through our lines. Nov. 13, 1918. 

204 



THE ARMISTICE 

to the Huns in the form of powder and steel. At last the designated 
hour arrived, and as if to mock us, in our unbelief, at the eleventh hour 
of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of the year 1918, as if Fate 
herself had set the stage and craftily planned such a denouement, the 
great cannons ceased their roar, and the continual put-put-put of the 
machine gun became silent. The scream of the flying shells and the 
whistle of the bullet was no more. The curtain was drawn on History's 
greatest and bloodiest of conflicts between man. The suddenness of the 
end and the quiet which prevailed after the fateful hour, created a 
sort of dumbness and one did not know whether to laugh or to cry. 
Contrary to ordinary belief, the tired "doughboy" did not cheer. He 
still doubted the truth of this new situation, and feared it might be 
another "Hun" trick, and waited until night should come and pass 
before he would be convinced. 

By 1 o'clock the remainder of the regiment had moved into the 
village of Breheville and billets were established in the abandoned and 
shell-torn houses. The kitchens were brought into the village and soon 
smoke was pouring skyward and a good hot meal was cooking, almost 
under the noses of the "Boche." The afternoon passed off quietly and 
as soon as night came, the Germans holding the front line began cele- 
brating the armistice by sending up flares and rockets. On our side of 
the line the night was as still as the grave. One would never have 
known from the conduct of the troops that any unusual great event 
had just transpired. The night passed quietly, with the troops sleep- 
ing with their weapons by their side in anticipation of possible Hun 
treachery. When morning came and all was quiet, we felt assured 
that the armistice was real and all were happy. The next day, Novem- 
ber 13th, General Haan addressed the officers and non-commissioned 
officers, and informed us that the 32nd Division had been selected as 
one of three divisions to lead the march into Germany, and that we 
were to cross the River Rhine and occupy the bridgehead, or semi- 
circular zone of safety thirty kilometers deep, at the German City of 
Coblenz. Before daybreak, November 14, 1918, the regiment was up 
and packs were rolled and at daylight moved forward to the front line 
on the left of the 128th Infantry, relieving troops of the 5th Division. 
The 1st Battalion and Machine Gun Company moved into Louppy, 
the 2nd into Jametz, and the 3rd into Remoiville. Later in the day 
the Headquarters Company and Supply Company moved up, the latter 
moving into Remoiville, and the former, together with Headquarters, 
moving to Louppy. Regimental Headquarters was established in a 
famous old chateau, which had been used as general headquarters of 

205 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

the German General, Von Marwitz, commanding the German 5th Army 
during the Meuse-Argonne battle, and but recently vacated by him and 
his staff. 

OUTPOSTS AFTER THE ARMISTICE 
The towns of Louppy, Remoiville and Jametz formed a portion of 
the front line. Outposts were established about a kilometer beyond 
these towns and sentinels of both armies, with a bare hundred yards 
separating them, paced up and down along the front. Not many hours 
after the commencement of the "silence of the tombs" (for it seemed 
such to us who had become accustomed to the continuous thunder of 
the big guns), there began to straggle through our lines in a steady 
stream, repatriated prisoners from the French, Russian and Italian 
armies, as well as many French civilians; poor forlorn-looking crea- 
tures, clothed in rags, and unshaven, who were grateful for the smallest 
favors, and who had not had a proper meal in many days. All these 
stragglers received a hot meal at our kitchens, the first they received 
on their release from hostile custody. 

It was rather pitiful to see how eager they were to get back and 
away from the front line, as if they believed such a thing as peace was 
too good to last. German officers came into our lines in high-powered 
motor cars, carrying flags of truce, seeking receipts for artillery pieces 
left behind according to the armistice terms. The armistice also 
brought with it a renewal of the "paper war;" service records were 
checked over and corrected, after having been laid aside for many 
months. During the day of November 16th, orders were received to 
prepare for the forward march on the morning of the 17th. 



THE MARCH TO THE RHINE 

"Oh, light your pipe up, buddy, "Say, this is diff'rent, buddy, 

And fasten on your pack, Than just a while ago, 

The footing may be muddy When 'Forward' meant a bloody 

Along our forward track. And a damned unhealthy show. 

But we should worry when we see And those we've left behind us, 

What we are going for; Upon the fields of France, 

We're marching into Germany — Perhaps they'll somehow find us 

We've won the blooming war. And march in our advance. 

"There are no shells to meet us, "We've marched in wartime, buddy, 

And our own guns are dumb; In dark and cold and damp, 

No M. G. nests will greet us But now our fires are ruddy 

With bullets as we come. Wherever we encamp; 

Our hobnails rasp, our belts all creak, This the time we've fought to see, 

We slog past plain and hill; The thing we came here for; 
No H. E.'s 'crump,' no two-tens shriek — We're off, we're off to Germany — 

God, but the air is still! We've won the blooming war." 

206 



CHAPTER XIII 
THE MARCH TO THE RHINE 



WHEN the regiment woke up on the morning of November 17, 
1918, it found the weather cold and crisp. In pursuance to 
field orders, issued the day before, preparations for the first 
phase of the March to the Rhine was begun early, and breakfast was 
served at 4:30 a. m. and the regiment moved forward an hour later on 
a march, which equaled the historical campaigns of the ancient and 
mediaeval conquerors in this same region. The 1st, 32nd and 2nd Divi- 
sions, from right to left, comprised the vanguard of the American Army 
of Occupation, with the 3rd, 4th, 5th, 42nd, 89th and 90th Divisions 
making up the main body in reserve. These units comprised the entire 
American force which was to garrison the region in the vicinity of 
Coblenz to guarantee the fulfillment of the terms of the armistice. 

The order of march was as follows: The 2nd Battalion, which 
formed the advance guard, and the main body, consisting of the 3rd 
and 1st Battalions, Machine Gun and Headquarters Companies and 
the 125th Infantry. The rolling kitchens, water and ration carts 
accompanied their battalions. The Supply Company, with the re- 
mainder of the Regimental Wagon Train, marched with the Brigade 
Field Train at the rear of the main body. The route of march was 
Louppy-Remoiville-Marville, thence to the various billeting areas, as 
follows: 1st Battalion and Machine Gun Company at Flabeuville, 
and the remainder of the regiment at Colmey. 

The column moved across what was once "No Man's Land," and 
soon began to leave behind the shell-marked country with which we 
were so familiar. While it was now the latter half of November and 
the weather was crispy, yet this new country seemed fresh and green 
and unscarred by the furries of battle. On this first day's march we 
passed a large German aviation field, with wonderful rustic shacks, in 
a deep and narrow valley, which were used as quarters for the Hun 
aviators. Also a few artillery pieces left behind by the Germans in 
their hasty retirement. Our band and colors preceded the column and 
played stirring march music when passing through a village or town, 
which brought the civilian population from all directions to see the 

207 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

"Americaine Soldaten." It was, indeed, an inspiring sight to see the 
almost worshipful glances from those weary souls who had for four 
long years been separated from their own people and made to suffer 
the presence of the German soldiery. What a prayer of thankfulness 
must have been sent to the Great Father above, when they beheld the 
fulfillment of their pleadings in the swinging lines of brown-clad men 
from overseas, who seemed mere boys, and who made possible this 
memorable march to the Rhine. The day's march totaled 19 kilometers 
and our destination was reached by noon. Regimental Headquarters 
was very comfortably located in a small chateau at Colmey, in which 
were electric lights and player piano. The town itself was lighted with 
electricity. Surely civilization was again within reach. On this day 
and near this town we crossed the now famous Metz-Sedan Railroad 
line, which was a double-track system. 

The march was resumed at 5:30 the next morning, via Longuyon 
and Tellencourt, to Longwy. It was the general rule of the daily march 
orders to require the column to pass the line of observation, which was 
the most advanced outpost line, by 7:00 a. m. each day. This neces- 
sitated the troops to arise and have breakfast long before daylight. 
This unholy hour, no doubt, was inspired by someone who was awak- 
ened about 8:30 each morning, breakfasted and then rode out casually 
in his limousine to see whether or not the column had started on time, 
knowing well where the column should be at a given hour. We were 
given many surprises on this march. After the armistice there came 
from somewhere in the vicinity of Paris, or similar locality, a horde of 
chaps with polished shoes and leggins, white collars and cuffs, and a 
Sam Brown belt with buckles shining like gold, and all the trimmings, 
riding in luxurious limousines, to tell us how to run an army, and to 
see that we were marching correctly. They were a new specimen to us, 
as none such were ever seen during our service in the trenches or on the 
battle fronts. These gentlemen would have been an adornment to any 
parlor or ballroom. They unconcernedly raced their cars alongside 
the column and raised clouds of dust for the doughboy to inhale or 
spattered him with mud. When some exhausted soldier, bending under 
a ninety-pound pack, was forced to fall out, the unlucky company 
officer to which such soldier belonged was told an offense was com- 
mitted sufficient to send him into disgrace. A missing button on an 
overcoat was also sufficient to send the unlucky soldier to a term in the 
brig, in the estimation of these individuals, if their exhortations were 
to be heeded. And what was worse, we had to tolerate them through- 
out the march to the Rhine. 

Longuyon was a junction point on the Metz-Sedan railroad and 

208 



THE MARCH TO THE RHINE 

frequently we had read in communiques that American bombing 
squadrons had paid their respects to the German transportation system 
at this point, and as we passed through the town we noticed that some 
of the bombs, at least, had reached their mark by the ruins around the 
station. After passing Tellencourt we passed two large German avia- 
tion fields with several enemy planes left behind under guard of a 
group of Germans in command of the noted German flyer, Wolff, and 
the party were required to march at the head of the column. The 
planes were to be turned over to the Allies. The entire regiment was 
to billet in Longwy, as well as Division and Brigade Headquarters, and 
other rear echelon troops. As we neared our destination, a long column 
of autos and trucks carrying the rear echelon troops and baggage, 
passed us on the road and reached the town hours before the tired 
marching doughboy, and, of course, appropriated the choice billets. 
The regiment was required to march with an advance guard to guard 
against a surprise attack while the enemy was in front of us. Permit- 
ting the non-combatants to race ahead of the column in autos and 
trucks, made the precautions required of the infantry to guard against 
surprise appear both useless and ridiculous, but this procedure con- 
tinued throughout the march. Longwy was reached about 1:00 p. m., 
and brought us 22 kilometers nearer the Rhine. Here we tarried over 
one day for what the High Command is pleased to call a rest, but the 
opposite of Webster's interpretation of this word was our lot, for out- 
posts were established, wagons and equipment to be cleaned and cared 
for, and the troops themselves sought an opportunity to "clean-up," 
not that it was needed, for it was now many months since we last had 
a good bath. 

The city of Longwy is a manufacturing town and located in a deep 
and narrow valley. The roads leading from the surrounding high land 
into the town, zigzagged down the steep hillsides, and as the head of 
the column started down these roads, the tail end of the German col- 
umn was just pulling out of the town and climbing up the steep slopes 
on the other side of the valley. The city was one of the great fortified 
cities of France. At one side of the town and on top of the valley a 
mighty fortress was built by the Romans, and continually strength- 
ened in later centuries, until in 1914 it was thought impregnable, along 
with those of Liege and Verdun. This fortress was called the "Citadel," 
and it had figured in nearly every war mentioned in the history of 
France, and one could almost feel the silent call of adventure and 
romance as he stood surrounded by the heavy and moss-covered walls. 
The "Citadel," after a heroic but brief defense, fell before the Hun 
onslaught in 1914, but not until it had almost been battered to the 

209 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

ground by the German artillery. Most of the civilian population had 
remained in the town during the German occupation, and these turned 
out in large numbers to greet the entering American soldiers. Our 
appearance was the signal for the natives to display home-made Amer- 
ican flags, no doubt made secretly in anticipation of this moment. The 
inhabitants' idea of our flag was somewhat hazy, as the red and white 
stripes varied in number from three to six, running either lengthwise 
or crosswise, and the stars ran from three to twenty. Real stores, with 
real supplies, were greeted with pleasure, yet it was not to be expected 
that they would be well stocked, and they were not. Incidentally, 
Fritz's favorite drink, "Schnapps," was sampled, but our troops soon 
renamed it "turpentine" or "rough on rats." 

Upon our arrival, orders were received to establish an outpost line, 
and the 1st Battalion immediately left and occupied this line, having 
its headquarters at Gorcy. The next morning the 3rd Battalion took 
over part of the line, with its headquarters at the Citadel. November 
19, 1918, Lieutenant Colonel Caziarc, who commanded the regiment 
since November 9th, was relieved and Major Guy M. Wilson was 
placed in temporary command. 

MARCHING THROUGH LUXEMBURG 

The march from Longwy was resumed, on November 20th, with 
the 125th Infantry leading. Our regiment, less the 1st Battalion, 
which marched independently from Gorcy to the day's billeting area, 
formed the main body. Company B remained in Longwy guarding 
material and supplies turned over by the German army. The day's 
march was through Aubange-Messancy-Kunzich to Selange. This 
route took us out of France, and across the extreme southeastern 
corner of Belgium, just over the line into Luxemburg, then back again 
into Belgium to the village of Selange, where the entire regiment 
stopped for the night. The billeting facilities was insufficient and part 
of the regiment was required to bivouac outside the village. However, 
the weather was cool and bracing, and none complained. The distance 
traveled was short, being only 12 kilometers, and in each village along 
the march, home-made American flags of all descriptions were flung 
from windows, and buildings were decorated and banners stretched 
across the streets with the announcement, "Hearty Welcome to Our 
Deliverers." Similar banners and decorations were met in many towns 
in Luxemburg through which we passed. 

Early next morning the advance was continued with the 1st Bat- 
talion the advance guard. The route was from Selange-Gras-Bet- 
tingen-Kapellen-Kehlen, to the village of Keispelt, a distance of 22 

210 



MARCHING THROUGH LUXEMBURG 

kilometers, and which carried us far into Luxemburg, where the lan- 
guage and custom was distinctly German. The language sounded 
strange to us, accustomed as we were, to the nasal twang of the French 
language. There was no mistaking the sincerity of the welcome re- 
ceived from the inhabitants of this little nation, and in addition to 
being dressed up for the occasion, fireworks of a lesser sort popped on 
all sides as we made our way from village to village. In one village 
the Mayor rode out to greet us and escort us through his town, and 
upon arriving in the town, the column was halted and the Mayor de- 
livered an address of welcome in which he explained how much it meant 
to his people to see the soldiers of the great American Government pass 
through their streets, pressing so closely on the heels of the retiring 
Boche. Upon reaching the village of Keispelt, the same difficulty was 
experienced as at Selange in obtaining billets, and part of the regiment 
was again obliged to sleep in pup tents. The troops were usually bil- 
leted in barns which had also been used by the Germans ahead of us. 
Their billeting officers marked the capacity of each barn, and when we 
reached the town where the regiment was to halt for the night, so many 
barns were assigned to each battalion and auxiliary troops, and be- 
cause of the limited number, the barns were usually filled to double 
the capacity fixed by the Germans for their troops. 

On the 22nd, the march was resumed via Gosseldingen-Lintgen, to 
billet areas, which were as follows: 1st Battalion and Machine Gun 
Company, at Weiher; 2nd Battalion at Kedingen, and the 3rd Bat- 
talion, Headquarters and Supply Companies at Altlinster. The dis- 
tance was 15 kilometers. All these places were small and without suf- 
ficient billet room, and troops were again obliged to bivouac. Some of 
the troops were given an opportunity to visit the city of Luxemburg. 
We had read of this town in our history and geography, and heard of 
it in the commercial world, but were agreeably surprised to find in it 
a spirit almost typically American, and the leading hotel sporting a 
red sign "American Automobile Association." Many of the inhab- 
itants spoke English fluently and it made us feel almost at home. The 
street signs were printed in both French and German. In the evening 
we were told that there was a dance at the Casino, the principal club 
building, and that we would be welcome to attend. Here we witnessed 
the first real dance held since the Germans entered four years ago, as 
we were told. The town people had never held dances for the German 
officers, and private dances among themselves were looked upon with 
disfavor by the German commander. Patriotic songs were being re- 

211 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

vived, and the "Marseilles" was sung with much fervor after its long 
period of silence. 

The following morning, November 23rd, we were on the road again 
and headed for the city of Echternach, a distance of 28 kilometers. The 
route was through Burglinster, Junglinster, Alttrier and Lauterborn, 
the 1st Battalion remaining in the latter village, and the 2nd going on 
through to Osweiler, and the remainder of the regiment billeting in 
Echternach. Although the march was long, and the roads hilly, every- 
one was in the best of spirits, for after reaching our destination that 
day, the first phase of the march to the Rhine would be completed and 
opportunity had for a few days' rest. Echternach is a city of about 
3,500 inhabitants and we were somewhat astonished to be allowed to 
billet there instead of Brigade or Division Headquarters, as the poorest 
villages were usually our lot. Our advance billeting party was much 
surprised to find the Mayor and members of the city council, in full 
dress suits, waiting to receive them. It was the Mayor's desire to have 
the troops received by himself and council at the edge of the town. 
The population lined the streets, and when the column reached the edge 
of the town, they were met by a band, the gendarmes, firemen and boy 
scouts, who escorted the regiment into the city, after the Mayor wel- 
comed us in French. The procession marched through the town amidst 
the shouts of the populace and the music of first their band and then 
ours. The little children carried flowers, which they showered upon us. 

Echternach is located on the boundary of Germany, being sep- 
arated from it by the River Sauer. On the opposite shore of the river, 
abrupt cliffs rose and looked frowningly down upon the smaller coun- 
try, like a great giant looks down upon his lesser foe. Our outposts 
stretched along the frontier, covering the bridges leading into Germany. 
For a week we held these posts and the stop-over was much appreciated, 
and the generous and royal treatment accorded us by the town people 
will ever hold a place in our memories. 

The 2nd and 3rd Battalions maintained the line of outposts and 
bridge guards. November 25th, the 1st Battalion moved into the city, 
and shortly afterwards, Company B arrived. A brief training schedule 
was prepared and followed, which took up particularly close order and 
disciplinary drills. 

It was at Echternach that Thanksgiving Day was spent and we 
received the only issue of pork, as a change from beef, that we had 
during our service. We also received, during our stay here, a two-day 
issue of German rations, which included canned horsemeat and cab- 
bage. The Commander-in-Chief took the opportunity, from the spirit 
of the day, to acquaint both officers and men of the expectations he 

212 





126th Infantry arriving in the public square at Longwy, November 18, 1918. 




Public demonstration when 126th Infantry entered Longwy, November 18, 1918. 




Troops of 32nd Division crossing the International Bridge at Echternach, Luxemburg, 
into Germany, December 1, 1918. 



213 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

entertained as to their conduct upon entering German territory. In 
orders he stated it was the "intention of this order to appeal directly to 
our pride in our position as representatives of a powerful but righteous 
nation, and that we came, not as despoilers or oppressors, but simply as 
the instruments of a strong, free government, whose purposes towards 
the people of Germany are beneficient ; and that during our occupation, 
the civil population would be under the special safeguard of the faith 
and honor of the American army." 

CROSSING INTO GERMANY 

So it was with this thought uppermost in our minds that we de- 
parted from the borders of Luxemburg in the early morning hours on 
December 1st, reluctantly, perhaps, and with much the same spirit as 
the proverbial school boy returns to his studies after a long vacation. 
After crossing the River Sauer we were in Prussia, which of all the 
Kingdoms of the German Empire, was the most fervent hater of the 
Allies. We were not long in noticing it, for instead of the accustomed 
joyous welcome of the civilians, we were greeted by cold stares, and the 
frightened children peered at us from behind half-closed shutters. Our 
first night's halt was in the village of Meckel, except the 1st Battalion, 
which halted at Esslingen. This battalion immediately established an 
outpost line, this being necessary every day from now on, as we were 
now in the enemy territory. The day's march was 16 kilometers and 
was via the Echternacher Bruck-Minden-Menningen-Eisenach. 

From here on our march was routed through a country of a most 
rugged and hilly nature, and over which the hiking was very difficult. 
The roads, too, were different than those over which we had come, and 
the winter rains were beginning to set in, making the roads muddy and 
disagreeable, and the poorer roads were almost impassable. By this 
time the men's shoes were giving out, and but few new shoes were re- 
ceived because no trucks could be spared to bring them up. This con- 
dition added to the difficulties of the hike, but regardless of this, the 
splendid spirit of the regiment which had carried it on to victory on 
hard-fought battlefields, now stood it in good stead, and officers and 
men determined to reach the "Rhine or Bust," even though it was neces- 
sary to do so on practically bare feet, rather than have it said of them 
that they were carried in an ambulance. 

On December 2nd, the 3rd Battalion led the advance and marched 
to the general line Metterich-Merforts, where the usual outposts were 
established, and the battalion billeted in Dudeldorf. The 2nd Bat- 
talion was billeted at Huttingen, and the remainder of the regiment at 
Moetsch. The day's march covered approximately 12 to 16 kilometers. 

214 




COLONEL WILLIAM T. MOLLISON 
Commanded Regiment from December 5, 1918, to date of its muster out. 



215 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

The 2nd Battalion had the advance guard on the 3rd, and led us over 
one of the hardest day's hikes on the entire trip. The route of march 
was via Huttingen, Gondorf, Dudeldorf, Spangdahlen, Grandst, 
Schwarzenborn, Eisenschmitt, to Grosslittgen, where the entire regi- 
ment was billeted, except Company H, which went on to Minderlittgen 
and established the outpost line. The march started at 6:00 a. m. and 
our destination was reached at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. The day's 
march was 28 kilometers and was over many long and high hills, 
making it necessary for the wagon trains to double over them. We 
remained at Grosslittgen until the morning of December 5th, and during 
our halt in this town, Colonel William T. Mollison, of the 34th Divi- 
sion, joined the regiment and took command. 

The march was resumed on December 5th, with the little city of 
Daun as our destination, a distance of 30 kilometers. The line of march 
was through Manderscheid and Blickheusen. The 1st Battalion was 
the advance guard and passed through Daun to Darscheid, where it 
was billeted, while the Machine Gun Company billeted in Wald- 
koningen. When the remainder of the regiment reached Daun, it 
found the place already filled up with Division and Brigade Head- 
quarters and Rear Echelon troops, and great difficulty was had in 
obtaining quarters for the infantry, but by dark all were set for the 
night. The hike was again taken up at 7:30 the next morning via 
Rengen, Neichen, Boxberg, Kelberg, Hunerbach, to billeting areas, the 
2nd Battalion going to Welcherath, the 3rd to Reimerath, and the 
Regimental Headquarters, Headquarters, Machine Gun, and Supply 
Companies to Bruck. The 1st Battalion marched as an independent 
unit to Mosbruck. The average distance covered was 22 kilometers. 
These little towns afforded practically no billeting accommodations 
and we were all glad to be on our way the next morning. The regiment, 
except the 1st Battalion, concentrated at Boos and marched to Mayen, 
a distance of about 30 kilometers. While the march was rather long, 
yet it was not as hard as the previous ones, for the roads ran over more 
level country, and the last five kilometers into May en were practically 
down hill. The 3rd Battalion had the advance and passed through 
Mayen to Allenz, where it established the outposts. The 1st Battalion 
marched under separate Brigade orders to Kurrenberg, where it was 
billeted, and the remainder of the regiment billeted in the city of 
Mayen. This place was a typical German city of about 15,000 inhab- 
itants, and with its numerous "Wirtschafts" and business places, seemed 
very much alive and thriving. It was a clean town, and seemed much 
more modern and industrious than French cities of similar size. The 
streets seemed full of able-bodied young men, from which it appeared 

216 



CROSSING THE RHINE 

evident that Germany had not thrown up her hands on account of lack 
of man-power or supplies, but because she had been beaten, and did 
not want the war to be brought to her own country. 

On December 8th, the 125th Infantry took over all outposts and 
the 3rd Battalion moved into Mayen. On the morning of the 9th, the 
march was resumed, with the 125th Infantry having the advance and 
our regiment following. The distance marched was short, being from 
three kilometers for some units, and eight kilometers for others. The 
2nd and 3rd Battalions were billeted at Ober-Mendig, and the re- 
mainder of the regiment at Kottenheim, and the next morning, Decem- 
ber 10th, the march was continued, the regiment forming in column at 
Thur, and marching via Kruft to Plaidt, where the 1st Battalion and 
auxiliary companies were billeted, and the 2nd and 3rd Battalions 
being billeted at Miesenheim, except one company of the 2nd Battalion, 
which was billeted in Nettehammer, where it established outposts in 
support of the 125th Infantry, which held the front along the west 
bank of the Rhine River. The next morning the 3rd Battalion moved 
from Miessenheim to Kettig. We were now within sight of the famous 
Rhine and waited rather impatiently until we should cross the river. 
At this point the river ran through a wide valley, filled with little in- 
dustrial centers, and we had our first opportunity to see some of Ger- 
many's industries. 

CROSSING THE RHINE 

The 13th of December, 1918, dawned cold and gray. A drizzling 
rain beat down upon the slowly-moving columns as they made their 
way towards the town of Urmitz and the "Rhein Briicke" (Rhine 
Bridge). The leading elements of the three American Divisions desig- 
nated to occupy the right bank of the Rhine River, crossed simul- 
taneously, and at different points. While the 126th Infantry led the 
Brigade across the German boundary, the 125th Infantry had the 
honor to lead the Brigade across this historic stream, and our regiment 
followed. The column arrived at the bridge and proceeded across 
without changing the steady marching cadence, and without any fan 
fare of trumpets, or show of ceremony, though it was a big moment in 
our lives. 

After all we had heard of this famous river, it appeared no dif- 
ferent than other rivers and was but plain water rushing on its way 
to join the sea. But new history was made, for this was the first time 
that American soldiers ever crossed this barrier to central Germany. 
After crossing the river, the regiment proceeded up through Engers and 
Weis-Heimbach, to Gladbach, where the entire regiment was billeted 

217 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

and remained over until the morning of December 15th, when the regi- 
ment started forward on the last leg of the march to the circle of out- 
posts, and the march to the Rhine was completed. Regimental Head- 
quarters, Company A, and the Headquarters Company and Sanitary 
Detachment were billeted in Kurtscheid, the Machine Gun Company 
at Ehlscheid, the Supply Company at Nieder-Honnefeld, Companies 
C and D at Ober-Honnefeld, Company B at Epgert, the 2nd Battalion 
at Horhausen, and the 3rd at Rengsdorf. 



OUR OUTERMOST GUARD 

[Lines written by Chaplain Claude Orear, of the 126th 
Infantry, suggested by John G. McCutcheon's cartoon 
entitled "Our Outermost Outpost," which represents a 
doughboy standing guard upon a castle's height — "the 
farthest American soldier on the road to Berlin."] 

When'er I close my eyes I see him yet, 
Aloft upon the castle old and gray, 
Ringed with the splendor of a golden day, 
My country's foremost guard in silhouette! 

Against that German sky, my hero stands, 
Framed in the arching ruin of ancient tower, 
Grand sentinel of Freedom's awful power, 
Where neutral zone and wide, his eye commands. 

He stands upon the tower's utmost height, 

That fragment of an early day that's dead; 

Where tyrants clothed with might and power did tread, 

Now, crowned at last, with Freedom's son of might. 

He stands the compact to enforce, laid down 
By men who heard the call and fought the fight ; 
Our doughboy stands upon the castle's height 
Above the hills, above the fallows brown. 

I see this modern Knight pace to and fro. 
His eye upon the road towards Berlin's gate ; 
To all approaching from that warring state, 
He says, "So far, no farther can you go." 

When'er I close my eyes I see him yet — 
The guardian of my country's "far-flung" line, 
A check to bold ambition's base design. 
My noble doughboy Knight in silhouette! 



218 



CHAPTER XIV 
IN THE ARMY OF OCCUPATION 



THE 125th Infantry was holding the line of outposts in the 
Brigade sector, and the 126th was in support. It had been 
planned to have each regiment hold a portion of the outpost 
line, but the 125th, being in the advance on the last day of the march, 
took over the entire line, and as all organizations in both regiments 
were established in their new billets, the original plan was abandoned 
and the 125th Infantry remained on outpost duty. No sooner were 
the units established in their new homes when a new drill schedule was 
prepared and the day following our arrival the various organizations 
began another period of intensive training. As the days wore on the 
intensive training bug became more frenzied, until it seemed as if 
someone in authority had a mania on this subject. It was naturally 
supposed that when the army that was to occupy the territory in the 
"Coblenz Bridgehead" had gained its objective, that the troops would 
be given a rest after their long and gruelling struggle, but such was not 
their portion. It was decreed by the High Command that there was to 
be no rest for either officer or soldier. Someone had the idea that we 
were not soldiers, and although we had never failed to gain our objec- 
tive, or to reflect credit on our service, we were immediately put to 
work doing close order drill until the majority of the troops were sick 
at heart with the whole affair. Then, too, we participated in maneu- 
vers to determine we did not know what, and those supposed to know 
did not tell us. 

CHRISTMAS IN GERMANY 

A shortage of food and equipment existed during the first weeks 
of our stay in the Army of Occupation, but this was soon remedied. 
December 22nd, General Pershing paid a visit to the sector held by 
the 32nd Division in the 30-kilometer circle, which composed the Amer- 
ican bridgehead, and in the course of his visit, the General inspected 
part of the troops of the 126th Infantry. On December 24th, the Divi- 
sion commander decorated members of the regiment with the "Dis- 
tinguished Service Cross," awarded for gallantry in action. Towards 

219 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

evening it began to snow, and within a few hours six inches of snow 
had fallen, covering the pine and spruce trees and the ground with a 
white mantle and, indeed, made this country appear like a fairy 
"Christmas Eve," the Yuletide now being upon us. This was the 
first snow of the season, and as the Christmas spirit imbued everyone, 
our thoughts naturally drifted to the loved ones at home. Little did 
we ever dream that we would spend "Christmas" in the German Rhine 
country, and we again offered our thanks that the bloody conflict was 
over, and hoped that ere long we should again embrace them. 

On Christmas day all troops who were not on special duty attended 
church services conducted by our chaplains in the churches of the com- 
munity. Most organizations attempted to add some extra frills to the 
noonday meal with the scanty supplies on hand in token of the day. 
But no turkey nor chicken graced the menu, and the victuals were 
served on the mess plate in the customary army manner and eaten in 
the snow. One more thing we had to be thankful for, and that was 
because the day was declared a holiday and we did not have to drill. 

Bright and early next morning we wended our way to the drill 
fields and spent the day plodding through the wet snow, doing close 
order drill and the like, with the brigade commander a critical on- 
looker. Later in the day orders were issued to the regiment to change 
billeting areas. The Division Headquarters had been established at 
Sayne, and here the rear echelon and non-combatant troops were 
stationed. Part of the regiment was billeted in Rengsdorf, which was 
sort of a health resort, with many small family hotels equipped for the 
wealthy resorters of Germany. Officers of Division Headquarters con- 
sidered it to be an ideal place for them, and the combat troops of 
infantry had to get out of the first decent homes they had since they 
left their own fireside in the States. Early next morning, December 
27th, the regiment was on the move to their new billets. Regimental 
Headquarters, Headquarters Company, and the 3rd Battalion went to 
Weis. The 1st Battalion went to Gladbach. Two companies of the 2nd 
Battalion went to Anhausen, and two to Thalhausen. The Machine 
Gun Company marched to Meinborn, and the Supply Company billeted 
on the cross-roads north of Gladbach. Many miles separated us from 
the 125th Infantry, which we were supposed to be supporting, and 
according to sound military principles, we should have been directly 
behind them. We established ourselves in our new homes, and here 
we remained until we started for the United States, except the Regi- 
mental Headquarters and Headquarters Company, which later moved 
to Sayne on account of the crowded condition in Weis. 

The drill mania was again commenced the day after our arrival in 

220 



ARMY OF OCCUPATION 

our new billeting area and continued without interruption, except that 
New Year's day was declared a holiday. The snow had disappeared 
but the weather was cold and the ground froze hard every night, and 
during the day, when the sun did shine, it became soggy and muddy, 
making the work most disagreeable. The daily drill monotony was 
varied by "Alert" movements and practice for "Divisional Reviews." 
The "alert" exercise was based upon the supposition that the Germans 
might suddenly make an attack on our lines, in which case the "alert" 
was to be sounded and the troops were to gather their equipment and 
march to positions previously assigned to them for such an event. We 
had several such exercises, and each time packs were rolled and put 
on the back and the several units marched to their assumed positions, 
and when these were reached, the troops stood around in the cold for 
hours, until the order to return was received, when the troops marched 
back to their billets. These exercises were timed, and after it was 
over and a good record believed to have been made, we were informed 
we were too slow, and should have done it in half the time. This exer- 
cise always reminded one of the game of "hare and hounds," except 
that usually the hounds in this game came out in a Cadillac. 

The weather during the months of January, February and March, 
1919, was anything but suitable for outdoor drilling, for it was cold 
and a drizzling rain, which usually turned into snow, fell nearly every 
day. During this time the troops were required to follow out an in- 
door or hot weather drill schedule out of doors. This schedule per- 
mitted of very little moving around and in consequence much suffering 
resulted from the cold. The drill hours were from 7 o'clock in the 
morning until 4:30 in the afternoon, practically consuming every hour 
of daylight. In February, every company had rifle practice on impro- 
vised rifle ranges, and this training was also carried out according to 
an arranged schedule. This work required the troops to lie on the cold 
ground, and many a severe cold was thus contracted. But there was 
no way of avoiding this mania for intensive outdoor training in winter 
time, as it was ordered by higher authority and had to be endured. 
The drill schedule provided for indoor instruction in the nature of lec- 
tures, on days when the weather was inclement, but this was always a 
difficult matter to determine, for if it did not rain or snow at the precise 
moment the General appeared at the drill field, he insisted on the troops 
being there, notwithstanding it may have been pouring rain for hours 
before and up to within five minutes before his arrival, and in spite of 
the fact that the drill field would be a mile or more from company 
headquarters. 

Then, too, we never lacked company in our daily work. Every 

221 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

time we turned around we were greeted by gentlemen who were called 
"inspectors." No one knew where they came from, but they arrived in 
swarms and always in a limousine. What these gentlemen didn't know 
wasn't worth mentioning. None of them were seen during the recent 
engagements on the fighting fronts, and it was the general conclusion 
that they acquired their skill around the vicinity of Paris or inspecting 
conditions around Nice during those bloody days. One of these, after 
graduating with honor from Princeton, acknowledged he was par ex- 
cellence at inspecting garbage cans, for hadn't that been his occupation 
for the past year and a half? No medical officer knew as much as he, 
according to his own words. It was generally understood that these 
gentlemen were especially instructed to always find fault, and if they 
ever made a favorable report, their soft berth was in jeopardy. One 
company commander was unfavorably reported by one of these so- 
called "inspectors," because his records disclosed only three court- 
martials of men in his command during its entire service. Something 
was wrong with that unfortunate company commander in the estima- 
tion of the inspector. These individuals became so obnoxious that we 
almost preferred service on the battlefield, where we were never 
bothered by them, than to this service in the Army of Occupation after 
the Armistice. 

During our service here, the troops were kept strictly within the 
bounds of the little villages in which they were billeted; no one being 
allowed to go beyond these limits without a pass and, in fact, when 
evening came the men were tired and had little desire to go anywhere. 
We learned that the French troops occupying the Bridgehead on our 
right, did no drilling of any kind and only maintained their outpost 
line. The English, on our left, only drilled about four hours each week. 
However, our strenuous duties were somewhat aleviated by granting 
leaves from one day to two weeks to the soldiers, the number of leaves 
thus granted being limited, but every man had an opportunity to visit 
Coblenz and enjoy a trip up or down the Rhine River, which in this 
vicinity is the most interesting and beautiful part of this famous 
stream. A great many were fortunate in obtaining leaves to Paris, but 
their pleasure was usually spoiled by the constant demand of the Mili- 
tary Police to explain their right to be there to the Provost Marshal. 

During this time troops were continually being transported home, 
and everyone was anxiously awaiting the time when our turn to start 
for home should come. Orders were received stating that men court- 
martialed would be required to remain in France for duty with labor 
battalions after their organization left for the States. And the fear 
of being left behind put all the men on their good behavior, and little 

222 



COLONEL WESTNEDGE 

grumbling was heard of the strenuous work; but notwithstanding the 
morale was on the decline. In March, the hours for drilling was modi- 
fied. The afternoon drill was replaced by at least one hour of athletics, 
and a schedule of athletic contests was provided. These included con- 
tests between the organizations in the regiment and between indi- 
viduals. Baseball and football teams were organized and a schedule 
of games played. A marathon race of eleven kilometers was held with 
entries from the entire Division, which race was won by men from 
the regiment. Boxing shows and entertainments were given about one 
or two evenings each week, the talent being supplied from among the 
soldiers, which helped to relieve our thoughts from the daily grind. 

It was not until late in January that the regiment first learned that 
Colonel Joseph B. Westnedge died in the Base Hospital, No. 11, at 
Nantes, France, and on February 2, 1919, the entire regiment assem- 
bled in a field north of Gladbach, where memorial services were held 
for our beloved Colonel. Chaplain Patrick R. Dunnigan, who was now 
Chief Chaplain for the 3rd Army Corps, made the principal address. 

COLONEL JOSEPH B. WESTNEDGE 

Death at last must close the story of every life. But of that life 
the good that we do lives after us rather than the evil. When it is a 
life spent in the pursuit of happiness, or in selfish ambition, it assumes 
a solemn hue. But when it is the result of a life worn to shreds for 
the service of others, it becomes magnificent in its splendor. It could 
not be that all would return, for the prize to be gained could only be 
purchased by the sacrifice of life and energy. Those of our number 
who are not privileged to return, become our most precious contribu- 
tion to the onward march of democracy. They become, too, a heritage 
for those yet unborn ; an inspiration for them to serve as they served, 
to make this world what God would have it be. Though no longer to 
contribute in the flesh, their deeds will form a chapter in the book of 
ideals that nourishes those who would be great. It is in the memory 
of our glorious dead that we find those impulses that urge us on to 
better and more noble men. 

Some rest behind the trenches of Alsace, some from the Ourcq to 
the Vesles. Some with the gallant French in the region of Soissons. 
Some, yes many, in the now quiet woods of the Argonne, and yet some 
near the hospitals in the rear, and some in German soil at Coblenz. 
The most notable of our number was Colonel Joseph B. Westnedge. 

It is, however, as a military man that we are most interested in 
Colonel Westnedge, and it is here that he finds his true element. A 
soldier by nature, yet disinclined to enter the service as a life work, 

223 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

because of his mother's wishes. Captain of a company during the 
Spanish-American War, Lieutenant Colonel in the Mexican Border 
Service, and a Colonel of a regiment in the World War. His was not 
an artificial military nature, the growth and training of stern and rigid 
discipline, but that of the natural born fighter and leader of men. 
Tactics he knew, but his chief asset was his indomitable spirit, which 
carried him through what seemed to be impossible situations. His was 
not the nature to reckon the cost; his was to gain objectives, for he 
knew no danger himself and would lay down his life unhesitatingly 
for the success of his country's cause. He reckoned the regiment to be 
of the same stuff, and because every officer and man in the regiment 
knew he put that confidence in them, they did what he would have 
them do. Discipline that is the result of training, has its legitimate 
place and cannot be dispensed with, but when the line is reached and 
death stares in the face, the machine type of discipline breaks down, 
and then it is that the stuff of real leadership shows itself. This was 
repeatedly demonstrated in the war we so recently passed through, 
when companies stayed in the front line for weeks at a time, when it 
seemed that the stoutest heart must break from sheer mental and 
physical exhaustion. It is only self-respect that keeps men there and 
Colonel Westnedge made every officer and man in the regiment feel 
that the success of the battle depended upon their individual efforts. 
It is largely due to the fighting spirit that he had instilled in the regi- 
ment from the beginning, that made the battle record of the 126th 
Infantry what it is. 

November 6, 1918, just five days before the Armistice, he was 
forced to leave his regiment just when the first grey lights of the day 
that was to dawn could be seen, when the curtain would be drawn after 
four years of the most bitter strife in history. He stayed too long. 
Prudence would have dictated that he go sooner, but his nature would 
not give in. He would not leave his regiment in the front line, he said, 
and clung on, hoping the little sickness would wear off. He loved his 
men and would have no comfort they could not have, and shared their 
hardships with them. No position was too dangerous for him if he 
thought his duty was there. Time and again he was cautioned by higher 
officers not to expose himself to needless danger, for his services to the 
regiment as a whole would far outweigh any advantage that might be 
derived from his being at an advanced position. But he knew, some- 
how, how much his presence would mean to those who lived in fox holes 
and what an inspiration it would be to them to know that he, with his 

224 



PERSHING REVIEWS DIVISION 

indomitable will, was there to share with them their dangers. He re- 
newed the fighting spirit of his men by his presence. 

It was only through accident that his death became known to the 
regiment. It struck the regiment like a thunder clap. In every orderly 
room or billet, in officers' mess or mess line, the words, in sorrowful 
tones, could be heard, "Colonel Joe is dead." Each felt he had suffered 
a personal loss. The memory of dead comrades was still fresh in the 
minds of different members of the regiment, but this was a sorrow for 
all. His memory may some day be commemorated in some form by 
his fellow citizens, but no monument will ever surpass the wave of 
sublime sorrow that in this moment engulfed the regiment. 

For an officer, the test is whether or not the men under your com- 
mand respect you and follow out your will freely. Authority that has 
to be asserted is not real authority and breaks down under the vital 
strain. In camp it is a small matter to have a soldier disciplined for 
failure to carry out an order, but when the battle line is reached, it is 
not so easy a matter to put the "Fear of God," as it is sometimes re- 
ferred to, into a man. When a man sees the enemy before him, no fear 
that can be used from the rear will drive him forward. It is then that 
the honor and pride of an organization comes into play. The men of 
the 126th Infantry loved and respected Colonel Westnedge, because 
they knew he was every inch a soldier. The affection for him led them 
to go out of the way to do personal favors for him and to make him 
comfortable, and this affection and regard was mutual. His service 
for his country will always be cherished by those who served under him. 

DIVISIONAL REVIEW 

The Divisional Review and Inspection by the Commander-in- 
Chief of the A. E. F., General Pershing, on Saturday, March 15, 1919, 
was the first event of that nature participated in by the Division while 
in France. On this day the Division presented a martial display of 
splendor and magnificence, for it was a veteran division with an envi- 
able battle record, now drawn up on enemy soil it had helped to subdue. 
Any military ceremony is more or less impressive to witness ; we pause 
to watch an ordinary guard mount or company inspection, but an 
entire division, composed of physically clean young Americans, with 
hair trimmed, clean-shaven, shoes dubbined, uniform spotless, with 
their polished bayonets glistening in the sunlight, and the wagon trains, 
machine gun carts, and artillery as clean and glossy as paint and brush 
or soap and water could make them, is most inspiring. 

The inspection and review was held about a kilometer north of 
Dierdorf, Germany. But a few clouds were in the sky, and the air was 

225 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

just cool enough to make overcoats comfortable. The bands of the 
division were massed on the left of the reviewing stand, all bands being 
present except the 126th Infantry band, it being absent on concert 
work. The infantry regiments were formed in column of platoons in 
massed formation, with the Headquarters Company, Machine Gun 
Company and Sanitary Detachment each attached to one of the bat- 
talions. Ranks were opened and, to facilitate the inspection, the front 
rank of each platoon about faced. 

General Pershing, mounted, first inspected the divisional trains 
and artillery, then dismounted to inspect the infantry. His keen eye 
scanned every one, from Colonel to private, and from head to foot. 
Frequently he congratulated the commanders upon the appearance of 
their commands. The inspection completed, ranks were closed and 
those to be decorated were arranged in line in front of the center of the 
Division, where each officer and soldier present was personally com- 
mended by the General. 

This ceremony over, the Division passed in review, the troops in 
the infantry regiments executing a right face and the battalions march- 
ing in line of platoons. Immediately following the review the entire 
Division was grouped as closely as possible and listened to an address 
by General Pershing, in which he congratulated and thanked the Divi- 
sion for its fine spirit and the splendid work it did on the battlefields 
of France. 

In a letter addressed to Major General William Lassiter, com- 
manding the 32nd Division at this time, after his visit, General Pershing 
expressed himself on the record of the 32nd Division as follows: 



AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES 

Office of the Commander-in-Chief 

France, March 24, 1919. 
My Dear General Lassiter: 

"Please extend to the officers and men of the 32nd Division my sincere com- 
pliments upon their appearance and upon the splendid condition of the artillery 
and transportation at the review and inspection on March 15th. In fact, the con- 
dition of your command was what would be expected of a Division with such a 
splendid record. 

"After training for several months following its arrival in February, 1918, it 
entered the line in Alsace and held this sector until the time of the Aisne-Marne 
offensive, when it moved to that active front. On July 30th, it entered the line on 
the Ourcq, and in the course of its action captured Cierges, Bellevue Farm and 
the Bois de la Planchette. The attack was resumed on August 1st, the Division 
pushing ahead until it crossed the Vesle, and captured the town of Fismes. On 
August 28th, it again entered the line and launched attacks which resulted in the 
capture of Juvigny at the cost of severe casualties. During the Meuse-Argonne 

226 




1. German woman serving hot chocolate just before our departure for the U. S. 

2. On board the Luckenbach bound for home. 

3. The Rhine bridge, near Engers, which the 126th crossed in taking its position in the Coblenze 
bridgehead. December 13, 1918. 

4. Another view on board the Luckenbach. 

227 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

offensive the 32nd Division entered the line on September 30th, and by its per- 
sistence in that sector it penetrated the Kriemhilde Stellung, taking Romagne 
and following the enemy to the northeastern edge of the Bois de Bantheville. On 
November 8th, the Division took up the pursuit of the enemy east of the Meuse 
until the time when hostilities were suspended. 

"Since the signing of the Armistice the 32nd Division has had the honor to 
act as a part of the Army of Occupation. For the way in which all ranks have 
performed their duties in this capacity, I have only the warmest praise and ap- 
proval. The pride of your officers and men, justified by such a record, will insure 
the same high morale which has been present in the Division during its stay in 
France. I want each man to know my appreciation of the work he has done and 
of the admiration in which he is held by the rest of his comrades in the Amer- 
ican Expeditionary Forces." Sincerely yours, 

JOHN J. PERSHING. 

DIVISIONAL REVIEW BY GENERAL MANGIN 
On Sunday, April 14, 1919, the Division was once more assembled 
on the fields north of Dierdorf, where it was reviewed by General 
Mangin, under whom the Division fought while with the 10th French 
Army in the Soissons region. General Mangin was the commander of 
the French troops composing the French Army of Occupation in the 
"Mainze Bridgehead." It was on this occasion that General Mangin 
pinned the French "Croix de Guerre with Palm" upon the colors of the 
regiment for its service before Juvigny, mention of which is made in 
another chapter of this history. After this ceremony the Division 
passed in review before General Mangin, and afterwards the troops 
were assembled close together and the French General addressed the 
Division, and in very nice words thanked the Division for the service 
it rendered while in France. 

PREPARING TO GO HOME 

Early in April, 1919, the regiment received word to prepare for 
early departure from the Army of Occupation area to a seaport for 
transportation across the Atlantic to "God's Country." Everyone was 
in high spirits at this news, and the necessary preparation for departure 
was begun at once. This, of course, necessitated volumes and volumes 
of paper work and the clerical force of the various organizations worked 
valiantly to have this part of the preparation complete without delay, 
many working until late into the nights. Also, all equipment not 
carried by the troops were turned in. Service records were completed 
and final payrolls made out, and soon the Regiment was ready for the 
word to move. Finally, the entraining orders were received, which pro- 
vided that the auxiliary troops and the 1st and 3rd Battalions shall 
entrain at Bendorf, and the 2nd Battalion at Neuwied, and that all 

228 



PREPARING TO GO HOME 

troops would leave their area on April 19th, and proceed to their 
entraining points. 

The sector vacated by the 32nd Division was to be taken over by 
the 1st and 2nd Divisions and all equipment left behind was delivered 
to these organizations. Before leaving our billets, everything had to 
be policed and cleaned, and a corps of inspectors appeared on the 
scene to check up on how well the work was done. With this com- 
pleted, the various battalions gathered their equipment and fell in line 
waiting for the word to march. 

During these last minutes the townspeople came out to bid us 
goodbye, and many of the gentler sect were seen to be wiping tears 
away from their eyes. During our stay in Germany many close 
acquaintanceships were formed with the inhabitants and these people 
hated to see us leave. While the German people generally hated the 
French and English, they did not have that feeling towards our troops, 
and these people in the American sector had considered themselves for- 
tunate in having American troops occupying their territory instead of 
the troops of the other Allies. They were thankful for it, as during our 
entire stay everything was quiet and peaceful in the territory the 
Americans occupied, while other sections of the country not so occupied, 
were continually contending with spasmodic outbreaks and riots against 
the government. 






; ^ L. 




HAND-TO-HAND FIGHTING IN THE MEUSE-ARGONNE BATTLE. 
(Pen Sketch) 



229 



CHAPTER XV 
DEPARTURE FOR THE UNITED STATES 



ON APRIL 19th, all the units of the Regiment began the first 
stage of the long and last journey which was to mark the finish 
of this war for our men. On this day the troops journeyed to 
their various entraining points and by night all troops had loaded into 
our old friends, the "40 Hommes or 8 Cheveaux." It was now over 
seven months since we had last seen these dear friends of ours, but in- 
stead of cursing them, we now gently caressed them, as they were to 
take us on that journey we had all so often thought about and hoped for. 

The floors of the side-door pullmans were covered with straw, 
which was some improvement over former method of travel, but the 
springless cars jolted the troops in the same old way, yet none com- 
plained, as we were going home now, and if necessary, riding in the coal- 
tender would not have been refused. The regiment moved in three 
trains, the first train leaving Bendorf at noon, April 19, 1919, and the 
last train, carrying the 3rd Battalion, leaving Bendorf early Sunday 
morning, April 20th. The route from Bendorf was through Coblenz, 
where the Rhine River was crossed, and Trier, Metz, then into France 
again, passing through Toul, Chaumont, Bourges, Tours, Le Mans, to 
Brest. It was a long journey and required about three days. Arriving 
at Brest, the troops unloaded and marched to the great American camp, 
Camp Pontenezen, where we were housed under canvas once more. 

Thousands of troops passed through this camp daily on their way 
back to the States. Trains were continually bringing new troops from 
the interior as fast as troops were taken to the harbor and loaded on 
waiting transports, and the number handled increased daily. The ever- 
increasing number of troops at this camp required continual enlarge- 
ment of the camp to accommodate them, and the comforts of the camp 
was continually being improved, and road construction work was going 
, on all the time. The regiment had hardly arrived in camp when de- 
tails for men to work on the roads came down from Camp Headquar- 
ters, but everyone was light-hearted and happy at the thoughts of soon 

230 



RETURN TO THE UNITED STATES 

being home and went at their work in the same spirit that character- 
ized the service of the regiment throughout the war. 

This was the first time that we had the opportunity of seeing the 
waters of the Atlantic and ocean steamers since we passed through this 
port some fourteen months before, and every man availed himself of 
the opportunity and hoped they would embark on the morrow. We 
were told that the average time for troops to remain in Brest was five 
days, so we did not expect to tarry long. While at Brest every man 
was given a bath, whole companies being under the showers at one 
time. After the bath the men were inspected for vermin and then given 
clean underwear and uniforms. This inspection was made weekly. A 
cold, drizzling rain fell nearly every day during our stay at Brest, and 
it was said by the inhabitants that this region don't have more than 
seven weeks of sunshine throughout the year, which statement was not 
disputed by us. 

At last orders came for the regiment to be ready to embark, but 
the orders only provided for the 1st and 2nd Battalions and the auxil- 
iary units, and the 3rd Battalion was not included. In the morning of 
April 28th, these troops marched to the docks and went on board the 
Francis J. Luckenback, a small merchant freighter. Colonel Mollison 
and twenty other officers embarked at the same time, the remaining 
officers of these organizations being left behind and temporarily at- 
tached to the 3rd Battalion on account of lack of accommodations 
aboard ship. Toward late in the afternoon the ship put out to sea 
and soon ran into a storm, which lasted two days and kicked up a 
heavy sea, driving the ship a hundred miles off its course, and the port 
of Boston was not reached until May 14, where the troops immediately 
entrained for Camp Devens. 

The 3rd Battalion was split up and on May 7th, Companies I and 
L embarked on a transport and sailed for New York, where they 
arrived on May 20th, while Companies K and M left Brest May 9th 
and embarked on the English ship Valacia and arrived in New York 
May 22nd, where all four companies entrained for Camp Mills. While 
the regiment was waiting in these debarkation camps the men were 
grouped according to demobilization camps at which they were to be 
mustered out, and on May 18th, the troops at Camp Deven assigned 
to Camp Custer entrained for Detroit, where a big reception was 
tendered to them and the troops paraded through the streets of the 
city. From Detroit these troops went to Grand Rapids and Kalamazoo, 
where they also paraded and were entertained, and then went on to 

231 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

Camp Custer, where they were mustered out of the military service on 
May 22, 1919. 

The officers of the regiment left behind in Brest were assigned as 
casuals and boarded the transport Im-perator and arrived in New York 
May 24th, and later were discharged at demobilization camps nearest 
their homes. The companies of the 3rd Battalion were kept together 
in groups as they had arrived in New York, and on May 26th, Com- 
panies I and L left Camp Mills, and going by way of Grand Rapids, 
where they paraded and a reception was tendered them, arriving in 
Camp Custer May 27th, and were mustered out of the service May 
28th, while Companies K and M left Camp Mills May 28th and went 
direct to Camp Custer, where they arrived May 29th, and were mus- 
tered out of the service the following day. 

The remainder of the men in the regiment were sent to nineteen 
different demobilization camps, located from New York State to the 
State of Washington, and from Ohio to Arkansas, where each were 
honorably discharged from the service of Uncle Sam, and thus ended 
the service of the 126th Infantry in the greatest war of all time, with a 
record of achievements second to none and to which every member can 
always, in later years, point with pride. 



i 









ON THE MARCH TO THE RHINE. 



232 



CHAPTER XVI 
THE REGIMENTAL AUXILIARY TROOPS 



BEFORE closing this book a word should be said of the service of 
the auxiliary companies of the regiment. A complete Infantry 
Regiment contains, in addition to its regular composition, groups 
of men, who are specially instructed in the various branches and arms 
of the service produced for the first time by this war. Among these 
groups is the regimental intelligence and scout section, and to its mem- 
bers much credit is due for the service rendered by them. This sec- 
tion was habitually distributed among the regimental and battalion 
headquarters, so that an account of their activities is of necessity 
interwoven with that of the company or battalion to which they were 
attached. This section was a part of the Intelligence Department and 
it was not created until after the regiment arrived in France. 

While the regiment was completing its final training near the 
Alsace front, a part of its personnel were detailed to attend specialty 
schools, which were established in the A. E. F., for the purpose of 
receiving special instruction upon how to acquire information and 
intelligence concerning the enemy. The other Allies had their trained 
specialists in this kind of service and were using them to advan- 
tage. These men were instructed in the duties of scouts, snipers and 
observers, and together constituted the Intelligence Department. The 
intelligence section furnished patrols, kept the enemy under constant 
surveillance, and obtained information needed by the higher commands. 
Just previous to the laying down of a barrage for an attack, it was 
their duty to verify and correct the safety zone between the advance 
troops and the line from which the barrage would start. They also 
furnished guides to direct commands at night to positions in the line. 

A working knowledge of the requirements of their duties were 
quickly acquired by our men, and possessing qualities of aggressive- 
ness and initiative, an important essential for this kind of work, 
soon were able to function most efficiently, while the regiment occu- 
pied the front sector in Alsace, and in all the service that followed. 

It was reorganized after every offensive, and functioned on the 
march to the Rhine, and while in the area of occupation, broadened 

233 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

its scope to keep constantly in touch with the economical, social and 
political conditions in Germany. In all the service in France, the 
regimental intelligence section acquitted itself in the same aggressive 
manner that characterized the regiment throughout, and successfully 
accomplished their purpose as a department of the regiment. 

The same must be said of all the other auxiliary branches and 
arms of the regiment as has been said of the intelligence section. The 
signal platoon carried out its part in the operations of the regiment 
in a highly successful manner. The principal duty of this platoon was 
to maintain communication by telephone line, lamp signals, carrier 
pigeons, and other devices, between the regimental headquarters and 
the battalion headquarters. Frequently it happened that the tele- 
phone lines would be severed by artillery fire, and then the men of 
this platoon would go out through the artillery fire, many times at 
night, to find the break in the line, and as minutes mean all during a 
battle, they never failed to restore the lines of communication in a 
minimum of time. 

The Stokes mortar platoon and the One-Pound Cannon platoon 
are known as the infantry's own artillery, and both were with the 
regiment constantly, ready for instant use should occasion demand. 
But in all our engagements the regiment was the aggressor and 
moving forward, so that little opportunity was had for these two 
valuable weapons to come into their own. During the latter part of 
the Meuse-Argonne Offensive, the one-pounders were allowed to go 
into action, and handled in the most credible manner by the men of 
this platoon, they fulfilled the highest expectations of their originators 
for the few days that they were permitted to become engaged. The 
Pioneer platoon and Orderly section were also on constant duty with 
the regiment and performed their work fearlessly and in the same 
cheerful spirit which prevailed throughout the regiment. To the band 
section fell the duty, in addition to those of furnishing music and 
entertainment for the regiment, of furnishing litter bearers and bury- 
ing details, whenever the regiment was in action, which work fre- 
quently had to be done under fire. 

The medical officers of the Sanitary Detachment always placed 
their first aid dressing stations as near the front line as possible, ever 
ready to give their best efforts to relieve the pain and dress the 
wounds of our wounded, and the enlisted personnel accompanied the 
attacking troops and rendered first aid on the battlefield. Wearing 
a red cross on their sleeves, they continually exposed themselves while 

234 



THE AUXILIARY TROOPS 

going from place to place to aid the wounded, and their conduct won 
the admiration of every doughboy. 

The Supply Company was responsible for the maintainance of 
supplies, equipment, ammunition and rations for the entire regiment. 
The duties of this organization were most important, because upon 
it depended, in a large measure, the success of the regiment. The 
troops of this unit were on duty for twenty-four hours at a time, haul- 
ing ammunition and rations to the front line. In all kinds of weather 
they carried on, over roads that seemed impassable, and which tried 
the spirit of both officers and men, but made of the same stuff as the 
remainder of the regiment, they never faltered and always had the 
most needed supplies where they should be. This company was fre- 
quently commended by higher commanders for the manner in which 
the animals and equipment were kept, and for the many times that 
the company succeeded in keeping up with the regiment over congested 
roads, when other similar organizations failed. 



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A STREET SCENE AFTER ARRIVING IN ECHTERNACH, LUXEMBURG. 



235 



CHAPTER XVII 

COMMENTS BY THE DIVISION AND BRIGADE COM- 
MANDERS ON THE REGIMENT AND DIVISION 



HEADQUARTERS SEVENTH ARMY CORPS 
AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES 

GERMANY 



April 1, 1919. 
First Lieut. Geo. H. Talbott, 
Historian, 126th Inf., 32nd Div. 
Sayn, Germany. 
My Dear Mr. Talbott: 

I have your letter of March 12th, asking for a brief statement giving my views 
as to the worth of the 126th Infantry during the great war. You state in your 
letter that "Whatever may be in your heart for the 126th Infantry, will be appre- 
ciated by the whole regiment." 

Should I attempt to express what is in my heart for the 126th Infantry and 
for the other splendid units constituting the 32nd Division, I could not, in the 
first place, find adequate expressions for conveying these feelings; nor would 
there be sufficient space in the brief allotment for such a statement in the history 
of the regiment. 

With respect to the 126th Infantry, my feelings are those of great admiration. 
The forcefulness of its Commander, Colonel Joseph B. Westnedge, who com- 
manded the regiment from its organization until the close of its last battle, is but 
a part and parcel of the same spirit of forcefulness and the will to do in the 126th 
Infantry which has been one of the most pronounced causes for the wonderful 
successes of the 32nd Division as a fighting unit. Never once did I have a doubt 
in my mind in regard to the regiment reaching its objectives. In the fight near 
Juvigny, when the regiment relieved a French unit during the night, I sent the 
Commander of the Regiment word that an advance was to be made about day- 
light on his right, and that if he were ready to make an advance on his part of 
the line, to do so behind a barrage that would be laid down at a certain minute; 
but that he, as the commander on the field, must use his own judgment in the 
matter, because his officers had not had an opportunity to make reconnaissances. 
A short half-hour after the time set for this advance, I received a message from 
Colonel Westnedge, stating that he had reached his objective and taken a "hell of 
a lot of prisoners." This has been the spirit of the 126th Infantry throughout all 
the operations. Never did I have to hesitate about placing this regiment into 
difficult positions; wherever they were placed, I knew that the best that was in 
them would be forthcoming. It has been a great honor to me to have under my 
command during all of its battles such a splendid organization, and I take pleasure 

236 



COMMENTS BY COMMANDERS 

in bearing testimony to the many valiant deeds and acts of heroism performed by 
the individuals composing this organization, and by the regiment as a fighting unit. 
I desire to pay particular tribute to its Commander, Colonel Joseph West- 
nedge, whose loyalty to his superior officers and his energy in training his own 
men and preparing them for battle, were no less than his wonderful courage during 
all the actions in which the 32nd Division took part. I shall never forget my last 
conversation with him; it was just before the attack on the Kriemhilde Stellung 
was made. I had, on occasions, seen him farther to the front, habitually, than I 
thought the Regimental Commander should be. I told him before going into this 
action that I did not want him to expose himself to such an extent as to be 
caught by the enemy's bullets, for I could not afford to lose him. He smiled, and 
said: "They can't get me." Then, when all the fighting was over, he was taken 
suddenly ill, was evacuated to a hospital and there died. He is a great loss to the 
army as a soldier, and to the country as a citizen. W. G. HAAN, 

Major General, U. S. A. 



MAJOR GENERAL W. G. HAAN, ON THE 32nd DIVISION 

February 11, 1919. 

1. The 32nd Division, as it went into battle, was composed of approximately 
two-thirds National Guard and one-third drafted men. The spirit of the Divi- 
sion was due entirely to the spirit that was built up in the Division when it was 
composed wholly of National Guard troops and before it left Camp MacArthur, 
Texas. In building up a Division spirit the Division Commander had most loyal 
support and assistance, particularly from the two Brigade Commanders of Infantry, 
Brigadier General C. L. Bordman, from Wisconsin, and Brigadier General L. C. 
Covell, from Michigan. To these two officers must also be given credit for the 
energetic work in training their units in accordance with the theory announced by 
the Division Commander and the schedules based upon War Department instruc- 
tions. To these officers, as well as to other National Guard officers of high grade, 
must also be given most loyal support on account of their conscientious assistance 
in eliminating officers unfit for war service. Nearly all officers that were eliminated 
as unfit for war service were eliminated upon the recommendations of National 
Guard officers and they went before Boards, where that became necessary, com- 
posed entirely of National Guard officers. The high spirit of the Division made 
itself felt even in those early days, because it seemed to me even then that the 
Division fully realized that we were not training merely in theory, but that we 
were training to actually go into battle, in consequence of which it became the 
more important that all officers unfit to lead men for any cause whatsoever had to 
be gotten rid of. Most of these officers recognized their own deficiencies and 
willingly quit. To their credit, it should be said that they quit with heavy hearts. 
Here, again, came in the spirit of loyalty in these men, which was so manifest from 
the beginning and which grew day by day as the training progressed. 

2. Upon arrival in France, everyone knows what a heartsick feeling went 
through the Division when it was announced that it was to be a Replacement 
Division. The very heart seemed to drop out of it. Nevertheless, the two 
Brigade Commanders stood firmly by the Division Commander and told the men 
that someone had to do this work and that in order to do it well, the better 
trained organizations were, the better it would be for the army as a whole. With 
this spirit the Division began to get ready replacements and send them forward. 
Two thousand were sent to the First Division and I have heard it expressed by 

237 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

many officers that these two thousand men, together with nine Captains that were 
sent were the very flower of our Division and were undoubtedly the cause of much 
of the success that was so soon to be credited to the First Division. 

3. Not only was the Division made a Replacement Division, but three of its 
regiments were assigned as labor troops in the S. O. S. — perhaps the most humili- 
ating thing to happen to any troops who believe themselves justly to be well 
trained considering the period of their training. But this training in itself kept 
them from complaining, and when they received their orders, upon repeated in- 
vestigations and requests of the Division Commander, to come to the training area, 
a revived spirit was seen through the Division and when the hope was held out to 
them that they might again be made into a Combat Division, their joy really 
sector relieving the larger part of two French Divisions. 

4. Four short weeks after assembling in the training area at Prauthoy, the 
Division was transported by rail to Alsace, where it was immediately placed in the 
had no bounds and they went to work with a will. 

5. During the short period that the Division had been a Replacement Divi- 
sion, nearly half of its infantry had been taken away and, consequently, when it 
began training for a temporary combat Division again, many replacements had to 
be moulded into the organizations, including officers and men, but the old spirit 
of the Division predominated and it was but a short time — a surprisingly short 
time — when these new troops, many of them but little trained, not only became 
efficient in their work, but thej^ came to like the Division, and through a process 
which seemed almost contagious, never wanted to serve with any other Division. 
This is the spirit that has constantly existed in the 32nd Division. I have seen no 
such manifestation of personal liking for each other among any organization, and 
among men and among officers, as has always manifested itself in the 32nd Divi- 
sion. For these reasons, naturally, I have become greatly attached to the Divi- 
sion. I frequently shall feel, when the Division goes home and I stay in France, 
as if I were an orphan far from home and friends. 

6. I have spoken above of the spirit of the Division that was manifest before 
it entered into any of its great battles. Its conduct in these battles has already 
been published, but it cannot be too highly praised. Everywhere, always, the 
results were greater than I had expected and in many cases equal to what I had 
hoped for. These successes, of course, added greatly to perhaps not the affection, 
but the pride among the members of the Division, and particularly so with the 
Division Commander and the Division Staff and the higher commanders. It was 
pride, together with the spirit of comradeship and liking for each other, that 
carried the front line troops many times into and over most difficult obstacles. 
It was this spirit that overcame the strong position of the Ourcq; it was this spirit 
that stormed Fismes and Juvigny; it was this spirit that carried the key position 
of the Kreimhilde-Stellung — La Cote Dame Marie. 

7. My own personal liking for the Division on account of its fine response to 
my attempts for its training naturally grew as time passed, and grew even faster, 
I think, on account of the rewards that were handed to me by the higher author- 
ities on account of the word of the 32nd Division. I feel very certain that I owe 
this Division m.v promotion to a Major General (temporary grade) and Brigadier 
General in the Regular Army, and a Corps Commander. I have, therefore, per- 
sonal reasons which alone would be sufficient to make me feel grateful to the men 
of this Division; but which are small in comparison to a feeling of admiration and 

238 



COMMENTS BY COMMANDERS 

pride that has manifested itself throughout the entire time, from its organization 
until the close of its last battle, and even on its march to the Rhine. 

W. G. HAAN, 
Major General, U. S. A. 



GREETINGS TO THE REGIMENT FROM BRIGADIER GENERAL 

FRANK R. MoCOY, COMMANDER OF THE 63rd BRIGADE 

FROM SEPT. 2 TO NOV. 25, 1918 

Tours, France, April 14, 1919. 
First Lieut, Geo. H. Talbott, 

126th Infantry, A. E. F, 
Sayne, Germany. 
Dear Lieut. Talbott: 

In answer to your letter asking for a greeting to the officers and men of your 
fine old regiment : I find myself very full of feeling and remembrances, and hark 
back to my first meeting with your Colonel, the day I reported for duty with the 
63rd Brigade in the Old Croutte, crowded with French and American P. C.'s in 
front of Juvigny. The Brigade had been relieved the night before, after its 
splendid effort and successful advance on Juvigny, and the 64th Brigade found 
itself up against that hot corner, which you all remember so well; and quite 
understand why General Winans was asking to have the 128th Regiment sup- 
ported by at least one battalion of the 126th. An entire stranger to you all, I 
at once felt confident, after a talk with Colonel Westnedge, and still more so when 
he was followed by Major Cathcart, who came in to get final instructions before 
moving up again with his battalion. 

That was significant of what happened in all the other fights in which the 
Division took part. If not in the front line yourselves, you were in close support 
of it, and no matter how gruelling the fight, Westnedge and his officers and men 
were ready to move forward against the Boche or relieve any other regiment in 
front or on either flank. But my full confidence was established after the fight, 
when, one dark night, the telephonic order came to withdraw from in front of 
Terny-Sorney, with the intimation that the Division was to leave Mangin's 10th 
French Army and join the 1st American Army. This order came about 3 o'clock 
in the morning, and the Brigade Adjutant sent out the orders for the relief by 
the French without waking me. In the morning I found the Brigade on the 
march, headed down the Aisne, and by 11 o'clock the whole show was in billets 
and reacting as though nothing had happened, and with nothing left behind! In 
spite of the fierce fight and the heavy losses, everybody was in fine fettle and 
ready for the next one. It is an easy thing to fight when you are put at it and 
full of ardor, as the Yanks always are, but it is a different game to pick up on a 
dark night and withdraw from the enemy without leaving anything or anybody 
behind, and to do it as quietly and quickly as did the 126th that night, and often 
later on in the gruelling fights in the Meuse-Argonne offensive. Under Colonel 
Waldo the supply system kept up with the fighting, and our Yanks never went 
hungry. 

A very small proportion of soldier time is spent in actual fighting, but there 
is a lot of waiting and marching and training, and in the next few weeks I was 
able to size up the Regiment, got to know the younger officers, and felt proud 
to lead them in the great final offensive north of Montfaucon. 

It will take a lot of talking and thinking for us to straighten out the fighting 

239 



.. . .. 




MAJ. GEN. WILLIAM G. HA AN, U. S. Army, Commanding 32nd Div. 
BRIG. GEN. LOUIS C. COVELL, U. S. BRIG. GEN. FRANK McCOY, U. S. Army, 



Nat. Guard, Commanding 63rd Inf. Brio 



Commanding 63rd Inf. Brig. 



240 



COMMENTS BY COMMANDERS 

and moving during those gruelling three weeks of October, but there is one proud 
memory that the 126th can always have; that it was the first regiment to dent 
the famous Kriemhilde Stellung, when it broke through and first saw Romagne- 
sous-Montfaucon full in the face ; and later on the regiment, with the 3rd Battalion 
in the lead, took advantage of the hole which Gansser, of the 125th Infantry, had 
made further to the west, attacked and captured the famous LaCote Dame Marie 
and enabled the whole Division to work through to the north of the Bois Banthe- 
ville, where it was the point of the arrow for the whole army. The proud totem 
of the Red Arrow commemorates that. 

General Haan thinks that was the best day's work the Division ever did. 
I am sorry to say that I did not have command of the 126th that day, for you 
were operating with the 127th under General Winans, while I was in command of 
the 125th, and the 128th moving on your right by Romagne to the Bois 
Chauvignon. 

From then on it was comparatively easy going, and during the period in sup- 
port of the 89th and 90th Divisions, the 126th was reorganizing, training replace- 
ments and getting ready for the final fling. 

From the Bois de Montfaucon we moved northeast and were held ready to 
take up the pursuit of the Boche across the river, headed toward Montmedy, 
when we were suddenly switched to the right of the 5th Division, crossing at 
Dun-sur-Meuse, over the heights of the Meuse and down into the plain of the 
Woevre, ready for another attack, when the clock struck 11 on the 11th of Novem- 
ber and found us acting very strangely in the quiet and light of peace. I have 
never forgotten how peculiar the lighted windows and campfires looked that same 
night. 

A few days more and the regiment was following after the Boche, and made 
some fine marches through Longwy and across Luxemburg to the German frontier. 
There I was suddenly ordered away to other duty, and left the regiment with the 
feeling that I belonged to it. 

I hope to see you off at Brest, and wish you bon voyage, and some time I 
shall go to Michigan for the express purpose of seeing you and talking over our 
great times together. Faithfully yours, 

FRANK McCOY. 



ORDER ISSUED IN THE ARGONNE 

P. C. 64th Brigade, 
October 13, 1918. 
Hour, 14:45. 

ORDER OF THE DAY 

Soldiers of the Front Line : 32nd Division. 

A few hundred yards to the north of you the remnants of the decimated 
crack divisions of the German Army are clinging desperately to the pivotal point 
of their bruised and broken lines, on which the fate of their Emperor and their 
Empire hang. 

The 32nd Division was sent to this sector to shatter that line. You are shock 
troops— "Les Terribles," the French call you. "Fightin' Sons-of-Guns," the Amer- 
icans call you. You are the very flower of our army. And you who remain up 
there in front have been tried by fire. The skulkers have skulked— the quitters 
have quit. Only the men with "guts" remain. 

Machine Guns? You have captured thousands of them. And you have taken 

241 




CAPT. FRED W. BEAUDRY, Co. H CAPT. JOHN F. GIRARD, Co. D 

Killed in action Aug. 2, 1918, near Sergy. Killed in action Oct. 5, 1918, near Cierges. 

CAPT. RICHARD F. SMITH, Co. F, killed in action Aug. 4, 1918, near Fismes. 

1ST LT. HAROLD J. KING, Co. F 1ST LT. IDEN E. CHATTERTON, Co. H 

Killed in action Oct. 10, 1918, near Romagne. Killed in action Oct. 6, 1918, near Cierges. 



242 



AN ORDER TO THE SOLDIERS IN THE FRONT LINE 

them standing up. The only way to take machine guns is to take them. No use 
lying down on the ground. They have plenty of ammunition and they aim low. 

Shells? Shell casualties are only 3 per cent of the total. 

Tired? You have been in the line two weeks. Your enemies have been in 
five weeks — prisoners say that they have gone through HELL. 

The 32nd Division is going ahead when the First American Army attacks. 

We are three regiments abreast, with one in support. Each echeloned in 
depth — one battalion behind the other, except the one on the extreme right. 
That one mops up Romagne — the others go forward. This formation will give 
you driving power. 

The Americans must succeed. It is not enough to say, "I'll try." 

Your resolve must be, "I will." 

I desire this order of the day be communicated to every man in the command 
before H hour. WINANS, 

Brig. Gen. 



A DOUGHBOY'S IDEA OF THE COLORS 

There's many flags we've fought for, 
Of many a varied hue, 
But the one we shed our blood for 
Was the Red, the White and Blue. 

Red seems the valiant color 
To a soldier in the lines, 
Kind of beckons to a feller 
When he's having bitter times; 
When the shells are bursting thickly 
And there's hot machine gun fire, 
It encourages the sickly 
And it never lets them tire. 

White are the things behind us, 
When we're wounded in the fray, 
It stops our hurts and blinds us 
To the pains of yesterday; 
Kind of speaks of white-clad nurses, 
And of cool and pleasant ward, 
And it dulls the sound of curses 
As the battle line sweeps forward. 

Blue is the haze at twilight. 

After the day is done, 

And we've battled hard for what is right 

And we rest at the setting sun; 

It stands for lots of grit, boys, 

To see the action through 

And it means we've given up our joys 

That's what it stands for — Blue. 

These are the things we've fought for, 
To these sentiments been true, 
Our comrades gave their lives for 
The Red, the White and Blue. 

— R. Norman. 



243 




1ST LT. DONALD C. McMILLAN, Co. G 
Died Aug. 5, '18, from wounds received Aug. 1,'IS. 

2ND LT. ERK M. COTTRELL, Co. F 
Killed in action Oct. 9, 1918, near Romagne. 

2ND LT. RICHARD E. COOK, Co. H 
Killed in action Aug. 4, 1918. 



1ST LT. THOS. E. M. HEFFERAN, Co. M 

Killed in action Aug. 1, 1918. 
2ND LT. ARTHUR I. KELLER, JR., Co. I 

Killed in action Aug. 1, 1918. 
2ND LT. CHARLES R. WILBER, Co. B 
Killed in action Oct. 3, 1918, near Cierges. 



244 



CHAPTER XVIII 

EXTRACTS FROM NEWSPAPER AND MAGAZINE ARTICLES 
REFERRING TO THE 32nd DIVISION IN THE WAR 



(From the New York Herald of November 23, 1918) 

GALLANT 32nd HAS FOUGHT 20 GERMAN "CRACK" DIVISIONS 

(Special Telegram to the Herald) 

From Burr Price 

When the American Army of Occupation started its march toward the Rhine 
on November 17th, one of our crack divisions, the Thirty-second, was celebrating 
an anniversary. Just six months before, this division first planted the American 
flag on German soil in Alsace. On May 17th, Michigan and Wisconsin men came 
under enemy shell fire, and from that date to November 11th, the division has 
outranged the Boche guns. Only ten days after its turn in the trenches the Thirty- 
second Division chased the Boche from the Ourcq to the Vesle. Then it went to 
a sector north of Soissons and stormed Juvigny Plateau, fighting side by side 
with the heroic "Poilus" of General Mangin. After that victory with the French 
it had a rest for ten days before getting ready for the final drive. The American 
army's scrap north of Verdun was but three days old when the Thirty-second went 
in, and for the next three weeks the Michigan and Wisconsin boys battled the 
Boche for Kriemhilde Stellung. It was they who finally broke through the key 
position of "La Cote Dame Marie," from which they then pushed on to F'reya 
Stellung, pushing the Boche gunners out of Bantheville Wood. They carried the 
line up to the point where the final attack, on November 1st, was launched, and 
followed in support of the divisions which crossed the Meuse at Dun and captured 
Stenay. In the last few days of the war the Thirty-second went into line in the 
Meuse bridgehead sector, and with the French, were in the midst of an attack 
when the armistice stopped fighting. During the war the division has fought on 
five fronts — Alsace, the Vesle, Soissons, Argonne and the Meuse — and has fought 
twenty of Germany's best divisions, among them the Prussian Guards. It has 
never yielded a yard of ground to the enemy's counter-attacks. 



FOUGHT FIRST TO LAST 

Bore Burden of the War 

Nation's Thanks Due Men of 1st, 2nd, 26th, 32nd and 42nd 

Extracts from Article written by 

George Rothwell Brown 

Magazine Writer 

Five Divisions of American troops bore the brunt of all our fighting in 

France from our entrance into the war up to the day the armistice was signed. 

Other divisions played a splendid part in the hard fighting our soldiers did, but 

245 




MAJOR JAY C. McCULLOUGH MAJOR EARL R. STEWART 

LT. COL. GEORGE C. WALDO 
MAJOR ALBERT C. WILSON MAJOR JOHN H. SCHOUTEN 



246 



"HELD THE BRIDGE" FOR ARMY 

the war ended before most of them were in condition fit to be called combat troops. 
The five divisions which heroically sustained the terrible burden of the war 
while America gathered up her strength and prepared other troops to aid them, 
were the First and Second, the Twenty-sixth, the Thirty-second, and the Forty- 
second. Of these the first two are regular divisions. The other three are National 
Guard divisions from New England, from Michigan and Wisconsin, and with 
respect to the Forty-second, or Rainbow Division, from every part of the country. 

"HELD THE BRIDGE" FOR ARMY 

Thus three-fifths of the troops which "held the bridge" while the National 
Army was mobilizing, were State troops. How magnificently they upheld the 
traditions of America on every American front during the war is imperishably 
written in a record of which their countrymen may well be proud. 

Other divisions, both Regular, National Guard and National Army, aided 
materially in winning the war. They are entitled to full credit, and they will 
receive it. But the five divisions I have named, as is well known and gladly 
admitted throughout the A. E. F., are especially deserving of the thanks of the 
Nation. 

Through these heroic divisions, more men have passed than originally com- 
posed them, and although the other divisions that reached the front paid their toll 
in blood also, they suffered no such casualties as were sustained by the group of 
five that bore the brunt because they were ready first to go into the line. 

CONTINUOUSLY AT FRONT 

Since the time they first went into the line these five divisions fought con- 
tinuously on every front, in every defense and in every offensive in which Amer- 
icans took part. From the time the First took the initiative at Cantigny for the 
first time, in May, down to November 11th, they were America's only shock 
troops, the best we had. And they were used to the limit of human endurance, 
yet never faltered. 

These five divisions never had any rest. When their ranks were thinned by 
shot and shell, they were filled by replacements, and the old spirit enabled them 
to absorb the new men and make them veterans. 

These five divisions bore the brunt of the fighting at Chateau-Thierry and on 
the Marne, from June to August, and came out shattered in all but heart and 
courage. Without rest, they had to be put into the St. Mihiel offensive, in Sep- 
tember, where again they were the shock troops. Without rest, they were thrown 
into the fighting in the Argonne. It had to be done. Most of the other divisions 
were not yet sufficiently seasoned to fight alone. Most of them were to receive 
their baptism of fire in the Argonne and on the Meuse, where they were to prove 
that they needed only training and experience in action to become as good as 
the best. 

With the exception of the Twenty-sixth, which came out of the offensive near 
Verdun with only 18,000 men, these divisions were sent right off on the long 
march into Germany. Again, they could not be replaced. 

Every soldier in France is proud of his own division, and he has a right to be. 
But with the chivalry and modesty of soldiers who know the truth and want noth- 
ing but the truth, every soldier in France will bow his head at the mention of 

247 




MAJ. WILLIAM C. RANKIN, M. C. 
MAJ. EDWARD B. STROM 
CAPT. JESS W. CLARK 



MAJ. WILLIAM H. BURKE 
MAJ. M. W. HINGELEY 
CAPT. WALTER N. BURGESS 



248 



CONTINUOUSLY AT FRONT 

these five heroic divisions— three of which were composed of the once despised 
National Guard. I have never been a believer in the National Guard system, but 
I know that if these National Guard divisions had not been ready with the out- 
break of the war, we could not have turned the trick. We could not have helped 
to win the war without the selective draft and the National Army, nor could we 
have done what we did without the National Guard. 



"THE NATIONAL DEBT" OF ECHTERNACH 
AND HOW IT WAS PAID 

Their joy at meeting us was plain to see, 

In truth they were as glad as glad could be. 

They met us on the road to Echternach, 

They built us arches under which to walk; 

They shouted loud and filled us full of talk, 

With a "Hip! Hail! Ze Amerique! 

Hip! Hail! Deliverers of nations zat are weak!" 

But their national debt was a burden hard to bear, 

Still they bore it with a patience that was rare. 

It hung about their necks— a mighty rock; 

It had busted all the banks of Echternach. 

They owed a million marks to Kaiser Bill, 

They owed another million to the crown, 

They owed the standing army's pay, and still 

They owed the debts their fathers handed down. 

They owed for the bridge that spanned the river Sauer 

And the national debt was growing every hour, 

With a "Hip! Hail! Ze Amerique! 

Hip! Hail! Deliverers of nations zat are weak!" 

And now good fortune smiled on Echternach, 
For trade was getting better every day. 
The banks began to issue preferred stock, 
When Uncle Sammie's boys had drawn their pay, 
They bought up all the wines and snops and beers, 
They bought 'em out of toys and souvenirs; 
They paid the "gast hous" twice the sum agreed, 
'Twas certain Echternach had now been freed. 
The citizens were looking bland, when lo! 
The H. Q. orders came that we must go. 
With a "Hip! Hail! Ze Amerique! 
Hip! Hail! Deliverers of nations zat are weak!" 

So we healed the sickly state of all her grievous wounds, 

As we gladly marched away to the bugle's glorious sound, 

They stood upon the street and shouted as before, 

For when "zat" nation weak had counted up her store, 

She found that she didn't owe a single phennig more. 

And what became of us she didn't give a damn 

For the national debt was paid by the boys of Uncle Sam. 

With a "Hip ! Hail ! Ze Amerique ! 

Hip! Hail! Deliverers of nations zat are weak!" 

— Claude Orear, Chaplain. 



249 




CAPT. EMIL B. GANSSER, Co. M CAPT. JAMES SINKE, Co. K 

CAPT. JOHN BENNER, Co. B 
CAPT. ARTHUR VOLLAND, Co. I CAPT. ROSCOE L. GRAVES, Co. A 



250 



CHAPTER XIX 
THE 126th INFANTRY'S HONOR MEN 



The following is a list of all officers and men in the regiment who 
were awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, the French Legion of 
Honor, the Croix de Guerre, and other decorations. This list is com- 
piled from all available information we have been able to procure, but 
it is believed that the list is not complete, as decorations have been 
received by many men since the regiment was mustered out, and these 
men are requested to forward information of the same to the Associa- 
tion's headquarters: 

COL. JOSEPH B. WESTNEDGE, F. & S., D. S. M. and Croix de Guerre. 

LT. COL. JAMES CATHCART, F. & S., D. S. C. 

MAJOR WILLIAM H. BURKE, F. & S., Croix de Guerre. 

MAJOR PATRICK R. DUNNIGAN, F. & S., Croix de Guerre. 

CAPT. JAMES M. WILSON, F. & S, D. S. C, Legion of Honor and C. de G. 

2ND LT. DONALD E. PERRY, F. & S, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. BEN F. FOGLESONG, Co. A, Croix de Guerre. 

CORP. GLENN GRAVES, Co. A, Croix de Guerre, 

SGT. WM. E. HAMILTON, Co. A, Croix de Guerre. 

PFC. OKEY PRICE, Co. A, Croix de Guerre. 

PVT. 1CL. ISIDORE VISSILLO, Co. A, Croix de Guerre. 

1ST LT. LELAND E. WHEELER, Co. A, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. RANCY R. KAIN, Co. C, D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 

CORP. STEPHEN V. SHIPMAN, Co. C, D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. ORRIE THOMPSON, Co. C, D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. ARTHUR AAMOT, Co. D, D. S. C. 

SGT. HENRY D. DYE, Co. D, D. S. C. 

CORP. ROBERT J. KLINE, Co. D, D. S. C. 

SGT. MAXWELL E. SMITH, Co. D, D. S. C. 

CORP. GUSTAVE MICHALKA, Co. E. Croix de Guerre. 

2ND LT. JAMES C. BLANEY, Co. F, Croix de Guerre. 

1ST LT. HAROLD J. KING, Co. F, D. S. C. 

PVT. GEORGE S. DOWNING, Co. G, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. GEORGE A. HOPKINS, Co. G, D. S. C. 

PVT. 1CL. WILLIAM E. HURST, Co. G, D. S. C. 

SGT. RICHARD LANDER, Co. G, Croix de Guerre. 

CORP. GEORGE A. POHL, Co. G, D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 

PVT. HARRY C. SWIFT, Co. G, D. S. C. 

1ST LT. PHILLIP TINDALL, Co. G, D. S. C. 

1ST LT. JOHN R. DE VALL, Co. H, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. RUDOLPH HEMMES, Co. H, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. WILLIAM LUZINSKI, Co. H, D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. GEORGE RINALDI, Co. H, Croix de Guerre. 

PVT. JOSEPH W. GUYTON, Co. I, Croix de Guerre. 

CORP. CLARENCE L. HINKLE, Co. I, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. EDWARD HORRIGAN, Co. I, Croix de Guerre. 

251 




HEADQUARTERS GROUP 
1ST BATTALION 

Bottom row (from left to right) : 1st 
Lt. Shanahan, Chaplain ; Capt. 
Cameron, M. C. ; Major Hingeley, 
Bn. Commander; 1st Lt. Nettleton, 
Adjt. ; 1st Lt. Seitz, M. C. 

Second row: Pvt. lcl. Moran, Corp. 
Triestram, Bn. Sgt. Major Sher- 
man, Corp. Lennon, Pvt. lcl. Flint. 

Third Row: Pvt. lcl. Dean, Pvt, Hon- 
dorp, Pvt. DeWitt, Pvt. lcl. Reich- 
ert, Pvt. lcl. Dunham, Pvt. lcl. 
Ackerman. 

Top row : Pvt. lcl. Lynn, Pvt. lcl. 
Murley, Pvt. lcl. Garber, Pvt. De- 
Boer, Pvt. lcl. Donahue, Pvt. lcl. 
Jordan. 



HEADQUARTERS GROUP 
2ND BATTALION 

Bottom row (from left to right) : 
Sgt. L. C. Barnett, Bn. 
Sgt. Maj. J. M. Lof strom, 
2nd Lt. G. D. Taft, Adjt.; 
Major J. T. Potter, Bn. 
Commander ; 2nd Lt. G. F. 
Enders, 2nd Lt. J. J. Fox. 

Second row: Pvts. C. T. Hanck, 
lcl. H. J. Drake, lcl. W. T. 
Spearman, lcl. C. C. Simons, 
N. Hereim, Corp. A. R. Dier, 
Corp. C. Hamann. 

Third row: Pvts. lcl. J. R. 
Roughton, lcl. C. D. Hum- 
mel, Corp. H. F. Mills, Pvts. 
lcl. B. A. Rich, H. S. Eley. 

Top row: Pvt. lcl. R. M. 
Herron, Sgt. R. B. Waldo, 
Pvts. lcl. J. I. Hollahan, lcl. 
C. C. Hare, lcl. E. Murphy, 
H. G. Hermes, O. D. Haves, 
lcl. H. D. Corwin, Corp. W. 
B. Hayes. 




HEADQUARTERS GROUP 
3RD BATTALION 

Bottom row (from left to right) : Capt. 

L. W. Chilton, M. C. ; Lt. Col. 

J. O. Cathcart, Bn. Commander; 

1st Lt. H. A. Quirt, Adjt. ; 1st Lt. 

F. H. Spotts. 
Second row : Corp. H. J. Townley, 

Pvts. C. Waldbridge, F. Berry, J. 

Donham, Sgt. R. Hemmes, Pvt. B. 

Humphrey, Bn. Sgt. Major F. 

Pennell. 
Third row: Pvt. lcl. L. McMaster, 

Corp. J. E. Vogt, Pvts. M. Ott, 

H. Brier, C. W. Bischopberger, E. 

Pearsall, G. Rozema. 
Top row : Pvts. F. Redson, F. Thomp- 

soiij C. Pearson, F. Moore, W. 

Weiman, W. Hart, W. Borths. 



252 



THE 126th INFANTRY'S HONOR MEN 

SGT. WILLIAM LININGER, Co. I, D. S. C. 

PVT. ALBERT L. LUCE, Co. I, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. HARRY MANSFIELD. Co. I, D. S. C. 

SGT. OSCAR A. RUNDQUIST, Co. I, D. S. C. 

CORP. LAUREL SHORE, Co. I, D. S. C. 

SGT. CARL BANKS, Co. K, D. S. C. 

CORP. BARNELL C. CARR, Co. K, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. CHARLES CUNNINGHAM, Co. K, D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 

1ST LT. SIDNEY ELEVELD, Co. K, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. ALEXANDER SALIK, Co. K, D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. NICHOLAS SMITH, Co. K, D. S. C. 

SGT. EDGAR C. TAYLOR, Co. K, D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. CORNELIUS VONK, Co. K, Croix de Guerre. 

PVT. 1CL. CHARLES F. COMISKA, Co. L, Croix de Guerre. 

MEC. GUTHBERT COURYNER, Co. L, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT LYMAN T COVELL, Co.-L, C. de G. and Chevalier of Leopold II. 

PVT. FRANK W. FRESSE, Co. L, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. ARTHUR E. HAWKS, Co. L, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. LEWIS HUDSON, Co. L, Croix de Guerre. 

CORP. ERNEST A. SHEER, Co. L, D. S. C. 

CORP. JERROLD B. THOMPSON, Co. L, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. ROY WEBSTER, Co. L, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. JAMES D. BABCOCK, Co. M, Croix de Guerre. 

1ST LT. CHAS. E. H. BATES, Co. M, D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre, 33rd Div. 

PVT. 1CL. CHARLES L. BECK, Co. M, D. S. C. 

SGT. JOHN BREMER, Co. M, Croix de Guerre. 

CORP. WILLIAM EDSALL, Co. M, D. S. C. 

SGT. DANIEL F. GERBER, Co. M, Croix de Guerre. 

CORP. HENRY G. GRIFFEN, Co. M, D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 

CORP. ALBERT KRZYKWA, Co. M, D. S: C. 

PVT. 1CL. FREDERICK McCLEMMENS, Co. M, D. S. C. 

CORP. FRANK R. MAREK, Co. M, D. S. C. 

PVT. 1CL. ALBERT NEITZEL, Co. M, D. S. C. 

SGT. ARTHUR B. PEHRSON, Co. M, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. MATHEW POST, Co. M, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. FRANK H. RAYMOND, Co. M, D. S. C. 

SGT. WILLIAM R. SMITH, Co. M, Croix de Guerre. 

PVT. 1CL. JAMES A. TAYLOR, Co. M, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. WALLACE W. WALTMAN, Co. M, Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. IRA L. WESTCOTT, Co. M, D. S. C. 

PVT. 1ST CL. WENDELL WILSON, Co. M, Croix de Guerre. 

PVT. 1CL. JOHN J. ZELDAM, Co. M, D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. DOUGALD FERGUSON, M. G. Co., D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. BUG. THEODORE KUTSCHINSKI, Hq. Co., Croix de Guerre. 

1ST LT. WALTER L. SHIRLEY, Hq. Co., Croix de Guerre. 

PVT. JOHN C. CASEY, San. Det., Croix de Guerre. 

CAPT. JACOB COHEN, San. Det., Croix de Guerre. 

CAPT. LEO J. CRUM, San. Det., D. S. C. and Croix de Guerre. 

SGT. HAROLD A. DAWSON, San. Det., D. S. C. 

SGT. JOHN G. FOWLE, San. Det., D. S. C. 

MAJOR ORRA L. NORRIS, San. Det., Croix de Guerre. 

MAJOR WILLIAM RANKIN, San. Det., Croix de Guerre. 

PVT. 1CL. HOWARD E. WAITE, San. Det., D. S. C. 

Many members of the regiment were cited in orders but not 
awarded decorations and a list of them is not available. 



253 




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254 



CHAPTER XX 

COMPLETE ROSTER OF THE 126TH INFANTRY REGIMENT 

DURING THE WORLD WAR, INCLUDING ALL 

CASUALTIES 



The following pages contain rosters of the officers and men who 
served with the 126th Infantry during the World War. These rosters 
are arranged by companies and contain over 7,300 names, and are as 
complete as it is possible to make them with the records available. 
While these rosters have been prepared with great care, there may be 
errors in some cases due either to incomplete or no records available, 
and in such cases the adjutant of the association should be notified. 
Because of lack of space, the record of each individual soldier is pre- 
sented in a condensed and abbreviated form, and the following infor- 
mation is given to guide the reader : 

Each soldier in the group or company pictures is numbered and 
to find the name of any soldier, look for his number in the first column 
of his company roster, and his name is opposite such number. 

The * (asterisk) on the left of each name indicates the soldier is 
an original member of the company or regiment. The greater number 
of replacement troops joined in groups on five occasions, and their 
arrival can be determined by first battles in which soldier participated. 
The first replacements joined at Camp MacArthur, Waco, Texas, in 
October and November, 1917. The second group joined in the 10th 
Training Area, Champlitte, France, April 24, 1918. The third group 
joined in the Soissons area, the fourth in the Joinville area in Septem- 
ber, 1918, and the fifth joined October 24, 1918, during the Meuse- 
Argonne Offensive. 

The "rank" of each soldier appears at top of column. 

The "battle engagements" are indicated by letters, as follows: 

"A" — Alsace Defensive Sector. 

"CT" — Chateau-Thierry or Aisne-Marne Offensive. 

"S" — Soissons Sector or Oise-Aisne Offensive (Juvigny). 

"MA" — Meuse-Argonne Offensive. 

"AO" — Army of Occupation. 

255 



HISTORY OF THE 126th INFANTRY 

Casualties are indicated thus: "K"— Killed. "DW"- Died of 
wounds. "DS"— Died of sickness. "W"— Wounded. "G"— Gassed. 
"SS" — Shell shocked. "P" — Prisoner of war. The date of casualty 
follows in order, month, day and year. In cases where soldier died of 
wounds, date of death is given first, and date of wound follows in 
parenthesis. 

The following abbreviations are used: "Tr." or "Transf," for 
transferred; "Fr." for from; "Hosp." for hospital; "Regt." for regiment; 
"Assgnd." for assigned; "SOS" for service of supply; "Com." for com- 
missioned; "Hqrs." for headquarters; "ACS" for Army Candidate 
School. 

ROSTER OF FIELD AND STAFF 

COLONELS 

*WESTNEDGE, JOSEPH B. Com. Feb. 7, 17. Kalamazoo, Mich. Commanding regt. at 
its organization. Evacuated sick to Hosp. Nov. 6, 18. Died in Base Hosp. at Nantes, 
France, Nov. 26, 18, of pneumonia and other complications induced by gas burns. 
MOLLISON, WILLIAM T. Com. May 24, 16. Faribault, Minn. Arrived in France Oct. 
26, 18, with 136th Inft., 34th Div. Joined regt. Dec. 5, 18, and assigned to command. 
LIEUTENANT COLONELS 

*FALARDEAU, ELI V. Com. Feb. 7, 17. Big Rapids, Mich. Lt. Col. at organization of 
regt. Left regiment Dec. 28, 17, at Camp MacArthur, Texas. 

*WALDO, GEORGE C. Com. May 21, 17. Detroit, Mich. With 31st Mich. Inft. at call 
into service July 15, 17. Attached to Hqrs. 32nd Div. at reorganization of Brigade. 
Assigned to regt. Dec. 28, 17. Transferred to U. S. Nov. 2, 18. 
CAZIARC, ELLIOTT. Assigned to duty with regt. Nov. 5, 18. Assigned to command of 

regt. Nov. 8, 18. Relieved from duty with regt Nov. 19, 18. 
MEYER, HENRY A. Assigned to command of regt. Nov. 6, 18. Relieved from command 

Nov. 8, 18, and did not rejoin. 
BOWMAN, EVERETT M. Com. Aug. 7, 18. Arrived in France Nov. 1, 18, with 814th 
Pioneer Inft. Joined regt. Dec. 22, 18. Transf. to 2nd Div. Mar. 31, 18. 

*CATHCART, JAMES O. Com. Mar. 18, 19. Detroit, Mich. Captain of and commanding 
Co. G at organization of regt. Assigned to command 2nd Bn. Aug. 16, 18. Com. Major 
Oct. 8, 18. Relieved from command 2nd Bn. Mar. 18, 19, and attached to Regimental 
Headquarters. Assigned as Lt. Col. Mar. 31, 19. 

MAJORS 

*DUNNIGAN, PATRICK R. Flint, Mich. Com. Captain and Chaplain Sept. 9, 14, and was 
with regt. at organization. Gassed in action Aug. 1, 18, near Cierges. Returned to duty 
after first aid. Detailed Divisional Burial Officer Sept. 15, 18. Detached service at 
Hqrs. 32nd Div. Dec. 13, 18. Transf. to Hqrs. 5th Army Corps. Com. Major and 
Chaplain after leaving regt. 

*STEWART, EARL R. Com. Aug. 14, 05. Grand Rapids, Mich. Commanding 3rd Bn. at 
organization of regt. Transf. to Army Staff College, Langres, France, Sept. 24, 18, and 
did not rejoin. 

*McCULLOUGH, JAY CHARLES. Com. Feb. 19, 11. Lansing, Mich. Commanding 1st 
Bn. at organization of regt. Transf. to 1st Army Corps Hqrs. Aug. 15, 18, and did 
not rejoin. 

*WILSON, ALBERT C. Com. May 21, 17. Ann Arbor, Mich. Commanding 2nd Bn. at 
organization of regt. Relieved from 2nd Bn. June 20, 18. Transf. to S. O. S. July 2, 18. 

*SCHOUTEN, JOHN H. Com. Feb. 7, 17. Grand Rapids, Mich. Commanding 2nd Bn., 
32nd Mich. Inft. Attached to 3rd Bn. at organization of regt. Detailed as Commander 
Artillery Range. Camp MacArthur, Texas. Accidentally injured left shoulder at Camp 
MacArthur. Evacuated to Base Hosp. No. 17, May 20, 18, and did not rejoin. 
DAVISON, PAUL R. Com. June 7, 18. Chicago, 111. Arrived in France Mar. 28, 18, with 
15th Cavalry. Joined regt. July 8, 18, and assigned to command of 2nd Bn. Slightly 
gassed in action Aug. 5, 18, near Fismes. Evacuated to hosp. and did not rejoin. 

*McCORMICK, CHARLES L. Com. Sept. 5, 18. Big Rapids, Mich. Captain and com- 
manding Co. I at organization of regt. Attended Army Staff School, Langres, France, June 18 
to July 20, 18. Assigned to command of 1st Bn. Aug. 18, 18. Assigned to command of 3rd 
Bn. Sept. 24, 18. Relieved of command 3rd Bn. Oct. 11, 18, and attached to Supply Co. 
Detailed as Liaison Officer to 5th Div. Relieved from duty with regt. Nov. 10, 18. 
TAYLOR, W. H. S. Com. Aug. 15, 17. Port Huron, Mich. Joined regt. Nov. 12, 18, and 
assigned to command of 1st Bn. Arrived in France, Oct. 6, 18, with casuals. Relieved 
from command 1st Bn. Dec. 5, 18, and relieved from duty with regt. Feb. 2, 19. 

*MARTIN, WILLIAM H. Com. Sept. 5, 18. Saginaw, Mich. Joined regt. Nov. 16, 18, 
and assigned to command of 3rd Bn. 

*WILSON, GUY M. Flint, Mich. Assigned to temporary command of regt. Nov. 19 to 

Dec. 5, 18. Rejoined 125th Inft. 
HINGELEY, M. W. Com. July 3, 17. Los Angeles, Cal. Arrived in France with 34th Div. 
Joined regt. Dec. 5, 18, and assigned to command of 1st Bn. From assigned to attached 
March 16, 19. 

256 



ROSTER OF FIELD AND STAFF 

*BURKE, WILLIAM H. Com. Mar. 16, 19. Ionia, Mich. Second Lt., Co. D, at organiza- 
tion of regt. Com. 1st Lt. Dec. 4, 17. Detailed Acting Adjutant 1st Bn. June 8, 18, 
and Scout Officer 1st Bn. June 22, 18. Appt. Regimental Operations Officer July 30, 18. 
Com. Capt. Sept. 5, 18. Assigned to command of 1st Bn. Apr. 18, 19. 

*STROM, EDWARD B. Com. Mar. 16, 19. Grand Rapids, Mich. First Lt., Co. M, at 
organization of regt. Assigned to Co. I June 19, 18. Com. Capt. July 29, 18. Detailed 
as Regimental Adjutant Aug. 15, 18. Assigned to command of Co. M Oct. 12, 18. 
Assigned to command of Hqrs. Co. Dec. 9, 18. From assigned to attached to regt. Mar. 

16, 19. From attached to command of 2nd Bn. Apr. 26, 19. 

POTTER, JAMES T. Com. Mar. 18, 19. North Adams, Mass. Arrived in France Oct. 24, 

17, with 104th Inft. Joined regt. Sept. 6, 18, and assigned to Co. D. Attended Army 
Service School Sept. 12 to Oct. 24, 18, and attached to Co. H. Assigned to command of 
2nd Bn. Mar. 18, 19. From assigned to attached to regt. Apr. 26, 19. 

CONNOR, M. C. Joined regt. as Captain Nov. 16, 18, and assigned to Co. K. Assigned to 
Field and Staff. Transf. to 26th Div. Feb. 19, 19. 

CAPTAINS 
*DE RIGHT, JOHN P. Com. Apr. 22, 15. Kalamazoo, Mich. Regimental Adjutant at 

organization of regt. Transf. to Army Staff School Aug. 14, 18, and did not rejoin. 
*MEYERS, CHARLES R. Com. Oct. 15, 18. Kalamazoo, Mich. Second Lt., Co. C, at 

organization of regt. Com. 1st Lt. Dec. 4, 17. Assigned to 1st Bn. as Adjt. May 12, 

18, Assigned to command of Co. F Aug. 25, 18. Wounded in action Aug. 29, 18, near 
Juvigny, and evacuated to hosp. Returned to duty Oct. 7, 18, and assigned to Co. F. 
Detailed to Regimental Adjutant Oct. 12, 18. Assigned to command of 3rd Bn. Nov. 6, 
18. Detailed Regimental Adjutant Nov. 14, 18. Sick in hosp. Nov. 22 to Dec. 22, 18. 
Returned to duty and detailed Regimental Intelligence Officer. Detailed Regimental 
Adjutant Jan. 6, 19. 

*MacDONALD, JOSEPH A. (See Captains, M. G. Co.). 

*HARRISON, BURTON P. Com. Nov. 8, 18. Detroit, Mich. Sgt., Co. H, at organization 

of regt. Com. 1st Lt. Sept. 5, 18. Detailed Regimental Liaison Officer Sept. 19, 18. 

Detailed Regimental Operations Officer Nov. 15, 18. Detailed Personnel Officer Dec. 14, 

18. Summary Court Officer, Dec. 17, 18. 
PETERS, CHARLES G. Com. Mar. 16, 19. Union, W. Va. Enlisted July 31, 17. Com. 

2nd Lt. Sept. 25, 18. Arrived in France Apr. 14, 18, with Supply Co, 1st Army Hqrs. 

Joined regt. Sept. 16, 18, and assigned as Adjt., 1st Bn. Com. 1st Lt. Nov. 9, 18. 

Attached to Hqrs. Co. Mar. 26, 19. 
WILCOX, DEY W. Com. Mar. 16, 19. Battle Creek, Mich. Com. 2nd Lt. Nov. 27, 17. 

Joined regt. June 6, 18, and assigned to Co. D. Gassed near Dieffmatten (Alsace 

Defensive Sector) June 19, 18. Returned to duty June 22, 18. Assigned to Co. F Sept. 

3, 18. Detailed 2nd Bn. Munitions Officer Sept. 19, 18. Com. 1st Lt. Oct. 15, 18. 

Assigned to 2nd Bn. as Adjt. Oct. 28, 18. 
*WILSON, JAMES M. Com. Mar. 18, 19. Kalamazoo, Mioh. Sgt., Co. C, at organization 

of regt. Com. 2nd Lt. Dec. 4, 17. Detailed Scout Officer, 1st Bn. June 20, 18. Wounded 

in action July 8, 18, near Hecken (Alsace Defensive Sector) and evacuated to hosp. 

Returned to duty Aug. 19, 18, and assigned to 1st Bn. as Scout Officer. Com. 1st Lt. 

Sept. 5, 18. Wounded in action Oct. 15, 18, near Romagne. Evacuated to hosp. and 

returned to duty Jan. 17, 19, and assigned to Co. C. Assigned to Field & Staff Apr. 11, 19. 
*DONOVAN, LEWIS J. Com. Apr. 4, 17. Grand Rapids, Mich. Commanding Co. I, 32nd 

Mich. Inft. at call into service July 15, 17. Attached to regt. at organization of regt. 

Sept. 22, 17. Transf. to 107th San. Train Oct. 30, 17. 
*FIELD, CARL M. Com. Jan. 1913. Muskegon, Mich. Commanding Co. G, 32nd Mich. 

Inft. at call into service July 15, 17. Attached to regt. at organization of regt. Sept. 22, 

17. Left regt. Jan. 13, 18, at Camp MacArthur, Texas. 

FIRST LIEUTENANTS 
*MINIER, EDWARD W. Com. Apr. 9, 03. Big Rapids, Mich. Adjt., 1st Bn., at organiza- 
tion of regt. (See 1st Lieut's, Co. D). 
*RIBBLE, ARTHUR E. Assigned as Adjt., 3rd Bn., Sept. 29, 18. (See 1st Lieut's, Co. I). 
*CORNELL, WALTER L. Com. May 2, 17. Grand Rapids, Mich. Adjt., 3rd Bn., at 
organization of regt. Attended 1st Corps School May 2, 18, to June 5, 18. Transf. 
to U. S. Aug. 15, 18, as Instructor. 
♦ARMSTRONG, LEWIS J. Com. Apr. 22, 15. Saginaw, Mich. Adjt., 2nd Bn., at organiza- 
tion of regt. Transf. to U. S. Aug. 4, 18, as Instructor. 
KING, HAROLD J. (See 1st Lieut's, Co. F). 
* ALLEN, JOHN M. (See 1st Lieut's, Co. H). 
QUIRT, HOWARD A. (See 1st Lieut's, M. G. Co.). 

TOBIN, F. J. Com. Nov. 27, 17. Jackson, Mich. Arrived in France Jan. 24, 18, with 
casual detachment. Joined regt. June 30, 18, and assigned to Hqrs. Co. Assigned to 
Field & Staff Sept. 13, 18. Evacuated sick to hosp. Oct. 20, 18, and did not rejoin. 
GREGG, JOHN P. Com. Aug. 25, 17. Portland, Ore. Joined regt. Aug. 20, 18. Detailed 

to 63rd Brig. Hqrs. Transf. to 63rd Brig. Hqrs. Feb. 22, 19. 
HERRENGT, ALBERT C. Lieut., French Military Mission. Attached to regt. May 1, 

18, as Instructor and Technical Advisor. Relieved Sept. 10, 18. 

CHAPLAINS WITH RANK OF FIRST LIEUTENANTS 
ACREE, CLAUDE F. Com. May 29, 18. Walnut Creek, Cal. Joined regt. July 19, 18. 
HUDTLUFF, RUFUS. Com. — . Joined regt. Nov. 9, 18, and relieved from duty with 

regt. Nov. 16, 18. 
O'REAR, CLAUDE. Com. Sept. 26, 18. Birmingham, Ala. Arrived in France Oct. 26, 18. 

Joined regt. Nov. 16, 18, and assigned to 3rd Bn. 
SHANAHAN, JOHN J. Com. June 26, 18. Milwaukee, Wis. Joined regt. Sept. 16, 18. 

Transf. to Base Section, Brest, France, Apr. 23, 19. 

257 




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BAND OF 126th INFANTRY 
Taken at Sayne, Germany, March, 1919 




FRATERNIZING WITH THE NATIVES WAS FORBIDDEN. 



348 






First to Die for U. S. on Foe Soil 




PIRST of the United States soldiers killed on German soil, John 

Guyton hes in the little cemetery near Evart, Mich 
™ f y u- aS 1 r f\ urned to thi * country and buried in the 

cemetery near his old home. A marker has been placed over the 
^Zt t ™ emonaI services were held there recently under the 
auspices of the ex-service men of the community 



138 91 




JOSEPH W. GUYTON. 
A PUBLIC school of Detroit has 
*~* been named for Joseph W. Guy- 
ton, dead hero of the World War, 
and the board of education wants 
to know how, where or when he 
died. 

Many members of the Army of Oc- 
cupation died in Germany, but Guy- 
ton was killed in battle June 24. 
1918, near Sopie-La-Bas in Alsace, 
which was at that time German soil! 

i?%t? a r f ™ ember of I Company, 
126th Infantry, 32d Division, and 
was serving in the front line 
trenches when killed. 

He was buried just a few yards 
from where he was killed. Bell's 
Red Arrow history shows a picture 
of his grrave in Europe. When his 
body was returned to the United 
btates last year. President Harding- 
in an address at the pier in Hoboken 
where hundreds of bodies awaited 
shipment to relatives, sighted this 
man's record, and placed a wreath 
on his bier, saying this was the first 
American soldier to fall on German 
soil in the World War ^ CIi ««*n 


















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BINDERY INC. 



tEW- N. MANCHESTER, ' 
Sg^ INDIANA 46962 










HECKMAN m °-.*« .V 

DIU>\CQV INC. I^l 1 ° > • ^ 



% MAR 91 , * V \'4W' «>♦ 



